scholarly journals Looking on the bright side: Positivity discourse, affective practices and new femininities

2021 ◽  
pp. 095935352110307
Author(s):  
Octavia Calder-Dawe ◽  
Margaret Wetherell ◽  
Maree Martinussen ◽  
Alex Tant
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Service Workers ◽  
Emotional Management ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Bright Side ◽  
Cultural Formations ◽  
Everyday Living

From policy to personal practice, injunctions to harness the positive effects of positive affects are pulsing through global emotion regimes. Scholarship tracing this phenomenon links the push for positivity – and other seemingly “entrepreneurial” affects – to neoliberal cultural formations. Within and beyond psychology, feminist analyses are highlighting the gendered address of these formations and their imbrication with contemporary femininities. While this raises important questions about the gendered implications of positivity imperatives, an absence of fine-grained empirical work means little is known regarding how positivity discourse is taken up and lived out. We draw from interviews with 24 women facing distinctive emotional management demands (influencers, mothers and service workers) to investigate how positivity inflects everyday living. Our analysis presents two affective–discursive repertoires that participants drew on to explain positivity: positivity as attractive relationality and positivity as agentic cognitive style. We also identified four figures who are central to positivity talk, and three affective– discursive practices linked to positivity: keeping emotions in check, virtuously declining negativity and triumphant positivity. We conclude that, while offering new and appealing feeling positions, positivity discourse may also reaffirm profoundly unequal patterns of emotional practice and regulation.

scholarly journals Prosocial Identities and Youth Violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongmin Na ◽  
Ray Paternoster
Keyword(s):  
Youth Violence ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Mediation Processes

Objective: Despite a recent surge of interest in the important role that identity change plays in the desistance process, much of the empirical work has been qualitative and conducted with small samples, usually of serious adult offenders. Drawing on a nationally representative sample of adolescents in South Korea, this study explores how the development of their prosocial identity is related to their own social bond and network and collectively how this process relates to a downward trend in violent behavior. Method: Negative binomial random effects models were estimated to assess the within-individual effects of the proposed predictor and mediators on the outcome variable. Then, longitudinal path analyses were conducted to explore the overall and specific mediation processes. Conclusion: First, there is an inverse relationship between prosocial identity and violent behavior across time. Second, our own identity of self might not be entirely a social construction based on others’ appraisals but is intimately connected to the actions that we intentionally take. Third, positive effects of a prosocial identity on subsequent violence are mediated primarily by the avoidance of association with delinquent peers. Theoretical implications and limitations are discussed.

The Effect of Residential Mobility on Student Performance: Evidence From New York City

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1380-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Cordes ◽  
Amy Ellen Schwartz ◽  
Leanna Stiefel
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
York City ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Positive Effects

Residential mobility is likely to have consequences for student performance, but prior empirical work is largely correlational and offers little insight into its impacts. Using rich, longitudinal data, we estimate the effects of residential mobility on the performance of New York City public school students. Using both student fixed effects and instrumental variables approaches, we find that long-distance moves have negative effects, while short-distance moves improve student performance. These differential effects are partially, but not fully, explained by school mobility. Rather, the positive effects of short-distance moves may be explained by improvements in housing, while the negative impacts of long-distance moves may be explained by lower performance relative to school peers and loss of social capital.

Spirituality and the negative and positive effects of traumatic experiences in a group of emergency service workers

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Ogińska-Bulik ◽  
Magdalena Zadworna-Cieślak
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Service Workers ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Emergency Service Workers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: Studies concerning the importance of spirituality on the negative and positive effects of traumatic experiences are very rare. Our study attempts to determine the role of spirituality in posttraumatic stress disorders, approached as a negative result of facing traumatic events, and profiting from such experiences in the form of posttraumatic growth. Method: The study covered 116 emergency service workers (only men), including 43 firefighters (37.1%), 43 police officers (37.1%) and 30 paramedics (25.8%), who experienced a traumatic event in their line of work. Those surveyed were between 21 and 57 years of age (M = 35.28; SD = 8.13). The Impact of Event Scale was used to assess the negative effects of traumatic experience, and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for assessing the positive effects. Spirituality was measured using the Selfdescription Questionnaire. Results: 61.2% of the workers displayed at least moderate symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, whereas 38.8% displayed low intensity symptoms. Taking into consideration the positive effects of experienced traumatic events, it was discovered that almost 40% of those surveyed displayed low levels of posttraumatic growth, 34.5% average and 25.8% high. Correlation analysis was been performed to establish the relation between spirituality and posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth. Posttraumatic growth predictors were determined. Conclusions: Study results show that spirituality is not related to the intensification of posttraumatic stress symptoms, whereas it contributes to positive posttraumatic changes. Among different aspects of spirituality, harmony plays a major role.

scholarly journals City as Flux: Interrogating the Changing Nature of Urban Change

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Aseem Inam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Las Vegas ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

What do we mean by the changing nature of urban change? First of all, in the 20th and 21st centuries, cities have been changing in different and dramatic ways, whether through grassroots mobilizations, through technological leaps, or through profit-driven speculations. Second, our understanding of how cities change has also been evolving, in particularly through empirical work that challenges the broad-brush universalizations of conventional thinking. The authors of the six selected articles take us through an around-the-world tour of cities and regions that range from Mulhouse in France to Dakar in Senegal to Las Vegas in the United States to Bogota in Colombia and beyond. Each author carefully examines the nature of urban change and how planners, developers, and citizens are either dealing with that change or even shaping it. Together, what the articles suggest is that we need a more fine-grained understanding of the city as flux in order to obtain better theoretical insights as well as urban practices that can better manage and ultimately shape urban change to benefit citizens, especially those who are marginalized.

Validity Issues in Cognitive-Behavioral Case Formulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory H. Mumma
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Causal Model ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Statistical Prediction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Case Formulation ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity

Despite considerable interest and growth in methods to develop or generate cognitive behavioral case formulations (CBCFs), relatively little conceptual and empirical work has focused on the validation or testing of these formulations. A case formulation can be regarded as an idiographic theory of the person and his or her life situation. This complex set of clinical judgments consists of a measurement model including the behavior problems or distress constructs and how they are measured; and a causal model involving variables such as thoughts or beliefs hypothesized to trigger and maintain this person’s distress or dysfunction. This article describes four types of validity issues in CBCF and how these validity issues can be evaluated using person-specific, intraindividual data collected daily or multiple times a day. Specific topics include the evaluation of content and construct (convergent and discriminant) validity for the measurement model, and the evaluation of predictive and treatment-related validity for the causal model. One goal of the person-specific evaluation of CBCF validity is to develop an intraindividual statistical prediction model that has the advantages of actuarial prediction yet is fine-grained and tailored to the specific issues and life circumstances of greatest relevance for a particular individual. Greater attention to evaluation of validity issues in CBCF is important for future research comparing formulation-based to manualized treatment. Implications and applications to clinical practice and training are discussed.

Ethnic Violence Across Space

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Mueller ◽  
Dominic Rohner ◽  
David Schönholzer
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Spatial Decay ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Bright Side

Abstract Spatial analyses focus to a large extent on the ‘bright side of proximity’, namely voluntary (positive-sum) interactions such as, e.g., in trade and innovation. In contrast, the violent ‘dark side of proximity’ has often been overlooked. To address this gap, we study the role of spatial proximity in ethnic conflict, developing a structural model of spatial violence in which ethnic groups recruit fighters strategically across space. The spatial decay of violence determines the equilibrium placement of fighters and drives specific spatial patterns of conflict. The structural parameters of the model are estimated using fine-grained data on ethnic groups and violence from 24 ethnically divided countries. We find that in more than half of these, spatial decay is substantial: half of all ethnic violence dissipates after 350km. Violence is asymmetric, is higher near ethnic borders and typically originates from outside a location. Counterfactual estimates suggest that setting up barriers would reduce violence but pacifying groups suffering from grievances would often be more effective.

Determinants of Islamic banking growth: an empirical analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamsir Cham
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
World Bank Enterprise Survey ◽  
Enterprise Survey ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to examine the determinants of growth rate in Islamic banking using annual time series data. Design/methodology/approach The author applied several econometrics methods including generalized linear model and survey-based indicators. The author uses the World Bank Enterprise Survey data to supplement the answers. Findings The results support the view that high oil prices, stable domestic prices, higher educated populace and greater presence of capital resources have positive effects on growth in Islamic banking. The findings, however, revealed that instability adversely affects Islamic banking growth. The author found no clear conclusion on the impact of economic growth, greater presence of Muslim population and presence of sharia in the legal system of the country on growth in Islamic banking. The major constraints impeding Islamic banking growth include regulations, tax rates and skilled labor force. Originality/value There is no empirical work that has been done on the determinants of Islamic banking growth by taking into account the following factors: oil price dynamics, sharia compliant, macroeconomic variables, instability and World Bank Enterprise survey. This paper attempts to search for the push and pull factors of Islamic banking growth to fill the gap in determining the Islamic banking growth.

scholarly journals Exploring the psychological attributes underpinning elite sports coaching

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hodgson ◽  
Joanne Butt ◽  
Ian Maynard
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Emotional Understanding ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Emotional Management ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Psychological Attributes ◽  
Coaching Effectiveness

The influential role of the coach in athlete performance and development has long been acknowledged, and coaches are now considered ‘performers’, just like their athletes. The purpose of the present study was to explore the psychological attributes elite coaches perceived to underpin their ability to coach most effectively and factors perceived to influence attribute development. Qualitative research methods were implemented where 12 elite coaches (eight male, four female) participated in semi-structured interviews. Inductive thematic analysis generated nine higher order themes related to psychological attributes: (a) attitude, (b) confidence, (c) resilience, (d) focus, (e) drive for personal development, (f) being athlete-centred, (g) emotional awareness, (h) emotional understanding, and (i) emotional management. In addition, three higher order themes were generated related to factors perceived to influence attribute development: (a) education, (b) experience, and (c) conscious self-improvement. Findings indicated that several attributes perceived to be essential to coaching effectiveness related to the emotional nature of coaching, where coaches’ abilities to identify, understand, and manage emotions in both themselves and others had many positive effects.

The Path of the Boomerang: Human Rights Campaigns, Third-Party Pressure, and Human Rights

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Giacobbe Allendoerfer ◽  
Amanda Murdie ◽  
Ryan M Welch
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Military Interventions ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Human Rights Organizations ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract How can information campaigns of nongovernmental human rights organizations (HROs) to “name and shame” human rights violators improve human rights conditions? Is the effect direct—does HRO targeting induce violating states to change their behavior? Or is the effect indirect—does pressure by third parties mediate the relationship between HRO actions and changes in human rights practices? The boomerang and spiral models suggest HRO activity provokes third parties, such as other states and international organizations, to pressure violating states. This pressure, in turn, drives violating states to improve human rights conditions. On the other hand, recent empirical work finds third-party pressure can further degrade human rights conditions. In this paper we provide a comprehensive analysis of how these individual factors—HRO activities and pressure from third parties—work together in the larger chain of causal events influencing human rights conditions. Using a causal mediation model, we examine whether HRO campaigning improves human rights directly or if the effect is mediated by costs imposed by powerful actors through sanctions and military interventions. We find that, although HRO activities have an overall positive effect on human rights conditions, the negative effects of third-party pressure somewhat diminish the positive effects.

Refining the relation between cause-related marketing and consumers purchase intentions

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Ferraris ◽  
Manlio Del Giudice ◽  
Balakrishna Grandhi ◽  
Valentina Cillo
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Collectivist Culture ◽  
Moderator Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cause Related Marketing ◽  
Moderator Effects ◽  
And Gender

Purpose Cause-related marketing (CRM) is an ever growing marketing strategy developed by companies that may result in a win-win-win strategy for business, non-profit organizations and society. However, the specific relationship between CRM and consumers purchase intentions (PI) has been analyzed in a fragmented way within the mainstream literature. Grounding on this, the purpose of this paper is to give a more comprehensive and fine grained view of this phenomenon, testing the effect of several moderators on the relationships between CRM and consumers PI in two different countries. Design/methodology/approach The sample consists of 234 Italian (individualistic culture) and 164 Brazilian (collectivist culture) consumers surveyed online. Ordinary least squares analysis has been carried out in order to test the moderator effects hypothesized. Findings Regarding Italian respondents, the author found positive evidence for moderator effects of the perception of CRM goal achievement (GA), brand-fit (BF) and gender. On the contrary, the author did not find a significant moderator effect of brand-use, while the author found it significant but negative for Brazilian respondents. Moreover, the author found that the perception of CRM GA does not moderate the aforementioned relationship for Brazilians while BF and gender still have positive effects. Originality/value A more fine grained picture of the CRM–PI relationships have been provided through the empirical test of several moderators, finding different effects in individualistic (Italians) and collectivist culture (Brazilians), thus deriving interesting implications in the international marketing field of research.

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