Improvement and Performance Evaluation When Implementing a Distance-Based Registration

An efficient location registration scheme is essential to continuously accommodate the increasing number of mobile subscribers and to offer a variety of multimedia services with good quality. The objective of this study was to analyze the optimal size for the location area of a distance-based registration (DBR) scheme by varying the number of location areas on a cell-by-cell basis, not on a ring-by-ring basis. Using our proposed cell-by-cell distance-based registration scheme with a random walk mobility model, a variety of circumstances were analyzed to obtain the optimal number of cells for location area for minimizing the total signaling cost on radio channels. Analysis results showed that the optimal number of cells for location area was between 4 and 7 in most cases. Our cell-by-cell distance-based location registration scheme had less signaling cost than an optimal ring-by-ring distance-based location registration scheme with an optimal distance threshold of 2 (the optimal number of cells for location area was 7). Therefore, when DBR is adopted, it must be implemented with an LA increasing on a cell-by-cell basis to achieve optimal performance.

Blockchain-Enabled Privacy-Preserving Location Sharing Scheme for LBSNs

The rise of Internet of Things (IoT) technology promotes the rapid development of location services industry. The idea of smart connectivity also provides a new direction for Location-Based Social Networks (LBSNs). However, due to limited calculate ability and internal storage space of IoT devices, historical location data of users is generally stored in the central server, which is likely to cause the disclosure of users’ private data. In this paper, we propose a Blockchain-enabled Privacy-Preserving Location Sharing (B-PPLS) scheme, which is a new framework that not only protects user location privacy but also provides effective location sharing services for users. For B-PPLS, location data owners can share the location area instead of location coordinates to Requesters, in order to realize the location privacy preserving. Also, the Merkle hash tree is utilized to divide the location area, so as to realize the multilevel privacy preserving. Furthermore, four algorithms are proposed to achieve the four stages of initialization, location record, location sharing, and location verification, respectively. Finally, we analyze the security of the proposed B-PPLS scheme and compare the performance with other related location privacy-preserving schemes by experimental evaluation.

Some lexical features of dialectal zones in Karakalpakstan

From the above it can be concluded that the influence of regional dialects in one area is an important factor in the development of the lexicon of Uzbek dialects. Such influence and lexical nourishment may be somewhat more intense in Uzbek dialects that are far from the literary center and surrounded by or familiar with other languages. It goes without saying that such connections cannot be made directly between different dialect regions that are far apart in terms of area. Because each or each group of Uzbek dialects has its own unique and appropriate distribution areas for a long time. Part of the peculiarities of the Dialect trail is related to this boundary, their distribution, location - area, which appeared and developed only in this area. In addition, as a result of observing the dialects of the area, a dialect area may not always be a constant latitude, but may cover a dialect, a village or several villages in the area. So, we have seen that the Uzbeks living in Karakalpakstan use words and phrases typical of the Kipchak and Yuguz dialects. Dialectal area covers very large areas. In general, it shows that the Turkic peoples are blood relatives and brothers. Key words: literary language, dialect, area, local language, comparative historical foundations, grammatical form, scientific classification

Head kinematics study of E-bicycle rider in car to E-bicycle side collisions

In recent years, car to bicycle collisions take place more and more frequently, which have attracted the attention of some organizations and engineers. They are trying to make some rules for cars to realize better bicyclist protection, including defining new head impact location area and head impact velocity in pedestrian protection tests. However, car to E-bicycle collisions occur more than car to bicycle collisions in China. Therefore, vehicle to E-bicycle collisions should be researched to define appropriate head impact location area and head impact velocity in pedestrian protection tests for cars in Chinese market. In this article, the head kinematics of E-bicycle riders in car to E-bicycle side collisions are studied. First, through analyzing data from China In-Depth Accident Study Database (which conducts field investigation, analysis, and research on traffic accidents in China), some representative conditions and key parameters in car to E-bicycle collisions are extracted. Second, a condition of car to E-bicycle side collision from above analysis is simulated. Third, an experiment according to the above condition is performed and the finite element models in the above simulation are validated. Then, a series of conditions are simulated by using the validated models, and some factors affecting head impact locations and head impact velocities in car to E-bicycle side collisions are studied. Finally, some factors that affect the head kinematics of E-bicycle riders in car to E-bicycle collisions are identified and some results of head movement in these collisions are concluded, such as head impact locations and head impact velocities.

A Case Study on CETP Processing in Leather Units of Kanpur

In Kanpur, CETP units have been installed to treat the enormous effluents discharge from various leather processing units. Researcher collects the data in terms of its location area, year of establishment and number of units attached for treatment effluents and their effluent treatment capacity per day. Result of the study indicate that Majority of leather units were connected to CETP of Bajidpurin Jajmau area of Kanpur. Some remaining large scale leather units were and involved in combined units have their own Chromium effluent treatment plant (CETP).