Investigation of the power losses of the hybrid transmission DE-REX based on modeling and measurement

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (14) ◽  
pp. 3646-3657
Author(s):  
Ye Shen ◽  
Andreas Viehmann ◽  
Stephan Rinderknecht
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Range Extender ◽  
Hybrid Powertrains ◽  
Hybrid Transmission

Electric and hybrid powertrains are developed to reduce the energy and fuel consumption of vehicles. Recently, multi-speed transmission systems were discussed for further reduction of the energy consumption of electric vehicles. Therefore, analyzing the power losses of such transmissions is of interest. In this paper, the novel powertrain concept DE-REX (Two-Drive-Transmission with Range-Extender) and the experimental investigation of its overall power losses is first introduced. A method is then developed to model and analyze the power losses of this hybrid transmission based on experimental data. After the validation of the method, the overall power loss model is eventually applied to estimate the power losses of the transmission at other driving modes, which were not measured on the test rig. The method is used to understand the characteristics of power losses inside the transmission in a hybrid powertrain and to optimize powertrain power losses in future.

scholarly journals Bearing Power Losses with Water-Containing Gear Fluids

Lubricants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Yilmaz ◽  
Thomas Lohner ◽  
Klaus Michaelis ◽  
Karsten Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Power Loss ◽  
Stribeck Curve ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Gear Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Test ◽  
Typical Calculation ◽  
Calculation Procedures

Lubricants have a large influence on gearbox power losses. Recent investigations at a gear efficiency test rig have shown the high potential of water-containing gear fluids in drastically reducing load-dependent gear losses and temperatures. In this study, the bearing power losses with water-containing gear fluids were evaluated at a specific bearing power loss test rig explicitly and compared with mineral and polyalphaolefine oils. For all investigated lubricants, a Stribeck curve behavior of the load-dependent losses is observed. The water-containing gear fluids demonstrate lower no-load bearing losses and higher load-dependent bearing losses at higher rotational speeds. The comparison of measured bearing losses with typical calculation procedures showe partially large differences. The results underline the importance of having detailed knowledge of bearing losses when evaluating gear losses in gearboxes.

scholarly journals Fuel economy improvement and emission reduction of 48 V mild hybrid electric vehicles with P0, P1, and P2 architectures with lithium battery cell experimental data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 168781402110360
Author(s):  
Yiqun Liu ◽  
Y Gene Liao ◽  
Ming-Chia Lai
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Mild Hybrid

This paper intends to provide design selections of hybrid powertrain architectures in 48 V mild hybrid electric vehicles. Based on the location of the electric machine in the driveline, the hybrid powertrain architectures can be categorized into five groups, P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4. This paper uses simulation software to investigate the fuel economy improvements and emission reduction of 48 V mild hybrid electric vehicles with P0, P1, and P2 architectures. A baseline conventional and a 12 V start/stop vehicle models based on the production vehicle are built for comparison. The 48 V battery pack model is based on experimental data including open-circuit voltage and internal resistance of a 20 Ah lithium polymer battery cell. Four standard driving cycles are used to assess the fuel economy and emissions of the vehicle models. With features of engine idle elimination, electric power assist, and regenerative braking, the 48 V P0 and P1 respectively gains average 13.5% and 15.5% simulated fuel economy compared to baseline vehicle. The 48 V P2 enables feature of electric launch/driving and improves the fuel economy by average 18.5% better than baseline vehicle. The 48 V mild hybrid system seems to be one of the promising techniques to meet future fuel economy standards and emission regulations.

Closed-Loop Design for Hybrid Powertrains

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Vanhuyse ◽  
Nikolce Murgovski ◽  
Mike Nicolai ◽  
Herman Van der Auweraer ◽  
Wim Desmet
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Loop Design ◽  
Computational Support ◽  
Parallel Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Powertrains

The increasing interest into hybrid electric vehicles imposes the need to provide computational support for design choices during the development of these vehicles. This paper presents the use of a new methodology which allows for automatically generating topologically different hybrid powertrain concepts, and evaluating their performance. Since the energy management controller plays an important role in the performance assessment, a modular framework based on optimal control theory is used for assessing the closed-loop performance of different hybrid powertrain architectures. This paper illustrates how the concept generation methodology can be combined with optimal control in order to compare the closed-loop performance of a series and parallel hybrid powertrain.

An Analytical Model for Turbulent Compression-Driven Heat Transfer

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Cantelmi ◽  
D. Gedeon ◽  
A. A. Kornhauser
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Heat Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Mixing Length ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Flow Configurations

Compression-driven heat transfer is important to the performance of many reciprocating energy-conversion machines. For small pressure variations in cylinder spaces without inflow, heat transfer and power losses are well predicted using a simple heat transfer model which neglects turbulence. In actual engine cylinders, where significant turbulence levels can be generated by high-velocity inflow, a model which neglects turbulence may not be adequate. In this paper, a heat transfer model having an analytical solution is developed for turbulent cylinder spaces based on a mixing length turbulence model. The model is then used to develop expressions for heat-transfer-related power loss and heat transfer coefficient. Predicted results compare favorably with experimental data for two in-flow configurations.

scholarly journals The Power Losses in Cable Lines Supplying Nonlinear Loads

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1374
Author(s):  
Bartosz Rozegnał ◽  
Paweł Albrechtowicz ◽  
Dominik Mamcarz ◽  
Monika Rerak ◽  
Maciej Skaza
Keyword(s):  
Bessel Function ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Active Power ◽  
New Method ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Nonlinear Loads ◽  
Current Harmonics ◽  
Cable Lines

This paper presents the skin effect impact on the active power losses in the sheathless single-core cables/wires supplying nonlinear loads. There are significant conductor losses when the current has a distorted waveform (e.g., the current supplying diode rectifiers). The authors present a new method for active power loss calculation. The obtained results have been compared to the IEC-60287-1-1:2006 + A1:2014 standard method and the method based on the Bessel function. For all methods, the active power loss results were convergent for small-cable cross-section areas. The proposed method gives smaller power loss values for these cable sizes than the IEC and Bessel function methods. For cable cross-section areas greater than 185 mm2, the obtained results were better than those for the other methods. There were also analyses of extra power losses for distorted currents compared to an ideal 50 Hz sine wave for all methods. The new method is based on the current penetration depth factor calculated for every considered current harmonics, which allows us to calculate the precise equivalent resistance for any cable size. This research is part of our work on a cable thermal analysis method that has been developed.

Miniature Fuel Processors for Portable Fuel Cell Power Supplies

2002 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Holladay ◽  
Evan Jones ◽  
Daniel R. Palo ◽  
Max Phelps ◽  
Ya-Huei Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Power Supplies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Methanol Reforming ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Portable Power ◽  
Novel Catalyst

ABSTRACTMiniature and microscale fuel processors that incorporate novel catalysts and microtechnology-based designs are discussed. The novel catalyst allows for methanol reforming at high gas hourly space velocities of 50,000 hr-1 or higher while maintaining a carbon monoxide levels at 1% or less. The microtechnology-based designs extremely compact and lightweight devices. The miniature fuel processors, with a volume less than 25 cm3, a mass less than 200 grams, and thermal efficiencies of up to 83%, nominally provide 25 to 50 watts equivalent of hydrogen, which is ample for the portable power supplies described here. With reasonable assumptions on fuel cell efficiencies, anode gas and water management, parasitic power loss, the energy density was estimated at 1700 Whr/kg. These processors have been demonstrated with a CO cleanup method and a fuel cell stack. The microscale fuel processors, with a volume of less than 0.25 cm3 and a mass of less than 1 gram, are designed to provide up to 0.3 watt equivalent of power with efficiencies over 20%.

scholarly journals An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Using Eagle Strategy for Power Loss Minimization

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Yapıcı ◽  
Nurettin Çetinkaya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Eagle Strategy

The power loss in electrical power systems is an important issue. Many techniques are used to reduce active power losses in a power system where the controlling of reactive power is one of the methods for decreasing the losses in any power system. In this paper, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm using eagle strategy (ESPSO) is proposed for solving reactive power optimization problem to minimize the power losses. All simulations and numerical analysis have been performed on IEEE 30-bus power system, IEEE 118-bus power system, and a real power distribution subsystem. Moreover, the proposed method is tested on some benchmark functions. Results obtained in this study are compared with commonly used algorithms: particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, genetic algorithm (GA), artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, firefly algorithm (FA), differential evolution (DE), and hybrid genetic algorithm with particle swarm optimization (hGAPSO). Results obtained in all simulations and analysis show that the proposed method is superior and more effective compared to the other methods.

Leakage Flow Investigations on a Through-Wall Crack Related to Thermal Fatigue of Nuclear Power Plant Piping

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schmid ◽  
Rudi Kulenovic ◽  
Eckart Laurien
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Set Up

For the validation of empirical models to calculate leakage flow rates in through-wall cracks of piping, reliable experimental data are essential. In this context, the Leakage Flow (LF) test rig was built up at the IKE for measurements of leakage flow rates with reduced pressure (maximum 1 MPA) and temperature (maximum 170 °C) compared to real plant conditions. The design of the test rig enables experimental investigations of through-wall cracks with different geometries and orientations by means of circular blank sheets with integrated cracks which are installed in the tubular test section of the test rig. In the paper, the experimental LF set-up and used measurement techniques are explained in detail. Furthermore, first leakage flow measurement results for one through-wall crack geometry and different imposed fluid pressures at ambient temperature conditions are presented and discussed. As an additional aspect the experimental data are used for the determination of the flow resistance of the investigated leak channel. Finally, the experimental results are compared with numerical results of WinLeck calculations to prove specifically in WinLeck implemented numerical models.

Calculation and Measurement of the Stiffness and Damping Coefficients for a Low Impedance Hydrodynamic Bearing

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Goodwin ◽  
P. J. Ogrodnik ◽  
M. P. Roach ◽  
Y. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Perturbation Technique ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Hydrodynamic Bearing ◽  
Damping Coefficients ◽  
Stiffness And Damping ◽  
Film Stiffness ◽  
Novel Design

This paper describes a combined theoretical and experimental investigation of the eight oil film stiffness and damping coefficients for a novel low impedance hydrodynamic bearing. The novel design incorporates a recess in the bearing surface which is connected to a standard commercial gas bag accumulator; this arrangement reduces the oil film dynamic stiffness and leads to improved machine response and stability. A finite difference method was used to solve Reynolds equation and yield the pressure distribution in the bearing oil film. Integration of the pressure profile then enabled the fluid film forces to be evaluated. A perturbation technique was used to determine the dynamic pressure components, and hence to determine the eight oil film stiffness and damping coefficients. Experimental data was obtained from a laboratory test rig in which a test bearing, floating on a rotating shaft, was excited by a multi-frequency force signal. Measurements of the resulting relative movement between bearing and journal enabled the oil film coefficients to be measured. The results of the work show good agreement between theoretical and experimental data, and indicate that the oil film impedance of the novel design is considerably lower than that of a conventional bearing.

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