scholarly journals Co-production after an urban forest fire: post-disaster reconstruction of an informal settlement in Chile

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lautaro Ojeda ◽  
Gonzalo Bacigalupe ◽  
Andrea Pino
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Informal Settlement ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Design Workshop ◽  
Housing Reconstruction ◽  
Post Disaster

Disasters are not just the result of extreme natural events but are also affected by complex governance scenarios, social vulnerability, existing infrastructure, and housing reconstruction policies. This paper is an examination of a social housing construction process following destruction by an urban forest fire in an informal settlement in Valparaíso, Chile in 2017. The paper compares this process, in all its complexity, to that following another very destructive fire three years earlier in the same area. Rather than taking the standard hierarchical model of social housing reconstruction that often follows a disaster, this more recent process in Valparaíso, in response to a new 2016 national policy, attempted to make use of co-production, most notably through a collaborative design workshop. This paper examines the entire social housing reconstruction process, focusing in particular detail on this design workshop, and it assesses the degree to which co-production has been successfully introduced into this process.

scholarly journals Practice Framework for the Management of Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction Programmes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulquadri Bilau ◽  
Emlyn Witt ◽  
Irene Lill
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Beneficiary Community ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Housing Reconstruction ◽  
Practice Framework ◽  
Post Disaster

Despite an international consensus for housing to be “built back better” (BBB) following disasters, and the considerable resources expended on reconstruction efforts globally, the management of post-disaster housing reconstruction programmes often leaves much to be desired. This research presents a framework for the management of post-disaster housing reconstruction in developing countries based on a comprehensive identification of the issues affecting the management of reconstruction programmes and the management measures which have proved effective in mitigating these issues and achieving the desired BBB outcomes. The framework highlights the strategic importance of preparedness measures that should be taken before the next disaster strikes and the cross-cutting nature of capacity building and beneficiary community engagement measures that are essential to all stages of the post-disaster reconstruction process. The research findings are limited to developing countries, as the evidence on which they are based is almost entirely from post-disaster housing experiences in the developing world. The framework may, however, be adapted to different, specific post-disaster reconstruction contexts. This research has compiled, extended and up-dated current knowledge regarding the management of housing reconstruction programmes and it provides practical guidance for policy makers and practitioners.

scholarly journals Evolution and Recovery:  Adaptable Housing  Reconstruction in Post  Disaster Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Liam Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Major Disaster ◽  
Building Typology ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Housing Reconstruction ◽  
Disaster Scenario ◽  
Design Proposal ◽  
Post Disaster

<p>Every year disasters affect hundreds of millions of people, causing damage that can take months or years to recover from. The reality of carrying out the processes of reconstruction and recreating functionality is a complex and difficult task; too often it is measured in a time period of several years. The issue to be addressed through this research is the response of the built (or rebuilt) environment to the requirements of people who have been displaced following a major disaster. This thesis develops a building typology and process that can adapt to the changing requirements of the stages of the redevelopment process in a post‐disaster scenario. The research focuses on natural disasters, more vulnerable populations and regions and specifically on housing reconstruction. It explores the idea of a solution that can be applied widely, to many different climates and contexts; the research question then amounts to ‘can a solution be created that can ‘evolve’ to meet the needs at each stage of a post disaster reconstruction scenario?’ The thesis explores existing post‐disaster response and reconstruction models and discusses the focuses and priorities of each. The requirements of displaced people are studied, in terms of response by the built environment, and the benefits of staged development versus end product discussed. The roles that major groups, such as local authorities and NGOs, play in orchestrating the reconstruction process are discussed as well as the important, and sometimes overlooked, role that those affected by the disaster may have. The discussion and research then informs the design proposal. Four sites are selected and used as parameters for developing the built response to the first stage of reconstruction. The selected sites are then used to show how a generic shelter may first be adapted to be suitable for a specific climate and context and then how they may be added to and grown to become permanent and suitable housing for the displaced people. The staged redevelopment process from a partially generic emergency deployment presented in this thesis can provide a solution, or framework for a solution, to many of the problems raised by the research and here, but it cannot be a solution by itself; architecture or design in post‐disaster scenarios must be supported and driven heavily by planning and management from local, national and international sources to be successful and fully realised.</p>

Aid Accountability and Participatory Approaches in Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Daly ◽  
Patrick Daly ◽  
Caroline Brassard
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Aid Effectiveness ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Housing Reconstruction ◽  
Post Disaster

Abstract In the last decade, housing has become one of the most prominent and best funded sectors in large-scale post-disaster reconstruction efforts. This has especially been the case in Asian developing countries where both official and private aid helped finance a significant amount of the housing reconstruction. Despite the emphasis upon community involvement, inclusive and participatory processes for housing reconstruction by international non-governmental organizations, recent experiences show that such ideas often do not readily translate in practice on the ground. This paper analyses the necessary conditions for successful involvement by local beneficiaries in rebuilding their homes following natural disasters. The analysis is situated within the context of community recovery, and the trade-off between centralized donor planning, and community driven initiatives, using primary and secondary data collected from post-tsunami Aceh, Indonesia. The paper also discusses how various stakeholders (including recipient government and donors) evaluate and make use of the practical capacities of affected persons and communities to be involved in planning, building and monitoring processes in the housing sector. Our research focused on the level and types of roles played by the aid beneficiaries in the housing reconstruction process in Aceh. In spite of considerable rhetoric about participation and inclusive reconstruction accompanying the post-tsunami reconstruction by various donors, a number of systemic barriers created considerable distance between beneficiaries and NGOs in Aceh in the housing sector. The drive for efficiency and need to produce tangible results quickly, mixed with the sheer number of stakeholders and resources involved, created a largely top-down environment in which decisions were centralized, and arbitrary standards imposed. This was exacerbated by an extensive chain of sub-contractors, a large supply of lower-cost imported labor, and highlighted the importance of local political affiliations, leading to weak accountability and reduced aid effectiveness.

scholarly journals Time-Efficient Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction with Prefabricated Modular Structures

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharaka Gunawardena ◽  
Tuan Ngo ◽  
Priyan Mendis ◽  
Lu Aye ◽  
Robert Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Modular Construction ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Permanent Housing ◽  
The World ◽  
Housing Reconstruction ◽  
Modular Structures ◽  
Post Disaster

With many natural disasters such as earthquakes, cyclones, bushfires and tsunamis destroying human habitats around the world, post-disaster housing reconstruction has become a critical topic. The current practice of post-disaster reconstruction consists of various approaches that carry affected homeowners from temporary shelters to permanent housing. While temporary shelters may be provided within a matter of days as immediate disaster relief, permanent housing can take years to complete. However, time is critical, as affected communities will need to restore their livelihoods as soon as possible. Prefabricated modular construction has the potential to drastically improve the time taken to provide permanent housing. Due to this time-efficiency, which is an inherent characteristic of modular construction, it can be a desirable strategy for post-disaster housing reconstruction. This paper discusses how prefabricated modular structures can provide a more time-efficient solution by analysing several present-day examples taken from published post-disaster housing reconstruction processes that have been carried out in different parts of the world. It also evaluates how other features of modular construction, such as ease of decommissioning and reusability, can add value to post-disaster reconstruction processes and organisations that contribute to the planning, design and construction stages of the reconstruction process. The suitability of modular construction will also be discussed in the context of the guidelines and best practice guides for post-disaster housing reconstruction published by international organisations. Through this analysis and discussion, it is concluded that prefabricated modular structures are a highly desirable time-efficient solution to post-disaster housing reconstruction.

scholarly journals Evolution and Recovery:  Adaptable Housing  Reconstruction in Post  Disaster Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Liam Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Response ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Major Disaster ◽  
Building Typology ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Housing Reconstruction ◽  
Disaster Scenario ◽  
Design Proposal ◽  
Post Disaster

<p>Every year disasters affect hundreds of millions of people, causing damage that can take months or years to recover from. The reality of carrying out the processes of reconstruction and recreating functionality is a complex and difficult task; too often it is measured in a time period of several years. The issue to be addressed through this research is the response of the built (or rebuilt) environment to the requirements of people who have been displaced following a major disaster. This thesis develops a building typology and process that can adapt to the changing requirements of the stages of the redevelopment process in a post‐disaster scenario. The research focuses on natural disasters, more vulnerable populations and regions and specifically on housing reconstruction. It explores the idea of a solution that can be applied widely, to many different climates and contexts; the research question then amounts to ‘can a solution be created that can ‘evolve’ to meet the needs at each stage of a post disaster reconstruction scenario?’ The thesis explores existing post‐disaster response and reconstruction models and discusses the focuses and priorities of each. The requirements of displaced people are studied, in terms of response by the built environment, and the benefits of staged development versus end product discussed. The roles that major groups, such as local authorities and NGOs, play in orchestrating the reconstruction process are discussed as well as the important, and sometimes overlooked, role that those affected by the disaster may have. The discussion and research then informs the design proposal. Four sites are selected and used as parameters for developing the built response to the first stage of reconstruction. The selected sites are then used to show how a generic shelter may first be adapted to be suitable for a specific climate and context and then how they may be added to and grown to become permanent and suitable housing for the displaced people. The staged redevelopment process from a partially generic emergency deployment presented in this thesis can provide a solution, or framework for a solution, to many of the problems raised by the research and here, but it cannot be a solution by itself; architecture or design in post‐disaster scenarios must be supported and driven heavily by planning and management from local, national and international sources to be successful and fully realised.</p>

scholarly journals Geographies of Doing Nothing–Internal Displacement and Practices of Post-Disaster Recovery in Urban Areas of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Alexandra Titz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Secondary Displacement ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Durable Solutions ◽  
Post Disaster

Disaster-related internal displacement is on the rise in many countries and is increasingly becoming an urban phenomenon. For many people, as in the case of the earthquake disaster 2015 in Nepal, protracted or multiple disaster displacements are a lived reality. While the drivers of displacement are relatively well understood, significant uncertainties remain regarding the factors that trigger prolonged or secondary displacement and impede ending of displacement or achieving durable solutions. The purpose of this article is to illustrate and theorise the discourse of reconstruction and return that shapes experiences, strategies, and policies in order to gain a better understanding of the obstacles to pursuing durable solutions that are still shaping the reality of life for urban internally displaced people (IDPs) in Kathmandu Valley. I use the concepts of ‘fields of practice’ and ‘disaster justice’ to provide insights into the theorisation of the links between social inequality, structural forms of governance, and the reconstruction process itself. Findings demonstrate that the application of these concepts has great potential to expand our understanding of ‘realities of life’ and practices of IDPs, and thus contribute to a more differentiated evidence base for the development and implementation of appropriate disaster risk reduction policies and practices.

scholarly journals Analysis of Measures for Managing Issues in Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction

Buildings ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulquadri Ade Bilau ◽  
Emlyn Witt ◽  
Irene Lill
Keyword(s):  
Housing Reconstruction ◽  
Post Disaster

scholarly journals Improving the level of environmental safety in the process of the ecoenergoefficient reconstruction of the housing stock in Kiev.

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Kryvomaz ◽  
Dmytro Varavin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
Process Compliance ◽  
Housing Reconstruction

As a result of research into the state of the housing stock in Kiev and the prospects for its reconstruction, the main levels of implementation of eco-energy-efficient measures have been identified, taking into account the increasing cost / effectiveness ratio, which will include problem assessment, optimizing energy costs, eco-energy efficient housing reconstruction, application of innovative technologies. Based on the national and international experience of reconstruction and overhaul, the 6E concept is proposed, which focuses on energy efficiency, environmental safety, economy, ecology, ergonomics and aesthetics of the reconstruction process. Compliance with the basic requirements of eco-energy efficiency in the process of housing reconstruction will ensure the comfort of residents and will improve the level of environmental safety of our country. Introduction of the principles of energy efficiency in the process of reconstruction of housing stock is an integral part of Ukraine's environmental and national security, as it ensures a reduction in the negative impact on the environment and people, and also significantly reduces the waste of the construction industry.

scholarly journals Challenges Hindering the Resourcing for Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction in Gaza

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-210
Author(s):  
Nour Saleh ◽  
Adnan Enshassi ◽  
Matthias Sundermeier
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Housing Reconstruction ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
Implementing Agencies

Resourcing post-disaster housing reconstruction (PDHR) entails many drawbacks creating bottlenecks to reconstruction projects. Understanding these vulnerable issues is of utmost to identify the appropriate interventions to mitigate their effects. The devastating aggression in 2014 in Gaza Strip served as a typical example of resources hampers. Based on the quantitative approach, the research employed a self-administrated questionnaire survey to identify the most significant challenges hindering the resourcing for post-2014 aggression housing reconstruction. The questionnaire targeted 55 of the key people in the implementing agencies of post-2014 aggression housing reconstruction. The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics, through frequency distribution and effect index (EI); and using inferential statistics through one sample Wilcoxon signed rank test. Findings indicated that the challenges related to political issues have the most significant effect on resourcing the PDHR. The main key challenges are: (1) Difficulties to obtain permits from the Israeli side to flow the reconstruction materials into the Gaza Strip, (2) Insufficient funds for reconstruction efforts and (3) Refusal of the international community to contact the local de facto government. This research fills the knowledge gap relating to Gaza and provides the basis for more research on resourcing problems. This research has also extended, updated and confirmed the current knowledge regarding challenges hindering the resourcing for PDHR. The results draw attention of the implementing agencies in Gaza to the factors that creating bottlenecks to resource the reconstruction projects in order to overcome them and to mitigate their negative effects.

Resourcing challenges for post-disaster housing reconstruction: a comparative analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Chang ◽  
Suzanne Wilkinson ◽  
Regan Potangaroa ◽  
Erica Seville
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Housing Reconstruction ◽  
Post Disaster
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