scholarly journals Correction of radiographic measurements of acetabular cup wear for variations in pelvis orientation

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-309
Author(s):  
Brian Derbyshire
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Method ◽  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Radiographic Measurement ◽  
Linear Wear ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Acetabular Cup ◽  
Correction Formula ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiographic Measurements

Radiographic measurement of two-dimensional acetabular cup wear is usually carried out on a series of follow-up radiographs of the patient’s pelvis. Since the orientation of the pelvis might not be consistent at every X-ray examination, the resulting change in view of the wear plane introduces error into the linear wear measurement. This effect is amplified on some designs of cup in which the centre of the socket is several millimetres below the centre of the cup or circular wire marker. This study describes the formulation of a mathematical method to correct radiographic wear measurements for changes in pelvis orientation. A mathematical simulation of changes in cup orientation and wear vectors caused by pelvic tilt was used to confirm that the formulae corrected the wear exactly if the radiographic plane of the reference radiograph was parallel to the true plane of wear. An error analysis showed that even when the true wear plane was not parallel to the reference radiographic plane, the formulae could still provide a useful correction. A published correction formula was found to be ineffective.

scholarly journals Comparison of Conventional Polyethylene Wear and Signs of Cup Failure in Two Similar Total Hip Designs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Pace ◽  
Kevin C. Keith ◽  
Estefania Alvarez ◽  
Rebecca G. Snider ◽  
Stephanie L. Tanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Wear ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Linear Wear ◽  
Acetabular Cup ◽  
Linear Wear Rate ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Functional Behavior ◽  
Radiographic Data

Multiple factors have been identified as contributing to polyethylene wear and debris generation of the acetabular lining. Polyethylene wear is the primary limiting factor in the functional behavior and consequent longevity of a total hip arthroplasty (THA). This retrospective study reviewed the clinical and radiographic data of 77 consecutive THAs comparing in vivo polyethylene wear of two similar acetabular cup liners. Minimum follow-up was 7 years (range 7–15). The incidence of measurable wear in a group of machined liners sterilized with ethylene oxide and composed of GUR 1050 stock resin was significantly higher (61%) than the compression-molded, GUR 1020, O2-free gamma irradiation sterilized group (24%)(P=0.0004). Clinically, at a 9-year average followup, both groups had comparable HHS scores and incidence of thigh or groin pain, though the machined group had an increased incidence of osteolysis and annual linear wear rate.

scholarly journals Comparing goniometric and radiographic measurement of Q angle of the knee

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Faisal Chevidikunnan ◽  
Amer Al Saif ◽  
Harish Pai K ◽  
Lawrence Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Radiographic Measurement ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiographic Measurements ◽  
Q Angle ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
The Common ◽  
Diagnostic Measurement ◽  
Acute Knee

AbstractBackgroundThe Q angle is a relevant clinical diagnostic measurement to detect various disorders of the knee. The common method used to measure the Q angle in the routine clinical practice is by radiography. An alternative to radiographic measurement is goniometry, by which exposure to x-rays can be avoided.ObjectivesTo compare and correlate the goniometric measurement of Q angle with radiographic measurement of the Q angle in patients with acute knee pain.MethodsWe selected 45 patient participants with a mean age of 32.5 years who satisfied the inclusion criteria for this study. All the patients underwent goniometric measurement of the Q angle followed by x-ray imaging of the entire lower limb. Later the bony prominences were marked on the x-ray image and the Q angle formed was measured using a protractor. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the goniometric and radiographic measurements was determined.ResultsWe found a significant relationship between Q angles obtained using a goniometer and x-ray imaging in the supine position (r = 0.91, P = 0.001). The mean difference between the goniometric measurement of Q angle and the radiographic measurement was 0.1°, which is not significant.ConclusionsGoniometry can be used to measure Q angle as accurately as radiography, and can be used as an inexpensive and radiation free alternative.

scholarly journals A Study on the Reliability and Validity of the Standing Lateral Radiograph Method to Assess Acetabular Component Version

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
wenhui Zhang ◽  
Jie Xu ◽  
Deng Li ◽  
Hao Sun ◽  
Zhiqing Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetabular Component ◽  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Outer Edge ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Acetabular Cup ◽  
Radiographic Measurements ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives: Version of the acetabular component on standing position is an important factor influencing the risk of adverse outcomes during functional activities after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a method for measuring cup version on standing lateral (SL) radiograph.Methods: 87 consecutive patients who underwent primary THA were included. SL radiograph and computed tomography (CT) scan were taken 7 days after THA to measure the cup version. The measurement method was based on the cross-table lateral (CL) radiograph. The tangential line of the cup opening face was determined through two intersecting points of the cup outer edge circle and the opening face elliptical arc. The version was measured between the horizonal line and the tangent line by two independent examiners. Radiographic measurements were compared with CT measurements after the uniformization of pelvic tilt (PT).Results: All measurements had excellent intra- and inter-observer reliabilities with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) >0.90. The mean version was 15.56° (SD 11.22°, -19.82° to 38.74°) for SL radiographs and 16.19° (SD 12.09°, -23.00° to 47.20°) for PT-matched CT. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.901, p < 0.001) between radiographic versions and CT versions. The mean difference was -0.63° (SD 5.25°, -14.92° to 12.72°) and the differences were almost within the 95% limits of agreement. Conclusion: SL radiograph allows accurate and practicable evaluation of post-operative functional acetabular cup version, with an advantage to identify the pelvic tilt simultaneously.

scholarly journals Study of the radiographic parameters of normal ankles

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Pedro Costa Benevides ◽  
Caio Augusto de Souza Nery ◽  
Alexandre Leme Godoy-Santos ◽  
José Felipe Marion Alloza ◽  
Marcelo Pires Prado
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Radiographic Measurement ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Ankle Arthritis ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiographic Parameters ◽  
Radiographic Measurements ◽  
Bibliographic Search

Objective: The authors carried out a bibliographic search for the radiographic parameters used to determine tibiotalar joint alignment, and suggest a set of parameters that constitute the minimum radiographic evaluation sufficient for the proper assessment of tibiotalar alignment. Methods: The search was conducted between May 2019 and January 2020 on the online platforms PudMed and Google Scholar with the following terms, used separately or jointly: “ankle arthritis, radiographic measurement, ankle alignment, alignment, anterior ankle instability, X-ray, and ankle injury”. Results: We selected twelve studies evaluating radiographic patterns of normal ankles, and identified a total of 15 radiographic measurements. Conclusion: The authors believe that a minimum radiographic assessment of tibiotalar alignment should include the following parameters on the anteroposterior radiograph: the distal tibial articular angle, the talar tilt and talus center migration. On the lateral radiograph, it should include: lateral distal tibial angle and lateral talar station. Level of Evidence V; Diagnostic Study; Expert Opinion.

scholarly journals Accuracy of radiographic measurement techniques for the Taylor spatial frame mounting parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Gessmann ◽  
Sven Frieler ◽  
Matthias Königshausen ◽  
Thomas A. Schildhauer ◽  
Yannik Hanusrichter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Image Intensifier ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Taylor Spatial Frame ◽  
Radiographic Measurement ◽  
Image Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spatial Frame ◽  
Radiographic Measurements ◽  
Soft Copy

Abstract Aim The correction accuracy of the Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) fixator depends considerably on the precise determination of the mounting parameters (MP). Incorrect parameters result in secondary deformities that require subsequent corrections. Different techniques have been described to improve the precision of MP measurement, although exact calculation is reportedly impossible radiologically. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of intraoperative and postoperative radiographic measurement methods compared to direct MP measurement from TSF bone mounting. Methods A tibial Sawbone® model was established with different origins and reference ring positions. First, reference MPs for each origin were measured directly on the frame and bone using a calibrated, digital vernier calliper. In total 150 MPs measured with three different radiographic measurement techniques were compared to the reference MPs: digital radiographic measurements were performed using soft-copy PACS images without (method A) and with (method B) calibration and calibrated image intensifier images (method C). Results MPs measured from a non-calibrated X-ray image (method A) showed the highest variance compared to the reference MPs. A greater distance between the origin and the reference ring corresponded to less accurate MP measurements with method A. However, the MPs measured from calibrated X-ray images (method B) and calibrated image intensifier images (method C) were intercomparable (p = 0.226) and showed only minor differences compared to the reference values but significant differences to method A (p < 0,001). Conclusion The results demonstrate that MPs can be accurately measured with radiographic techniques when using calibration markers and a software calibration tool, thus minimizing the source of error and improving the quality of correction.

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

Tubulin structure at intermediate resolution

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 852-853
Author(s):  
K. H. Downing ◽  
S. G. Wolf ◽  
E. Nogales
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Zinc Ions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
Functional Mechanisms ◽  
Tubulin Structure

Microtubules are involved in a host of critical cell activities, many of which involve transport of organelles through the cell. Different sets of microtubules appear to form during the cell cycle for different functions. Knowledge of the structure of tubulin will be necessary in order to understand the various functional mechanisms of microtubule assemble, disassembly, and interaction with other molecules, but tubulin has so far resisted crystallization for x-ray diffraction studies. Fortuitously, in the presence of zinc ions, tubulin also forms two-dimensional, crystalline sheets that are ideally suited for study by electron microscopy. We have refined procedures for forming the sheets and preparing them for EM, and have been able to obtain high-resolution structural data that sheds light on the formation and stabilization of microtubules, and even the interaction with a therapeutic drug.Tubulin sheets had been extensively studied in negative stain, demonstrating that the same protofilament structure was formed in the sheets and microtubules. For high resolution studies, we have found that the sheets embedded in either glucose or tannin diffract to around 3 Å.

Two dimensional Sr silicate grown on Si(001) studied using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

2006 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
M. El Kazzi ◽  
G. Delhaye ◽  
S. Gaillard ◽  
E. Bergignat ◽  
G. Hollinger
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray

Congenital Syphilis Simulating Bone Neoplasm in 2-Month Old Infant – Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Eosinophilic Granuloma ◽  
Osteolytic Lesion ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Distal Fibula ◽  
X Ray

Introduction: Congenital Syphilis (CS) occurs through the transplacental transmission of Treponema pallidum in inadequately treated or non-treated pregnant women, and is capable of severe consequences such as miscarriage, preterm birth, congenital disease and/or neonatal death. CS has been showing an increasing incidence worldwide, with an increase of 208% from 2009 to 2015 in Brazil. Case report: 2-month old infant receives care in emergency service due to edema of right lower limb with pain in mobilization. X-ray with osteolytic lesion in distal fibula. Infant was sent to the Pediatrics Oncology clinic. Perinatal data: 7 prenatal appointments, negative serology at 10 and 30 weeks of gestation. End of pregnancy tests were not examined and tests for mother’s hospital admission were not requested. Mother undergone elective cesarean section at 38 weeks without complications. During the pediatric oncologist appointment, patient showed erythematous-squamous lesions in neck and other scar-like lesions in upper body. A new X-ray of lower limbs showed lesions in right fibula with periosteal reaction associated with aggressive osteolytic lesion compromising distal diaphysis, with cortical bone rupture and signs of pathological fracture, suggestive of eosinophilic granuloma. She was hospitalized for a lesion biopsy. Laboratory tests: hematocrit: 23.1 / hemoglobin 7.7 / leukocytes 10,130 (without left deviation) / platelets 638,000 / Negative Cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM and Toxoplasmosis IgG and IgM / VDRL 1:128. Congenital syphilis diagnosis with skin lesions, bone alterations and anemia. Lumbar puncture: glucose 55 / total proteins 26 / VDRL non reagent / 13 leukocytes (8% neutrophils; 84% monomorphonuclear; 8% macrophages) and 160 erythrocytes / negative VDRL and culture. X-ray of other long bones, ophthalmological evaluation and abdominal ultrasound without alterations. Patient was hospitalized for 14 days for treatment with Ceftriaxone 100mg/kg/day, due to the lack of Crystalline Penicillin in the hospital. She is now under outpatient follow-up. Discussion: CS is responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality. The ongoing increase of cases of this pathology reflects a severe health issue and indicates failures in policies for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, with inadequate follow-up of prenatal and maternity protocols.

Lingual Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Toxin - A Case Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
MA Hayee ◽  
QD Mohammad ◽  
H Rahman ◽  
M Hakim ◽  
SM Kibria
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lingual Dystonia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray

A 42-year-old female presented in Neurology Department of Sir Salimullah Medical College with gradually worsening difficulty in talking and eating for the last four months. Examination revealed dystonic tongue, macerated lips due to continuous drooling of saliva and aspirated lungs. She had no history of taking antiparkinsonian, neuroleptics or any other drugs causing dystonia. Chest X-ray revealed aspiration pneumonia corrected later by antibiotics. She was treated with botulinum toxin type-A. Twenty units of toxin was injected in six sites of the tongue. The dystonic tongue became normal by 24 hours. Subsequent 16 weeks follow up showed very good result and the patient now can talk and eat normally. (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 75-78)

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