Normality: A collection of essays

2021 ◽  
pp. 095269512098407
Author(s):  
Peter Cryle ◽  
Elizabeth Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
19Th Century France

This article introduces a collection of articles written in response to a recently published intellectual and cultural history of normality by Peter Cryle and Elizabeth Stephens. It points to the fact that this special issue considerably extends and enriches the topical range of the book. The articles that follow discuss, in order, schooling in France at the time of the Revolution, phrenology in Europe and the US from 1840 to 1940, relations between commercial practice and scientific craniometry in 19th-century Britain and France, psychology in late 19th-century France, case studies in sexology and psychoanalysis in Central Europe, and biotypology in Southern Europe and Latin America.

The Humanistic Economics of Krausismo

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-86
Author(s):  
Claus Dierksmeier
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Humanistic Economics

Current efforts of reconciling economics with ethics, as exemplified by the works of Amartya Sen, may be assisted by a glance back into the history of ideas. A tradition typically overlooked in Anglo-American scholarship, the Spanish and Latin America movement of krausismo, proposed a conception of a humanistic economics already in the late 19th century. This article reconstructs the intellectual premises of said tradition, portrays its participatory agenda for an integration of ethical norms into economic policy in a selected case and concludes with reflections on how to advance an economics in tune with society’s normative aspirations.

Hâjj Sayyâh in 19th Century Iran: A Voyage in Search of an Identity

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-98
Author(s):  
Natalia L. Tornesello
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Travel Diary ◽  
History Of

Abstract The travelogues from the late-19th century voyages of Iranians offer important knowledge on the political, social and cultural history of the modern state. Attention has been directed mainly towards the diaries of travels in Europe, less to the works recording the impressions of those who, for various reasons, travelled within the country during the Qâjâr era. Among these, the Khâterât-e Hâjj Sayyâh, by Mirzâ Mohammad ‘Ali Mahallâti, better known as Hâjj Sayyâh, is of remarkable interest. The article examines several aspects of this ‘travel diary’; in particular their revelation of the author’s critical and pessimistic vision of his homeland and those who are currently governing it. We observe the processes of defining a national ‘self’ in contrast to the ‘other’, influenced by comparisons between Europe and the needs for modernisation, but also from memories of greatness.

Sectarian identity and the aim of integration

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (02) ◽  
pp. 95-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Early History ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In ◽  
Sectarian Identity

AbstractBasic information on the history of vaccination and anti-vaccinationism in the US and Germany is followed by discussion of the various opportunities for homeopaths to assess vaccination and the different assessments made in the early history of homoeopathy. Attitudes to vaccination are explored in American homoeopathic publications (books, selected journals, family medical guides). American homoeopathy is shown to have tended toward integration with conventional medicine rather than criticism of and opposition to it. Late 19th century American homoeopathy is shown to have been influenced by non-homoeopathic ideas. It did, however, have some characteristic ways of focusing on diseases, especially chronic diseases and their treatment in a specifically homoeopathic way, with homoeopathic physicians thinking in terms of ‘constitution’ and showing therapeutic optimism.

scholarly journals Interdisciplinary Science to Confront Coccidioidomycosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Nikias Sarafoglou ◽  
Rafael Laniado-Laborin ◽  
William A. Sprigg ◽  
Menas Kafatos
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Interdisciplinary Science ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of

The long journey of research to lower risks of Coccidioidomycosis (CM) began in the late 19th century in Argentina and continued north to Mexico, the US and other countries. During this trip, medical science led the way. Although interdisciplinary research is not alien to medical science, e.g. geographic epidemiology, interaction with other disciplines has been low priority. This paper argues that the efficacy of CM mitigation and treatment can be improved through multi- and inter-disciplinary information exchange, particularly with earth and environmental sciences. Greater interaction and open publication practice are essential. Section 1 describes CM-epidemiology, the clinical features, the diagnosis and finally, the treatment.Section 2 discusses epidemiological evidence for atmospheric influence on cases of CM.Section 3 highlights the most important contributions and controversies in the history of CM-research through scientometric or bibliometric evaluations of research that are based on Garfield’s work on the propagation of scientific thinking. 

Битвазапрошлое:храмсвятогоГеоргия вИзраавэпицентре церковно-политическойборьбыконцаXIXв.

2019 ◽  
pp. 256-281
Author(s):  
E.M. Kopot`
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

The article brings up an obscure episode in the rivalry of the Orthodox and Melkite communities in Syria in the late 19th century. In order to strengthen their superiority over the Orthodox, the Uniates attempted to seize the church of St. George in Izraa, one of the oldest Christian temples in the region. To the Orthodox community it presented a threat coming from a wealthier enemy backed up by the See of Rome and the French embassy. The only ally the Antioch Patriarchate could lean on for support in the fight for its identity was the Russian Empire, a traditional protector of the Orthodox Arabs in the Middle East. The documents from the Foreign Affairs Archive of the Russian Empire, introduced to the scientific usage for the first time, present a unique opportunity to delve into the history of this conflict involving the higher officials of the Ottoman Empire as well as the Russian embassy in ConstantinopleВ статье рассматривается малоизвестный эпизод соперничества православной и Мелкитской общин в Сирии в конце XIX века. Чтобы укрепить свое превосходство над православными, униаты предприняли попытку захватить церковь Святого Георгия в Израа, один из старейших христианских храмов в регионе. Для православной общины он представлял угрозу, исходящую от более богатого врага, поддерживаемого Римским престолом и французским посольством. Единственным союзником, на которого Антиохийский патриархат мог опереться в борьбе за свою идентичность, была Российская Империя, традиционный защитник православных арабов на Ближнем Востоке. Документы из архива иностранных дел Российской Империи, введены в научный оборот впервые, уникальная возможность углубиться в историю этого конфликта с участием высших должностных лиц в Османской империи, а также российского посольства в Константинополе.

scholarly journals Austrian-Italian Encounters: Notes on Some Films Produced Between Rome and Vienna in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Francesco Bono
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
European Cinema ◽  
History Of ◽  
Italian Film ◽  
Stylistic Influences ◽  
Corporate State ◽  
Shed Light

This essay deals with a number of Italian and Austrian films produced around the mid-1930s as a result of the cinematic cooperation that developed between Rome and Vienna at the time. The essay’s goal is to investigate a complex chapter in the history of Italian and Austrian film which has yet received little attention. The Austro-Italian cooperation in the field of film, which developed against the backdrop of the political alliance between Fascist Italy and Austria’s so-called Corporate State, involved some of the biggest names in Italian and Austrian cinema of the time, including Italian directors Carmine Gallone, Augusto Genina and Goffredo Alessandrini, Viennese screenwriter Walter Reisch, and Italian novelist Corrado Alvaro. In particular, the essay will consider the Italian film Casta Diva (1935) and its debt to one of the most famous Austrian productions of the 1930s, Willi Forst’s film Leise flehen meine Lieder (1933). Further films to be discussed include Tagebuch der Geliebten (1935), Una donna tra due mondi (1936), Opernring (1936), and Blumen aus Nizza (1936). Tagebuch der Geliebten was based on the diary of Russian painter Marie Bashkirtseff, who lived in Paris in the late 19th century. Una donna tra due mondi starred Italian diva Isa Miranda, Opernring Polish tenor Jan Kiepura, Blumen aus Nizza German singer Erna Sack.These films should be truly regarded as transnational productions, in which various cultural traditions and stylistic influences coalesced. By investigating them, this essay aims to shed light on a crucial period in the history of European cinema.

scholarly journals "Vexatious and an Abuse of the Process of the Court": The Assets Company v Mere Roihi Cases

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Bryan Gilling
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Court System ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Privy Council ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Native Land ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
History Of

The history of the Assets Co v Mere Roihi decision, a well-known early Privy Council authority on indefeasibility of title under the Torrens system of land registration, illustrates the vulnerability of Maori to irregular land acquisition methods during the late 19th century. It also highlights the inadequacies of the Native Land Court system at the time. The author argues that the policy demands for legal certainty created a hidden and undue cost on the Maori participants: as a result of the case, Maori lost their main opportunity to gain redress for effectively or actually fraudulent dealings in their lands, and for mistakes made by the Land Court.

The Archive as a “Collective Project”

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-533
Author(s):  
Nilay Özok-Gündoğan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
State Government ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Governmental Body ◽  
National Memory ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site

The history of the archive is the history of the state. Or so say conventional approaches to the archives. Until recently, the archive has been seen solely as a site, or rather a repository, of modern state power and governmentality, and a crucial medium for the making and preservation of national memory in the late 19th century. There is a truth to this state-centric perspective: the archive was conceived as a place where governments keep their records; they usually contain a term such as “state,” “government,” or “national” in their names; and they are often funded by and connected to a governmental body.

Epilogue

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Yarí Pérez Marín
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
New World ◽  
Colonial Latin America ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Garcilaso De La Vega ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
History Of

This section reflects on the cross-fertilisation between science, medicine, literature and art in the consolidation of New World identity and discourse, beyond the sixteenth century. It invites readers to consider towering figures in the cultural history of colonial Latin America, such as writer Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, polymath Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz and painter Miguel Cabrera, discussing some of their connections to earlier texts on anatomy and physiology. The epilogue makes a case for redefining the medical texts studied in Marvels of Medicine as early matrixes of colonial rhetoric, scientific and literary objects that charted a course for future colonial subjects’ sense of identity in relation to the larger context of global knowledge production.

Holocene and latest Pleistocene fluctuations of Stutfield Glacier, Canadian Rockies

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
G D Osborn ◽  
B J Robinson ◽  
B H Luckman
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Canadian Rockies ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glacier Advance

The Holocene and late glacial history of fluctuations of Stutfield Glacier are reconstructed using moraine stratigraphy, tephrochronology, and dendroglaciology. Stratigraphic sections in the lateral moraines contain tills from at least three glacier advances separated by volcanic tephras and paleosols. The oldest, pre-Mazama till is correlated with the Crowfoot Advance (dated elsewhere to be Younger Dryas equivalent). A Neoglacial till is found between the Mazama tephra and a paleosol developed on the Bridge River tephra. A log dating 2400 BP from the upper part of this till indicates that this glacier advance, correlated with the Peyto Advance, culminated shortly before deposition of the Bridge River tephra. Radiocarbon and tree-ring dates from overridden trees exposed in moraine sections indicate that the initial Cavell (Little Ice Age (LIA)) Advance overrode this paleosol and trees after A.D. 1271. Three subsequent phases of the Cavell Advance were dated by dendrochronology. The maximum glacier extent occurred in the mid-18th century, predating 1743 on the southern lateral, although ice still occupied and tilted a tree on the north lateral in 1758. Subsequent glacier advances occurred ca. 1800–1816 and in the late 19th century. The relative extent of the LIA advances at Stutfield differs from that of other major eastward flowing outlets of the Columbia Icefield, which have maxima in the mid–late 19th century. This is the first study from the Canadian Rockies to demonstrate that the large, morphologically simple, lateral moraines defining the LIA glacier limits are actually composite features, built up progressively (but discontinuously) over the Holocene and contain evidence of multiple Holocene- and Crowfoot-age glacier advances.

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