Determination of antibiotic resistance and minimum inhibitory concentration of meropenem and imipenem growth in Klebsiella strains isolated from urinary tract infection in Shahrekord educational hospitals

Background and aims: Klebsiella is an opportunistic organism that is the cause of severe diseases such as pneumonia, septicemia, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). In addition, high antibiotic resistance has challenged the treatment of this bacterium. However, carbapenem antibiotics are considered as the therapeutic agents for selecting the treatment of penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. The present study aimed to determine the resistance and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of meropenem and imipenem. Methods: A total of 80 Klebsiella spp isolated from UTIs were collected in various educational wards (i.e., urology, obstetrics, and gynecology, as well as the units of infectious diseases, internal medicine, and intensive care) in different hospitals of Shahrekord. The isolates were then identified by using biochemical tests. Further, disc diffusion method was employed to determine the antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, MIC was estimated by the Epsilon-test strip. Moreover, P=Q=0.50, an error of 0.05, and an accuracy of 0.11 were considered for determining the sample size (n=80). Results: Based on the results of disc diffusion method, 24 strains were resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Additionally, the MIC was 24 (30%) by the E-test. In addition, 24 isolates had a MIC of ≥4 μg/mL for meropenem and imipenem and thus were resistant while 18 isolates were found to have a MIC of 1≤ MIC<4 μg/mL and therefore, were considered semi-sensitive (P<0.001). Conclusion: In general, Klebsiella strains were found to be resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of these strains and the selection of appropriate antibiotics can help quickly eradicate the infections caused by these bacteria. Accordingly, a waste of time, the consumption of medication, or even an increased resistance are prevented.

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Antibacterial Activities of Some Schiff Bases Involving Thiosemicarbazide and Ketones

International Letters of Chemistry Physics and Astronomy ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.26.53 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 53-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S.M.S. Shariar ◽

M. Jesmin ◽

M.M. Ali

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Schiff Bases ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method

Three Schiff bases derived from thiosemicarbazide and ketones (Vanillin, Benzophenone and Acetophenone) were used to study their antibacterial activities against some pathogenic bacteria by disc diffusion method. Of these, benzophenone thiosemicarbazone showed significant antibacterial activity as compared with that of Kanamycin. All these three compounds were found to possess cytotoxic effect. Minimum inhibitory concentration of these compounds was also determined.

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Evaluation of anticonvulsant, antimicrobial and hemolytic activity of Aitchisonia rosea

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v10i4.24153 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 980

Author(s):

Shahid Rasool ◽

Farrukh Zia Khan ◽

Mobasher Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Anticonvulsant Effect ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Hemolytic Effect ◽

Antimicrobial Assay

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anticonvulsant, antimicrobial and hemolytic effect of Aitchisonia rosea. The anticonvulsant effect was studied at doses 400 and 800 mg/kg against pentylenetetrazole, strychnine and picrotoxin-induced seizures in albino mice. The antimicrobial assay was conducted by disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration. Hemolytic effect was analyzed by reported method. Phenolic compounds present in the n-butanol fraction of the plant were estimated by HPLC. The plant showed maximum response against drug-induced convulsions and provided protection to animals at both doses. It also showed maximum zone of inhibition and highly significant MIC against all bacterial and fungal strains. The plant protected the RBCs from hemolysis. The highest amount of phenolics found was caffeic acid (7.5 ± 0.04).

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An automated and portable antimicrobial susceptibility testing system for urinary tract infections

Lab on a Chip ◽

10.1039/d0lc01315c ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 755-763

Author(s):

Kuo-Wei Hsu ◽

Wen-Bin Lee ◽

Huey-Ling You ◽

Mel S. Lee ◽

Gwo-Bin Lee

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Microfluidic System ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽

Testing System ◽

Tract Infections

A portable, integrated microfluidic system capable of automatically conducting antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements using urine samples were developed.

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Urinary tract infections and antibiotic susceptibility among the patients attending B & D hospital of Lalitpur, Nepal

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v7i5.14908 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 47-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yadav Prasad Joshi ◽

Shreejeet Shrestha ◽

Russell Kabir ◽

Anita Thapa ◽

Parbati Upreti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tract Infections

Background:Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infections in humans and serious health problem in many parts of the world. It has become more complicated in treatment due to different pathogens and increasing resistant to antimicrobial agents. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infection and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogens among the patients attending in B & B hospital Nepal.Materials and Methods:A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in between April 2010 to March 2011. Urine samples were collected from clinically suspected patients and tested bacteriologically using standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for isolated pathogen using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results:Out of 1260 examined specimens 25.24 % were positive and majority 61.64% were females. The most common pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (66.67%), Enterococcus (7.55%) and Staphylococcus (6.60 %). The drug resistant among the positive cases were reported. The highest resistant of positive cases was found with Cefexime (87.88%) and Enterococcus with Ampicillin (66.67%) and Staphyllococcus with Cloxacillin (66.67%). The highest susceptibility was for Vancomycin and Ampicillin i.e. 33.33% in each.Conclusion:The findings showed that E. coli isolates were the predominant pathogen and the presence of bacterial isolates with very high resistance to the commonly prescribed drugs. As drug resistance among bacterial pathogens is an evolving process and serious issue. Therefore, routine surveillance and monitoring studies should be conducted to provide physicians knowledge on the updated and most effective empirical treatment of UTIs. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(5) 2016 47-51

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Prevalence of antibiotic resistance and blaIMP-1 gene among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from burn and urinary tract infections in Isfahan, central Iran

Microbiology Research ◽

10.4081/mr.2017.7295 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Naeimeh Sadat Hashemi ◽

Meysam Mojiri ◽

Parivash Yazdani Kachouyi ◽

Shiva Eskandari ◽

Mehrsa Mohammadian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Tract Infections

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens responsible for various types of hospital infections. High prevalence of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa strains of human clinical samples cause more severe diseases for a longer period of time. The current research was done in order to study the distribution of blaIMP-1 gene among the imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains isolated from burn and urinary tract infections of hospitalized patients. Two-hundred and forty-three P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from the cases of burn and urinary tract infections of inpatients and outpatients were analysis for antibiotic resistance pattern using the disk diffusion method. Then, imipenem-resistant isolates were further analyzed for distribution of blaIMP-1 gene using the PCR. Of 243 P. aeruginosa isolates, 146 strains (60.08%) were taken from outpatients and 97 strains (39.91%) were taken from inpatients. P. aeruginosa isolates harbored the highest levels of resistance against streptomycin (100%), nalidixic acid (100%), aztreonam (100%), cotrimoxazole (95.47%), ciprofloxacin (88.47%), cefotaxime (84.36%) and gentamycin (83.95%). Inpatients had a relatively higher levels of antibiotic resistance. One-hundred and twenty-one out of 126 (96.03%) imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates harbored the blaIMP-1 gene. Inpatients also had a relatively higher prevalence of blaIMP-1 gene. High prevalence of blaIMP-1 gene and also imipenemresistant P. aeruginosa are important public health issue. Clinical laboratories should consider the detection of the blaIMP-1 gene among the P. aeruginosa isolates of clinical samples.

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Screening of the antimicrobial activity of marine sponge extracts from Martinique

10.1101/2021.02.16.431398 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julie Piron ◽

Jessica Pastour ◽

Niklas Tysklind ◽

Juliette Smith-Ravin ◽

Fabienne Priam

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Staphylococcus Saprophyticus

AbstractMarine sponges are known for their antimicrobial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activity. In this study, the activity of aqueous and ethanoic extracts of 3 sponges from Martinique were tested on 5 bacterial strains: Bascillus cereus (CIP 783), Echerichia coli (CIP 54127), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CIP A22), Staphylococcus aureus (CIP 67.8) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (CIP 76125). The antimicrobial activity of Agelas clathrodes, Desmapsamma anchorata, and Verongula rigida, was demonstrated using the disc diffusion method and by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration. The ethanoic extract of Agelas clathrodes had an inhibitory activity specifically on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. No activity was observed for the other extracts. Further chemical analyses will be carried out in order to identify the active molecules of these sponges.

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Determination of the carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from samples obtained from Shahrekord hospitals and determination of their minimum inhibitory concentration

Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.34172/jsums.2019.49 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 280-283

Author(s):

Farshad Kakian ◽

Behnam Zamanzad ◽

Abolfazle Gholipour ◽

Kiarash Zamanzad

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

Test Strip ◽

Major Step ◽

Accurate Identification ◽

E Coli ◽

Tract Infections

Background and aims: Carbapenems are the final-line treatments for multidrug-resistant, gram-negative infections. The patterns of resistance to carbapenems among hospital bacterial pathogens vary widely across different hospitals in a country. Considering that Escherichia coli is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections, it is essential to study its drug resistance. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, a total of 80 samples of E. coli isolated from inpatients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) were collected in different wards (i.e., women, urology, infectious, and ICU) of Shahrekord hospitals. After the diagnosis and confirmation of bacteria by standard bacteriological methods, their sensitivity to imipenem and meropenem was investigated by the antibiogram (diskdiffusion) method. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the E-test strip according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standard. Results: In this study, resistance to meropenem and imipenem by antibiogram (disc diffusion) was observed in 21 (25.26%) and 20 (25%) of the isolates, respectively. Twenty isolates had MIC ≥4 μg/mL for meropenem, 13 isolates demonstrated MIC≥4 μg/mL for imipenem, and 14 isolates had 1≤MIC<4 μg/mL and were semi-sensitive. Conclusion: In general, E. coli had significant resistance to carbapenems. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of these strains can be a major step to the treatment and control of these strains and prevention of the spread of the resistance.

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Gölbaşı ve Azaplı Göllerinden (Adıyaman) İzole Edilen Bakterilerin Tiplendirilmesi ve Çoklu Antibiyotik Dirençliliklerinin Araştırılması

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v5i1.43-47.819 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Fikret Büyükkaya Kayış ◽

Sadık Dinçer ◽

Fatih Matyar ◽

Hatice Aysun Mercimek Takcı ◽

Melis Sümengen Özdenefe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Seasonal Changes ◽

Reference Value ◽

Summer Season ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative

Identification and multiple antibiotic resistances of amphicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and tetracycline resistant gram-negative bacteria that isolated microorganisms from Gölbaşı and Azaplı lakes (Adiyaman) were investigated in this study. Seasonally taken isolates of totally 386 bacteria in 10 different species from 7 genera were scanned against 16 antibiotics [gentamycin, imipenem, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, meropenem, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, penicillin, cephalothin, cefazolin, cefpirome, ceftizoxime, cefuroxime, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (Bioanalyse)] by using the disc diffusion method to determine the prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance. Multiple antibiotic resistance of stations showed seasonal changes between 0.29 and 0.91. In generally, multiple antibiotic resistance in Golbasi and Azapli lakes were higher than the reference value and highest multiple antibiotic resistance values were obtained at summer season (3th period). When the obtained data are considered, high multiple antibiotic resistance poses a risk in terms of public health and for economically important animals.

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Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Acinetobacter Isolated from Patients Admitted in ICUs in Mazandaran, Northern Iran

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v8n11p112 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roya Ghasemian ◽

Mohammad Ahanjan ◽

Ebrahim Fatehi ◽

Mehran Shokri

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Test Method ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Antibiotic Resistant

BACKGROUND & PURPOSE: Antibiotic resistance rate is increasing in Acinetobacter species, especially in Acinetobacter baumannii, as the most important pathogen of hospital and ICU . This research aimed to evaluate antibiotic resistant rate of Acinetobacter spp. isolated from patients admitted to ICUs in educational hospitals affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.METHODS: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 50 Acinetobacter isolates were collected during 2013- 2014. After confirming Acinetobacter species, antibacterial sensitivity test was done using disc diffusion method and minimal inhibitor concentration (MIC) was evaluated by E-test in all isolates.RESULTS: Disc diffusion method revealed that 100% of isolates were resistant to Amikacin and Cefepim and 96% were resistant to both Meropenem and Ciprofloxacin antibiotics, 6% were sensitive, 18% were intermediate and 76% were resistant to imipenem. Also, 84% of isolates were sensitive and 16% were resistant to colistin. In E-test method, 92% of isolates were sensitive and 8% were resistant to colistin. Moreover, an isolate was sensitive, one was intermediate and the remaining isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 100% of isolates were resistant to other antibiotics in E-test. Over 96% of Acinetobacter isolates were resistant to the antibiotics frequently used in ICU (ciprofloxacin, meropenem, amikacin, and cefepim). Colistin was found as the only appropriate antibiotic that could be used for patients in ICU.CONCLUSION: We hope these results could change the attitude of physicians toward using antibiotics in ICUs and encourage them to follow antibiotic stewardship as the only effective strategy to somewhat control antibiotic resistances.

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Manumycin-type Derivatives from a Streptomyces sp. Associated with Meson Bee Osmia cornifrons

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801300605 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801300

Author(s):

Zhe Wang ◽

Ai-Hong Peng ◽

Dan-Dan Lu ◽

Ya-Jie Song ◽

Cheng-Lei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Streptomyces Sp ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

Mic Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

Two new manumycin-type derivatives named as cornifronin A and cornifronin B, and one known analogue antibiotic SW-B were isolated from the liquid fermentation of Streptomyces sp. OC1401 obtained from body surface of a meson bee Osmia cornifrons. The structures of all isolates were identified by spectroscopic methods (HRESIMS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR) and comparison with literature data. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of these manumycin-type derivatives were evaluated by disc diffusion method and more accurate data on the antibacterial activity were obtained through the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimal bactericidal concentration) values.

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