An experimental study of nonlinear rate-dependent behaviour of skeletal muscle to obtain passive mechanical properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-602
Author(s):  
Sanaz S Hashemi ◽  
Masoud Asgari ◽  
Akbar Rasoulian
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Nonlinear Behaviour ◽  
Muscle Properties ◽  
Dependent Behaviour

Accurate modelling of biological tissues has been a significant need for analysis of the human body. In this article, a comprehensive in vitro experimental study has been done on the fresh bovine skeletal muscle before the onset of rigour mortis in order to provide an experimental description of passive skeletal muscle properties in three dimensions. Different situations including various deformation modes, different loading rates and loading directions are tested to consider all features of skeletal muscle behaviour. Based on the nonlinear continuum mechanics, a three-dimensional visco-hyperelastic model is introduced which considers all aspects of skeletal muscle’s features such as nonlinear hyperelastic, time-dependent behaviour, anisotropy and quasi-incompressibility. Visco-hyperelastic material constants are obtained for passive behaviour of the muscle based on genetic algorithm optimization method via comparing the theoretical and experimental results. Experiments show that the rate of loading affects the configuration of experimental curves considerably. It could be also concluded that compression–tension asymmetry, as well as anisotropic behaviour, of the muscle is due to fibres orientation. Obtained experimental results help to achieve a better understanding of mechanical properties and nonlinear behaviour of the skeletal muscles.

Novel Strategy of the Determination of Mechanical Properties of Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate W. Boekhoven ◽  
Richard G. P. Lopata ◽  
Marcel C. M. Rutten ◽  
Marc R. H. M. van Sambeek ◽  
Frans N. van de Vosse
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Unstable Plaques ◽  
Set Up

Carotid endarterectomy is the procedure of choice in patients with a recent symptomatic stenosis of 70–99%. Currently, the selection of candidates eligible for carotid endarterectomy is based on stenosis size only. However, the treatment is only beneficial for patients with unstable plaques, which comprises only 16% of the patient population [1]. Hence, identifying plaque stability at an early stage would permit timely intervention, while substantially reducing overtreatment of stable plaques. The objective of this study is to distinguish between stable and unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaques by determining the plaque geometry, the plaque composition and the mechanical properties of plaque components in three dimensions (3D). Mechanical properties from healthy vessels were assessed earlier by van den Broek et al. [2] using ultrasound (US) imaging. They obtained a dynamic dataset in 2D + t. When blood pressure and vessel wall movement are known, mechanical properties can be extracted from these data using a constitutive model. However, atherosclerotic plaques are mostly asymmetric, and present calcifications will cause unfavorable acoustic shadowing when using US. In this study, the focus is on the assessment of plaque geometry, from in vitro echo-CT data, overcoming the aforementioned problems. In an experimental set-up (Fig. 1) both healthy and endarterectomy specimens were mounted, and exposed to physiological intraluminal pressures. Echo-CT was used to image the arterial segments in 3D+t. Automated geometry assessment of the arterial segments will be demonstrated and validated using microCT (μCT).

scholarly journals Design and construction of a novel measurement device for mechanical characterization of hydrogels: A case study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247727
Author(s):  
Shayan Shahab ◽  
Mehran Kasra ◽  
Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Collagen Gel ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Collagen Gels ◽  
Collagen Concentration

Natural biopolymer-based hydrogels especially agarose and collagen gels, considering their biocompatibility with cells and their capacity to mimic biological tissues, have widely been used for in-vitro experiments and tissue engineering applications in recent years; nevertheless their mechanical properties are not always optimal for these purposes. Regarding the importance of the mechanical properties of hydrogels, many mechanical characterization studies have been carried out for such biopolymers. In this work, we have focused on understanding the mechanical role of agarose and collagen concentration on the hydrogel strength and elastic behavior. In this direction, Amirkabir Magnetic Bead Rheometry (AMBR) characterization device equipped with an optimized electromagnet, was designed and constructed for the measurement of hydrogel mechanical properties. The operation of AMBR set-up is based on applying a magnetic field to actuate magnetic beads in contact with the gel surface in order to actuate the gel itself. In simple terms the magnetic beads leads give rise to mechanical shear stress on the gel surface when under magnetic influence and together with the associated bead-gel displacement it is possible to calculate the hydrogel shear modulus. Agarose and Collagen gels with respectively 0.2–0.6 wt % and 0.2–0.5 wt % percent concentrations were prepared for mechanical characterization in terms of their shear modulus. The shear modulus values for the different percent concentrations of the agarose gel were obtained in the range 250–650 Pa, indicating the shear modulus increases by increasing in the agar gel concentration. In addition to this, the values of shear modulus for the collagen gel increase as function of concentration in the range 240–520 Pa in accordance with an approximately linear relationship between collagen concentration and gel strength.

A study on mechanical properties after bonded repair of sandwich composite materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (07n09) ◽  
pp. 2040033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunghoon Kim ◽  
Jongrok Ha ◽  
Seongwon Yoon ◽  
Myunghyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Sandwich Composite ◽  
Bonded Repair ◽  
Patch Repairs ◽  
The Difference

In this paper, an experimental study was conducted to determine the efficiency of repair methods for sandwich composites used as hull materials in leisure ships. The method was applied to external, scarf, and step patch repairs using an epoxy bond. The load was described in terms of the hogging and sagging moments applied to the hull by waves. Static and fatigue tests were performed to derive the recovery rate of repaired specimens. The experimental results indicated that the recovery rate of specimens with the scarf patch was the highest at 91.80% when the hogging moment was applied. However, the difference in the recovery rate between hogging and sagging moments was the lowest for specimens with the step patch, and the recovery rate was high at 89.96% and 85.15%, respectively.

Experimental Study on Behaviour of Rc T-Beam Strengthened with Jute Fiber Laminates - A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-508
Author(s):  
Tharunkumar N ◽  
Anand G
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Shear Capacity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Synthetic Fibers

The present investigation addresses the external strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams using jute fiber laminates. An experimental study is mainly carried out to study the change in structural behaviour of RC T-beams using externally wrapped jute fiber laminates, to enhance the shear and flexural capacity of the beams. The effect of pattern and orientation of the strengthening fabric on the shear capacity of the strengthened beams will be examined. RC T-beams with minimum shear reinforcement is designed and then external confinement using jute fiber laminates is carried out using epoxy resin. The layer confinement is executed to study and analyze the behaviour of confined beams with respect to control beam. Experimental results showing the advantage of beam strengthened using the various lay-ups of jute fiber are to be discussed. For all developed composites, experimental results revealed that the tensile properties of the developed composites are strongly dependent on the tensile strength of jute fiber and that the tensile properties of jute fiber are very much defect sensitive. Jute as a natural fiber is eco-friendly, low cost, versatile in textile fields and has moderate mechanical properties, which replaced several synthetic fibers in development of many composite materials. However, the hydrophilic nature of the jute fiber affects the mechanical properties of the developed composites. As a result to arrest crack and improve the strength of beam.

Experimental study of strain injury-induced tissue damage and changes of mechanical properties of skeletal muscle

2004 ◽  
Vol 2004.5 (0) ◽  
pp. 13-14
Author(s):  
Daisuke ITO ◽  
Sota YAMAMOTO ◽  
Tsuyoshi TANIGUCHI ◽  
Eiichi TANAKA ◽  
Koji MIZUNO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Tissue Damage

How do neuronal and muscle-mechanical properties contribute to the performance of the “delta lognormal” model?

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
C.C.A.M. Gielen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Muscle Properties ◽  
Lognormal Model ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
To Come

Plamondon & Alimi's model will gain substantially in credibility when it is able to come up with predictions for new (rather than old) experimental results that discriminate between various models. Moreover, the present model is nothing more than a descriptive “black box,” not an explanation for motor performance. A link to the contribution of various neuronal mechanisms involved in motor control and of muscle properties to the performance of the model is crucial.

Experimental Study of Relations between Synchronous Rotor Speed and Mixing Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 501 ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
Xian Kui Zeng ◽  
Shuai An ◽  
De Wei Zhang ◽  
Dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Unit Consumption ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Rotor Structure

Rotor speed is one of the most important technical characteristics of the internal mixer. The effects of rotor speed on mixing process have been studied. In the experiments, three types of synchronous rotors which were two-wing synchronous rotor, four-wing synchronous rotor and six-wing synchronous rotor were used. The experimental results indicated that there was a proper speed of different rotor structure for mixing process. And along with the increase of rotor speed, the maximum power, the unit consumption of energy and discharging temperature increase, while the physical and mechanical properties of mixed rubber got a better value.

scholarly journals An Electromagnetic System for Inducing a Localized Force Gradient in an ECM and Its Influence on HMVEC Sprouting

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hian Hian See ◽  
Sahan C. B. Herath ◽  
Rerngchai Arayanarakool ◽  
Yue Du ◽  
Evan Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Electromagnetic System ◽  
Magnetic Forces ◽  
Subsequent Response ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial

Mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) have been observed to influence the behavior of cells. Investigations on such an influence commonly rely on using soluble cues to alter the global intrinsic ECM properties in order to study the subsequent response of cells. This article presents an electromagnetic system for inducing a localized force gradient in an ECM, and reports the experimentally observed effect of such a force gradient on in vitro angiogenic sprouting of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs). This force gradient is realized through the induction of magnetic forces on the superparamagnetic microparticle–embedded ECM ( sECM). Both analytical and statistically meaningful experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in influencing the behavior of a targeted HMVEC sprout without affecting that of other sprouts nearby. These results suggest the possibility of selectively controlling the in vitro behavior of cells by the induction of a localized force gradient in the ECM.

Experimental Study of Screw Speed Effects on Quality of Short Fiber-Rubber Composite Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Sheng Wang ◽  
De Wei Zhang ◽  
Hui Guang Bian ◽  
Xiao Bo Wang ◽  
Lei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Short Fibers ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
Rubber Composite

During the extruding process of short fiber-rubber composite material, screw speed is an important factor which influences the orientation of short fibers, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of short fiber-rubber composite material. The effects of different screw speeds on physical and mechanical properties of short fiber-rubber composite material have been studied by experimental study. In the experiments, the screw speeds were 10rpm, 15rpm, 20rpm, 25rpm and 30rpm respectively. The experimental results indicated that when the screw speed was 15rpm, the physical and mechanical properties of short fiber-rubber composite material are better.

Experimental Study of Mechanical Behavior of HPL Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 732 ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Milan Žaludek ◽  
Soňa Rusnáková ◽  
Ladislav Fojtl ◽  
Vladimír Rusnák
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
Service Load ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
Load Conditions

The paper provides experimental results from tensile and flexural tests of HPL composites. Mechanical properties of HPL laminates from four worldwide producers (Fundermax, Polyrey, Abet and Rexin) are compared. Composites are compared due to their stiffness and strength, both tensile and flexural. The exterior environment effect on mechanical behaviour of composites in service load conditions are presented too.

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