Head kinematics study of E-bicycle rider in car to E-bicycle side collisions

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440702095007
Author(s):  
Shuaishuai Hu ◽  
Xiaojiang Lv ◽  
Haiyang Zhang ◽  
Pengxiang Wang ◽  
Pengyun Gu
Keyword(s):  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Pedestrian Protection ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Head Kinematics ◽  
Impact Location ◽  
Location Area

In recent years, car to bicycle collisions take place more and more frequently, which have attracted the attention of some organizations and engineers. They are trying to make some rules for cars to realize better bicyclist protection, including defining new head impact location area and head impact velocity in pedestrian protection tests. However, car to E-bicycle collisions occur more than car to bicycle collisions in China. Therefore, vehicle to E-bicycle collisions should be researched to define appropriate head impact location area and head impact velocity in pedestrian protection tests for cars in Chinese market. In this article, the head kinematics of E-bicycle riders in car to E-bicycle side collisions are studied. First, through analyzing data from China In-Depth Accident Study Database (which conducts field investigation, analysis, and research on traffic accidents in China), some representative conditions and key parameters in car to E-bicycle collisions are extracted. Second, a condition of car to E-bicycle side collision from above analysis is simulated. Third, an experiment according to the above condition is performed and the finite element models in the above simulation are validated. Then, a series of conditions are simulated by using the validated models, and some factors affecting head impact locations and head impact velocities in car to E-bicycle side collisions are studied. Finally, some factors that affect the head kinematics of E-bicycle riders in car to E-bicycle collisions are identified and some results of head movement in these collisions are concluded, such as head impact locations and head impact velocities.

scholarly journals REDESIGN OF OUTER HOOD PANEL OF ESEMKA R2 CAR TO IMPROVE PEDESTRIAN PROTECTION USING FINITE ELEMENT MODELING

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Binyamin Binyamin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Pedestrian Protection ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Head Injury Criterion ◽  
Pedestrian Impact ◽  
The Impact

Traffic accidents are terrible scourge that occur in many countries, specially for developing countries where transportation affairs like tangled yarn. Besides functioning as an engine compartment cover, the hood of modern compact SUV can also help to manage the impact energy of a pedestrian’s head in a vehicle-pedestrian impact. This paper presents outer hood design of Esemka R2 that has a potential to improve hood’s ability and also to absorb the impact energy of a pedestrian’s head. The developed method for the design of an outer hood configuration aims to provide a robust design and homogeneous of Head Injury Criterion (HIC) for impact position at WAD 1000 and three different thicknesses (1.25 mm, 1.35 mm & 1.50 mm) of outer hood panel of Esemka R2 compact SUV, taking into consideration the limited space available for deformation. The non-linear Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software (Explicit Dynamics) was used in this research to simulate the testing procedurs of head impact for child pedestrian. The results show that the average of comparison dimensional of outer hood panel of Esemka R2 was 4.89 mm. The minimum of deformation space meet the requirement for HIC value which required obtaining robust and homogeneous head impact performance. Outer hood thickness and materials were identified as the factors to influence the stress and HIC value of the hood. By comparing all outer hood panels, aluminium alloy as the best selected material which has the lowest value is 32.78% for the pedestrian protection.

scholarly journals Football concussion case series using biomechanical and video analysis

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (23 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S2.2-S2
Author(s):  
Mirellie Kelley ◽  
Jillian Urban ◽  
Derek Jones ◽  
Alexander Powers ◽  
Christopher T. Whitlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Rotational Acceleration ◽  
Impact Location ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Impact Data

Approximately 1.1–1.9 million sport-related concussions among athletes ≤18 years of age occur annually in the United States, but there is limited understanding of the biomechanics and injury mechanisms associated with concussions among lower level football athletes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to combine biomechanical head impact data with video analysis to characterize youth and HS football concussion injury mechanisms. Head impact data were collected from athletes participating on 22 youth and 6 HS football teams between 2012 and 2017. Video was recorded, and head impact data were collected during all practices and games by instrumenting players with the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System. For each clinically diagnosed concussion, a video abstraction form was completed, which included questions concerning the context in which the injury occurred. Linear acceleration, rotational acceleration, and impact location were used to characterize the concussive event and each injured athlete's head impact exposure on the day of the concussion. A total of 9 (5 HS and 4 youth) concussions with biomechanics and video of the event were included in this study. The mean [range] linear and rotational acceleration of the concussive impacts were 62.9 [29.3–118.4] g and 3,056.7 [1,046.8–6,954.6] rad/s2, respectively. Concussive impacts were the highest magnitude impacts for 6 players and in the top quartile of impacts for 3 players on the day of injury. Concussions occurred in both practices (N = 4) and games (N = 5). The most common injury contact surface was helmet-to-helmet (N = 5), followed by helmet-to-ground (N = 3) and helmet-to-body (N = 1). All injuries occurred during player-to-player contact scenarios, including tackling (N = 4), blocking (N = 4), and collision with other players (N = 1). The biomechanics and injury mechanisms of concussions varied among athletes in our study; however, concussive impacts were among the highest severity for each player and all concussions occurred as a result of player-to-player contact.

scholarly journals The Hammer and the Nail: Biomechanics of Striking and Struck Canadian University Football Players

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Brooks ◽  
Adam Redgrift ◽  
Allen A. Champagne ◽  
James P. Dickey
Keyword(s):  
College Football ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Impact Location ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThis study sought to evaluate head accelerations in both players involved in a football collision. Players on two opposing Canadian university teams were equipped with helmet mounted sensors during one game per season, for two consecutive seasons. A total of 276 collisions between 58 instrumented players were identified via video and cross-referenced with sensor timestamps. Player involvement (striking and struck), impact type (block or tackle), head impact location (front, back, left and right), and play type were recorded from video footage. While struck players did not experience significantly different linear or rotational accelerations between any play types, striking players had the highest linear and rotational head accelerations during kickoff plays (p ≤ .03). Striking players also experienced greater linear and rotational head accelerations than struck players during kickoff plays (p = .001). However, struck players experienced greater linear and rotational accelerations than striking players during kick return plays (p ≤ .008). Other studies have established that the more severe the head impact, the greater risk for injury to the brain. This paper’s results highlight that kickoff play rule changes, as implemented in American college football, would decrease head impact exposure of Canadian university football athletes and make the game safer.

Analysis of Driver's Characteristics Based on Internet of Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Vol 505-506 ◽  
pp. 1148-1152
Author(s):  
Jian Qun Wang ◽  
Xiao Qing Xue ◽  
Ning Cao
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Internet Of Vehicles ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Road ◽  
The University ◽  
Driver’S Characteristics

The road traffic accidents caused huge economic losses and casualties, so it had been focused by the researchers. Lane changing characteristic is the most relevant characteristic with safety. The intent of lane changing was discussed. Firstly, the factors affecting the intent were analyzed, the speed satisfaction value and the space satisfaction value were proposed; then the data from the University of California, Berkeley was extracted and the number of vehicles changed lane more often and the vehicle ID were obtained; the BP neural network classification model was established, it was trained and testified by actual data. The results shown the method could predict the intent accurately.

scholarly journals The Effects of Picking Up Primary School Pupils on Surrounding Street’s Traffic: A Case Study in Hanoi

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-250
Author(s):  
Dinh Hiep ◽  
Vu V. Huy ◽  
Teppei Kato ◽  
Aya Kojima ◽  
Hisashi Kubota
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Almost All

Introduction: One of the significant characteristics of schools in Vietnam is that almost all parents send their children to school and/or pick up their children from school using private vehicles (motorcycles). The parents usually stop and park their vehicle on streets outside the school gates, which can lead to serious congestion and increases the likelihood of traffic accidents. Methods: The objective of this study is to find out factors affecting the picking up of pupils at primary school by evaluating the typical primary schools in Hanoi city. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine factors that influence the decision of picking up pupils and the waiting duration of parents. The behavior of motorcyclists during the process of picking up pupils at the primary school gate has been identified and analyzed in detail by the Kinovea software. Results and Discussion: The study showed that, on the way back home, almost all parents use motorbikes (89.15%) to pick up their children. During their waiting time (8.48 minutes in average), they made a lot of illegal parking actions on the street there by, causing a lot of “cognitive” errors and “crash” points surrounding in front of the primary school entrance gate. Risky picking-up behaviors were significantly observed, i.e. picking-up on opposite side of the school, making a U-turn, backing-up dangerously, parking on the middle of street, and parking on the street next to sidewalk). Conclusion: Based on the analyzed results, several traffic management measures have been suggested to enhance traffic safety and reduce traffic congestion in front of school gates. In addition, the results of the study will provide a useful reference for policymakers and authorities.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Factors Affecting Food Loss and Waste and Sustainable Mitigation Strategies: A Logistics Service Providers’ Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11374
Author(s):  
HAN YAN ◽  
Min-Ju Song ◽  
Hee-Yong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Food Loss ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Logistics Service ◽  
Logistics Service Providers ◽  
Potential Factors

This study investigates the causes of food loss and waste (FLW) from the perspective of logistics service providers (LSPs) and provides sustainable options for the Chinese market. To this end, this study reviews the literature on FLW and cold chain logistics published from 2008–2021. Until recently, little attention has been paid to understanding FLW drivers from the LSP perspective. This critical systematic literature review (SLR) aims to identify the potential drivers of FLW and provide a coherent and integrated knowledge base regarding these factors. A configurative SLR was performed, and after a filtering process, 43 articles were analyzed. Potential factors were identified and categorized into four groups: (i) poor management, (ii) inappropriate operational practices, (iii) high cost, and (iv) restrictions. The results reveal that technical inefficiency and facility costs are the most serious risks, and the lack of legislation and standards constitutes the second most serious risk for FLW. Sustainable solutions are recommended to address these risks. Finally, the study findings provide guidance for LSPs to achieve sustainability in social, economic, and ecological dimensions.

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