Treatment of Acute Gonococcal Infections in Bangkok with a Dose Range of the New Cephalosporin, Cefodizime

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Chitwarakorn ◽  
C Wongba ◽  
E E Dagrosa ◽  
B Schinzel
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Intramuscular Dose ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Range Study

In this randomized dose range study conducted in Bangkok, 326 patients with presumed acute uncomplicated gonorrhoea were treated with a single intramuscular dose of either 0.25 g, 0.5 g, or 1.0 g of a new aminothiazole cephalosporin, cefodizime. One hundred and eighty men and 110 women were evaluable for efficacy. Pathogens were eliminated in all but 4 of these patients resulting in a cure rate of 99%, irrespective of dose, sex, or multiplicity of infected sites. A high percentage of the 290 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from the evaluable patients showed resistance to penicillin, and 40% were penicillinase producing (PPNG). The minimum inhibitory concentration of cefodizime for 90% of the PPNG strains was <0.04 mg/l. No clinically relevant adverse drug reactions were reported. This study demonstrates that a single 0.25 g dose of cefodizime is effective against both PPNG and non-PPNG strains in a geographic region characterized by high endemic antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals 133. The Changing Phenotypes and Genotypes of Invasive Pneumococcal Isolates From Children in Shenzhen During 2013–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S95-S95
Author(s):  
Yanmin Bao ◽  
Yuejie Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ermb Gene ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Sequence Types

Abstract Background The phenotypes and genotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn.) isolated from children with invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) were changed in these years. The purpose of this study was to monitor this mutation trends before the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in China. Methods Strains were isolated from children less than 14 years old between January 2013 and May 2017 in Shenzhen Children’s Hospital. Serotypes, antibiotic resistance, and genotypes of these isolates were determined using capsular swelling, E-test, and multi-locus sequence typing, respectively. Results A total of 94 Spn. strains were isolated, which belonged to 15 serotypes. The five most prevalent serotypes were 19F (25.5%), 19A (19%), 14 (17%), 23F (7.5%), and 6B (9.6%). The other two serotypes (19C and 15) were non-vaccine types. We found 42 sequence types (STs) for these isolates. The most abundant STs were ST271 (24.4%), ST876 (17%), and ST320 (10.6%), mainly related to 19F, 14, and 19A, respectively. The potential coverage of PCV13 was 87.2%. Among non-meningitis isolates, the resistance rates to penicillin and ceftriaxone were 0% and 2%. However, the meningitis isolates showed universal resistance to penicillin (80%) and ceftriaxone (20%). Most of these isolates (95.7%) were resistant to erythromycin, and 66 (70.2%) strains carried the ermB gene and 24 (25.5%) strains carried both the ermB and mefA/E genes. Serotype 19A showed the highest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for penicillin than the other serotypes, but no significant difference in penicillin MIC among the three main STs (ST271, ST320, and ST876). Conclusion The phenotypes and genotypes of invasive pneumococcal isolates from children in Shenzhen have changed with the passage of time. Compared with PCV7, PCV13 can more effectively protect Chinese children from IPDs. To some extent, these changes are possibly related to the usage of antibiotics and vaccines. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Determination of antibiotic resistance and minimum inhibitory concentration of meropenem and imipenem growth in Klebsiella strains isolated from urinary tract infection in Shahrekord educational hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Farshad Kakian ◽  
Behnam Zamzad ◽  
Abolfazl Gholipour ◽  
Kiarash Zamanzad
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and aims: Klebsiella is an opportunistic organism that is the cause of severe diseases such as pneumonia, septicemia, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). In addition, high antibiotic resistance has challenged the treatment of this bacterium. However, carbapenem antibiotics are considered as the therapeutic agents for selecting the treatment of penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. The present study aimed to determine the resistance and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of meropenem and imipenem. Methods: A total of 80 Klebsiella spp isolated from UTIs were collected in various educational wards (i.e., urology, obstetrics, and gynecology, as well as the units of infectious diseases, internal medicine, and intensive care) in different hospitals of Shahrekord. The isolates were then identified by using biochemical tests. Further, disc diffusion method was employed to determine the antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, MIC was estimated by the Epsilon-test strip. Moreover, P=Q=0.50, an error of 0.05, and an accuracy of 0.11 were considered for determining the sample size (n=80). Results: Based on the results of disc diffusion method, 24 strains were resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Additionally, the MIC was 24 (30%) by the E-test. In addition, 24 isolates had a MIC of ≥4 μg/mL for meropenem and imipenem and thus were resistant while 18 isolates were found to have a MIC of 1≤ MIC<4 μg/mL and therefore, were considered semi-sensitive (P<0.001). Conclusion: In general, Klebsiella strains were found to be resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of these strains and the selection of appropriate antibiotics can help quickly eradicate the infections caused by these bacteria. Accordingly, a waste of time, the consumption of medication, or even an increased resistance are prevented.

scholarly journals Vancomycin Intermediate MRSA Isolates Obtained from Retail Chicken Meat and Eggs Collected at Pokhara, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Surya Prasad Devkota ◽  
Ashmita Paudel ◽  
Krishna Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Animal Isolates

Antimicrobial resistance among food animal isolates is increasing as a result of their uncontrolled uses. The monitoring of antibiotic resistance among these isolates is very necessary. S aureus was isolated from eggshells and chicken meat samples collected from different retail outlets of the Pokhara metropolitan. Samples were inoculated on Mannitol salt agar aseptically and inoculated overnight. Isolated yellow colonies were further examined by Gram-staining, catalase, and coagulase test to detect S aureus. Methicillin resistance was screened using cefoxitin disc. Vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) isolates were determined by the agar dilution method following CLSI guidelines. 139 S aureus were isolated from 205 samples. Among them, 89 were from egg samples (out of 125 samples) and 50 from chicken (out of 80 samples). The overall prevalence of MRSA was 12.94%. Antibiotic resistance was significantly higher in MRSA isolates compared to Methicillin sensitive S aureus (MSSA) isolates. The highest rate of resistance was noted for ampicillin, amoxicillin, and erythromycin while the least resistance was noted for gentamicin and amikacin. Vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of the MRSA isolates was 0.25-8μg/ml indicating the detection of both vancomycin-intermediate and sensitive isolates from the samples. This is the first study reporting vancomycin-intermediate S aureus (VISA) isolates from Nepal and indicates the increasing drug resistance among animal isolates. Further surveillance studies about the transmission of these pathogens to humans as well as detail molecular analyses are imminent.

scholarly journals A Study on High and Low level Drug Resistance Pattern Among Clinical Isolates of Enterococci .

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1189-1196
Author(s):  
Reena Rajan ◽  
D Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

Introduction: The combined abilities of colonisation and both inherent and acquired resistance have made Enterococci a significant human pathogen. Aims and Objectives: This study was done to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of various antibiotics against Enterococci and to correlate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Enterococci with low level and high level drug resistance. Materials and Methods: A total of 774 isolates of Enterococci obtained from various clinical samples were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of various antibiotics were determined by Vitek 2 automated system, agar dilution and E test. Results: 15 out of 774 isolates showed the presence of vancomycin resistant genes by Multiplex PCR. 10 (90.91 %) isolates out of 11 E. faecalis with van A gene showed high level resistance to Penicillin (16-64 µg/ml). 8 (72.73 %) out of 11 isolates showed high level resistance to Gentamicin (512-1024 µg/ml). 6 (54.55 %) , out of 11 isolates were resistant to β lactams. One isolate of E. faecalis from urine with van B gene showed showed high level resistance to Penicillin (32 µg/ml), Linezolid (≥ 8µg/ml), high level resistance to Gentamicin (1024 µg/ml), Fluoroquinolones (≥ 8µg/ml) and Macrolides (≥ 8µg/ml). Conclusion: Isolates of Enterococci resistant to glycopeptides, penicillin, Betalactams and aminoglycosides have important clinical implications in the treatment for infection.

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity and mutation rates to antibiotic resistance inMycoplasma mycoidesssp.mycoides

1987 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Lee ◽  
R. J. Miles ◽  
J. R. M. Inal
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Parent Strain ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Mycoplasma Mycoides ◽  
Resistant Mutants

SUMMARYThe antibiotic resistance ofMycoplasma mycoidesssp.mycoidesstrain T1was investigated. This strain was resistant to high levels ( > 100 μg ml−1) of rifampicin and nalidixic acid. It was sensitive to streptomycin, spectinomycin and novobiocin; however, single step mutants with high levels of resistance ( > 100 μg ml−1) were readily isolated. With erythromycin and tylosin for which the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the parent strain was < 0·1 μg ml−1, mutants resistant to > 100 μg ml−1were obtained in two and three steps respectively. The MIC of tetracycline in single step resistant mutants (0·6 μg ml−1) was tenfold higher than the parent strain, but could not be increased further. There was only a twofold increase in resistance to chloramphenicol in single step mutants. The frequency of resistant mutants varied with the antibiotic and was between 4× 10minuss;6and 2× 10−8. The mutation rate to antibiotic resistance to streptomycin, spectinomycin, novobiocin, erythromycin and tylosin was between 3× 10−8and 5× 10−9per cell per generation. There was a fivefold decrease in mutation rate to resistance to 60 μg ml−1streptomycin compared to that to 20 μg ml−1.

scholarly journals Drug-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes: a case report of pyoderma and cellulitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Pieretti ◽  
Benedetta Canovari ◽  
Marco Moretti ◽  
Carlo Pieretti ◽  
Enzo Pazzaglia
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin

In the last years there has been worldwide an increase in the incidence of <em>Streptococcus</em> <em>pyogenes</em> infections and its sequelae. The purpose of the present study is to describe a clinical case of pyoderma and cellulitis by <em>S. pyogenes</em> with a pattern of resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and levofloxacin. Antimicrobial susceptibility was analysed by automated method of disk diffusion while E-test method was used to verify the minimum inhibitory concentration to penicillin, erythromycin and levofloxacin. Although penicillin remains the first-choice treatment for <em>S. pyogenes</em> infection, worldwide antibiotic resistance and the associated phenotypes are highly variable across countries. This case report strengthens the need for continued surveillance to obtain further insights into the forces governing resistance in <em>S. pyogenes.</em>

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Staphylococcus aureus using zinc phthalocyanine and zinc phthalocyanine-integrated TiO2 nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayça Tunçel ◽  
İsmail Öztürk ◽  
Mine Ince ◽  
Kasim Ocakoglu ◽  
Mine Hoşgör-Limoncu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
High Light ◽  
Zinc Phthalocyanine ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Light Emitting

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing healthcare problem worldwide. In the present study, the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) of ZnPc and ZnPc-integrated TiO2 nanoparticles (ZnPc-TiO[Formula: see text] were investigated against Staphylococcus aureus. A light emitting diode (LED) (630–700 nm, 17.4 mW/cm[Formula: see text] was used on S. aureus at different light doses (8 J/cm2 for 11 min, 16 J/cm2 for 22 min, 24 J/cm2 for 33 min) in the presence of the compounds under the minimum inhibitory concentration values. Both compounds showed similar phototoxicity toward S. aureus when high light doses (16 and 24 J/cm[Formula: see text] were applied. In addition, the success of APDT increased with an increasing light dose.

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