Incidence of adverse drug reactions induced by N-acetylcysteine in patients with acetaminophen overdose

Background: Intravenous N-acetylcysteine (IV-NAC) is widely recognized as the antidote of choice for acetaminophen overdose. However, its use is not without adverse drug reactions (ADR) that might affect therapeutic outcome or lead to treatment delay. Objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the type and incidence of ADR induced by IV-NAC in patients treated for acetaminophen overdose. Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients admitted to the hospital for acute acetaminophen overdose over a period of 4 years (1 January 2005 to 31 December 2008). The primary outcome of interest in this study was the occurrence of ADR during NAC administration. Pearson chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, student’s t test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used in univariate analysis. SPSS 15 was used for data analysis. Results: Two hundred and fifty five patients were studied. Different types of ADR were observed in 119 (46.7%) cases. Of those patients, 83 (69.7%) had been treated with IV-NAC versus 36 (30.3%) who had not (p < .001). The following ADR were significantly associated with IV-NAC administration: vomiting (p = .001), flushing (p < .001), rash (p < .001), pruritus (p < .001), chest pain (p = .001), bronchospasm (p = .03), coughing (p = .01), headache (p = .001), dizziness (p < .001), convulsion (p = .03), and hypotension (p = .001). ADR were mild in 54 (43.2%), moderate in 17 (13.6%), and severe in 12 (9.6%) patients. There were no ADR in 42 (33.6%) patients. Comparative results of the characteristics of patients who reacted to IV-NAC and nonreactors showed that patients with ADR had no significant difference in age, gender, ethnicity, amount ingested, latency time, and acetaminophen level than nonreactors. Conclusion: ADR to IV-NAC were common among patients with acetaminophen overdose, but mostly minor and all reported adverse reactions were easily managed.

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How Safe is Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Paracetamol Poisoning?

Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1177/102490790701400402 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 198-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

W Merl ◽

Z Koutsogiannis ◽

D Kerr ◽

AM Kelly

Keyword(s):

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Primary Outcome Measure ◽

Paracetamol Poisoning ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Paracetamol Toxicity ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Objective Paracetamol poisoning remains one of the most common and potentially lethal ingestions. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been proven to be a highly effective antidote. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of adverse drug reactions (ADR) to intravenous (IV) NAC. Our hypothesis was that IV NAC for the treatment of paracetamol toxicity has a low rate of adverse events. Methods This was an observational cohort study undertaken by explicit retrospective medical record review. It included patients who presented to the emergency department with paracetamol overdose over the ten-year period from July 1995 to June 2004. The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of an ADR during NAC administration. Adverse drug reactions were classified as minor (including flushing, urticaria, pruritus, bronchospasm, tachycardia, and non-ischaemic chest pain) and major (including hypotension, angio-oedema and death). Data analysis was by descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis using univariate analysis, Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Inter-rater agreement was checked for 9% of the sample. Results There were 470 cases of paracetamol poisoning. Of these, 320 received IV NAC. Thirty-six (11%, 95% CI 8–15%) of these patients developed ADRs. There were two major ADRs, one hypotension and one angio-oedema (0.6%, 95% CI 0.02–2%). Two patients died during hospitalisation, but neither had an ADR to NAC. The most common ADRs were urticaria (20), flushing (15), bronchospasm (12), and pruritus (3). None of the variables analysed was a clinically significant predictor of increased ADR risk. Conclusion Adverse drug reactions after IV NAC infusion occur commonly, but most are minor. Treatment of paracetamol poisoning with IV NAC appears to be safe, however a large prospective study would be required to confirm this.

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Incidence and Risk Factors for Notifiable Typhoid and Paratyphoid in Taiwan during the Period 2011–2020

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9101316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1316

Author(s):

Fu-Huang Lin ◽

Bao-Chung Chen ◽

Yu-Ching Chou ◽

Chi-Jeng Hsieh ◽

Chia-Peng Yu

Keyword(s):

Univariate Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Open Data ◽

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Imported Cases ◽

Chi Square Test

The risk of the geographic transmission of emerging infectious diseases through air travel varies greatly. In this study, we collected data on cases of food-borne diseases between the years 2011 and 2020 in Taiwan to access the epidemiological features, differences, and trends in domestic and imported cases of typhoid and paratyphoid in terms of patient sex, age, month of confirmation, and area of residence. In this study, we made use of the open data website provided by Taiwan’s Centers for Disease Control (TCDC) to extract the reported numbers of cases of typhoid and paratyphoid between January and December from 2011 to 2020 for comparison. Univariate analysis was performed using the Chi-square test for categorical variables. Fisher’s exact test was performed if an expected frequency was less than 5. A total of 226 typhoid cases and 61 paratyphoid cases were analyzed from the database. The incidences of typhoid and paratyphoid per million of the population were 0.42–2.11 and 0–0.39, respectively. There was a significant difference in the incidence of the diseases between the age groups (p= 0.019), with a gradual increase in the 20–40 years group. A distinct seasonal (between fall and spring) variation was also observed (p= 0.012). There were 34 cases of children with typhoid in the period 2011–2015 and 12 cases of children with typhoid in the period 2016–2020. During these periods, there were two cases of paratyphoid. This study indicated that the risk of children suffering from typhoid has been significantly reduced in the last five years. Furthermore, we found that more women have acquired typhoid and paratyphoid than men, and that living in the Taipei metropolitan area and the northern area was a potential risk factor. Furthermore, the number of imported cases of typhoid (n = 3) and paratyphoid (n = 0) reported during the COVID-19 pandemic was lower than that reported for the same disease from 2011 to 2020. More typhoid and paratyphoid cases were imported from Indonesia, India, Myanmar, and Cambodia. This study represents the first report on confirmed cases of acquired typhoid and paratyphoid from surveillance data from Taiwan’s CDC for the period 2011–2020. This study also demonstrates that the cases of typhoid and paratyphoid decreased in Taiwan during the COVID pandemic. Big data were used in this study, which may inform future surveillance and research efforts in Taiwan.

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The influence of varying maxillary central incisor vertical dimension on perceived smile aesthetics

Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1177/1465312519839713 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 137-142

Author(s):

Elis Janaina Lira dos Santos ◽

Alana Moura Xavier Dantas ◽

Raíssa Marçal Vilela ◽

Karina Jerônimo Rodrigues Santiago de Lima ◽

Rejane Targino Soares Beltrão

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Educational Background ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Central Incisor ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Maxillary Central Incisor ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

Objective: To evaluate patient perception of the smile focused on analysis of the upper incisors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry at Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. Participants: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (73 women and 62 men). Methods: Images with different characteristics associated with the incisal edges were shown at random and analysed using a Likert scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). Results: Smile I (difference of 1.5 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) was considered the most aesthetic, while Smile III (no difference in height between the central and lateral incisors) was the least aesthetic. A significant difference was found between perception of smile II (difference of 1 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) and age groups ( P < 0.005), with 31% (n = 13) of individuals aged 45–64 years considering smile II as not pleasant, 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years and 8.3% (n=4) aged 25–44 years and 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years considering the same. A significant difference was also found in relation to educational background of the assessor and smile perception, with smile III ( P = 0.0441) and smile IV ( P = 0.0053) considered the most aesthetic ( P = 0.0116). Conclusion: The smile considered most attractive among the sample was that with 1.5 mm steepness between the central and lateral incisors, while a flat smile arc was considered least attractive.

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Frequency of dementia among elderly admitted to a Geriatrics Inpatients Sector of a Brazilian public hospital

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-010005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 35-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rafael Thomazi ◽

Liciana Vaz de Arruda Silveira ◽

Paulo José Fortes Villas Boas ◽

Alessandro Ferrari Jacinto

Keyword(s):

Univariate Analysis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

University Hospital ◽

Chi Square ◽

Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽

Elderly Inpatients ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Student’S T ◽

Clinical Conditions

ABSTRACT Patients with dementia are commonly admitted to inpatient sectors. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of dementia among elderly inpatients admitted to the Geriatrics Sector of a Brazilian Tertiary University Hospital, and to identify associations between dementia and clinical and sociodemographic factors. Methods: All patients admitted to the Geriatrics Sector of a public Brazilian university-hospital from March 1st 2014 to January 31st 2015 were assessed by geriatricians. The patients were divided into groups "with or without diagnosis of dementia". Univariate analysis was performed between these two groups using the Chi-Square Test, Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney Test. Results: One hundred and three elderly inpatients, with a mean age of 82 (±7.9) years, were assessed. Overall, 74.7% had low educational level (<4 years), 66% used polypharmacy, 57.2% developed delirium during hospitalization and 59% were totally dependent for basic activities of daily living. The diagnosis of dementia was observed in 59 (57%) subjects. Conclusion: The frequency of dementia was high among the elderly inpatients evaluated. The association between dementia and certain clinical conditions, such as incontinence, delirium and use of psychoactive drugs, was in line with the medical literature.

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Comparison Of Full-Mouth Scaling and Quadrant-Wise Scaling in the Treatment of Adult Chronic Periodontitis

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201801715 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 296-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Caio Vinicius G. Roman-Torres ◽

Matthew S. Bryington ◽

Sergio T. Kussaba ◽

Angelica Castro Pimentel ◽

Ryo Jimbo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Culture Method ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Chi Square ◽

Microbial Detection ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Student’S T

Abstract In the search for the ideal treatment of periodontal disease various non-surgical techniques should be considered. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of full-mouth scaling (FMS) by clinical and microbiological parameters. 670 individuals were evaluated with 230 subjects meeting the selection criteria and were divided into two groups; 115 subjects treated with FMS and 115 treated with weekly sessions of scaling and root planning (SRP). The patient population had a mean age of 51.67 years, with moderate chronic periodontitis. Subjects were evaluated prior to treatment (T1) and 90 days after execution of therapy (T2), with regards to: probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and microbial detection for the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) and Prevotella intermedia (P.i.) by culture method and confirmed by biochemical tests. Subjects treated in the FMS group also rinsed with 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash for seven days following treatment. The results were analyzed using statistical Student’s t-test and chi-square test. No statistically significant differences were observed for PD and CAL between T1 and T2 in both groups. For GI and PI significant difference was observed between the groups. For the evaluated microbial parameters was observed reduction of P.g. and P.i., but only for P.g. with a significant reduction in both groups. The full mouth scaling technique with the methodology used in this study provided improved clinical conditions and reduction of P.g. in subjects with moderate periodontitis, optimizing the time spent in the therapeutic execution.

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Prognostic Value of High Thymidine Kinase Activity in Previously Untreated Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated by R-CHOP

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v120.21.1541.1541 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 120 (21) ◽

pp. 1541-1541

Author(s):

Kazuhito Suzuki ◽

Yasuhito Terui ◽

Noriko Nishimura ◽

Yuko Mishima ◽

Sakura Sakajiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prognostic Value ◽

Cell Lymphoma ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Activity Groups ◽

Large B Cell

Abstract Abstract 1541 Introduction Thymidine kinase (TK) activity has been investigated as a prognostic factor in hematological malignancies, and several studies have demonstrated that a high TK activity correlates with the disease stage and provides prognostic information on overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). However, the prognostic significance of TK activity for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with R-CHOP has not been investigated yet. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the prognostic value of high TK activity compared with other laboratory findings in evaluating OS in patients undergoing R-CHOP for previously untreated DLBCL. Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients treated with R-CHOP for previously untreated DLBCL from September 2003 to October 2008 in our institute. We evaluated serum TK activity, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and hemoglobin (Hb) before R-CHOP. The cut-off for TK activity was defined as 14 IU/L. The cut-offs for CRP and LDH were defined as the upper normal limits, and the cut-off for Hb was defined as the lower normal limit. The primary endpoint was OS. The OS and PFS were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, and biological prognostic factors for OS were evaluated by Cox regression analysis. Second, complete response (CR) rate was assessed by the chi square test and Fisher's exact test, comparing patients with and without the prognostic factors. All p-values reported were two-sided, and statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results The clinical records of 242 patients with previously untreated DLBCL were analyzed in this study. The median age of the patients was 65.2 years old (range, 23.2 – 88.1). The median levels of TK activity, CRP, LDH, and Hb were 14.0 IU/L (range, 3.0 – 1100), 0.3 IU/L (range, 0.1 – 21.2), 254.5 IU/L (range, 111.0 – 44432), and 13.1 g/dL (range, 7.7 – 17.0), respectively. Median follow-up time for all patients was 53.0 months. Median OS was 82.3 months (95% CI, 78.6 – 86.0). The OS was significantly worse in patients with high TK activity (p =.001) and anemia (p =.006) by univariate analysis. Median OS in the high and low TK activity groups was 71.7 months (95% CI 63.9 – 79.4) and 85.9 months (95% CI 81.8 – 89.9). In multivariate analysis, the OS was significantly worse in patients with high TK activity (HR 2.640, 95% CI 1.018 – 6.881; p =.046) and anemia (HR 2.228, 95% CI 1.000 – 4.967; p =.050). Median PFS was 73.9 months (95% CI, 69.4 – 78.4). The PFS was significantly worse in patients with high TK activity (p =.000), anemia (p =.005), and high LDH level (p =.010) by univariate analysis. Median PFS in the high and low TK activity groups was 57.3 months (95% CI 48.7 – 66.0) and 80.9 months (95% CI 75.5 – 86.2). In multivariate analysis, PFS was significantly worse in patients with high TK activity (HR 2.809, 95% CI 1.375 – 5.737; p =.005) and anemia (HR 1.902, 95% CI 1.033 – 3.504; p =.039). The CR and overall response rates were 81.4% and 93.0%, respectively. The OS was significantly better in patients who achieved CR than those with partial response or less. Median OS in the CR and non-CR groups was 86.1 months (95% CI 82.7 – 89.5) and 66.0 months (95% CI 53.6 – 78.3), respectively (p <.001). According to the chi square test and Fisher's exact test, the CR rates of patients with high TK activity (p <.001), high CRP (p =.004), and high LDH (p =.019) were significantly worse. The CR rates in the high and low TK activity groups were 68.9% and 92.5%, respectively. The OS for patients with high TK activity who did not achieve CR was even significantly worse than that of both low TK activity patients who did not achieve CR and high TK activity patients who achieved CR (p =.047 and <.001). However, the OS was similar in high and low TK activity group patients who achieved CR (p =.171, Figure 1). Conclusion High TK activity significantly worsened OS and PFS among patients with previously untreated DLBCL who had undergone R-CHOP. While we commonly perform R-CHOP for DLBCL as an initial treatment, our findings show that the OS becomes significantly worse in patients who do not achieve CR by R-CHOP. The OS in patients with high TK activity who did not achieve CR was significantly worse than that with both low TK activity patients who did not achieve CR and high TK activity patients who achieved CR. Our findings suggest that novel treatment strategies for previously untreated DLBCL patients with high TK activity are certainly necessary. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Assessment of first molars sagittal and rotational position in Class II, division 1 malocclusion

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/s2176-94512013000600016 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 106-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paulo Estevão Scanavini ◽

Renata Pilli Jóias ◽

Maria Helena Ferreira Vasconcelos ◽

Marco Antonio Scanavini ◽

Luiz Renato Paranhos

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Chi Square ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Division 1 ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Student’S T ◽

The Right ◽

Class Ii Division 1

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the anterior-posterior positioning of the upper and lower first molars, and the degree of rotation of the upper first molars in individuals with Class II, division 1, malocclusion. METHODS: Asymmetry I, an accurate device, was used to assess sixty sets of dental casts from 27 females and 33 males, aged between 12 and 21 years old, with bilateral Class II, division 1. The sagittal position of the molars was determined by positioning the casts onto the device, considering the midpalatal suture as a symmetry reference, and then measuring the distance between the mesial marginal ridge of the most distal molar and the mesial marginal ridge of its counterpart. With regard to the degree of rotation of the upper molar, the distance between landmarks on the mesial marginal ridge was measured. Chi-square test with a 5% significance level was used to verify the variation in molars position. Student's t test at 5% significance was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A great number of lower molars mesially positioned was registered, and the comparison between the right and left sides also demonstrated a higher number of mesially positioned molars on the right side of both arches. The average rotation of the molars was found to be 0.76 mm and 0.93 mm for the right and left sides, respectively. CONCLUSION: No statistically significant difference was detected between the mean values of molars mesialization regardless of the side and arch. Molars rotation, measured in millimeters, represented ¼ of Class II.

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Effect of Use of Ambulance as Emergency Medical Service in Patients of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Life and Science ◽

10.37185/lns.1.1.189 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Majid Bashir ◽

Kubra Maryam ◽

Nazeer Ahmed ◽

Tariq Mehmood ◽

Adnan Aslam

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

St Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽

Base Line ◽

Chi Square ◽

Level Of Satisfaction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

St Elevation ◽

Student’S T ◽

Student’S T Test

Objective: To study the frequency of ambulance utilization by the St-elevation Myocardial Infarction patients toreach hospital, perception of ambulance users about the facilities available in the ambulance, and evaluate theclinical outcomes of STEMI between ambulance users and non-users.Study Design: Cross-section survey-based study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Cardiology at Chaudry Pervaizth th Elahi Institute of Cardiology (CPEIC) Multan from 14 April 2020 to 14 September 2020.Materials and Methods: Patients with the diagnosis of STEMI were included in the study and were classifiedinto two groups' ambulance and non-ambulance users, to reach the facility. Patients' demographics, initialpresenting symptoms, availability of ambulance, and time to reach the hospital were recorded. Moreover, theywere followed for complication during their stay and base line laboratory indicators. Ambulance users werealso evaluated for their perception about availability of medical services in the ambulance. The data collectedfrom both of the groups were compared through student's t-test and chi-square test. Statistical value less than0.05 was considered as significant.Results: Out of 300 patients, 32.6% were ambulance users while 67.4% were non-ambulance user. Nosignificant difference was found in age, gender, underlying comorbidity, and initial presenting symptomsbetween two groups. Majority of ambulance users (74%) arrived in less than 45minutes. Differentcomplications were recorded but no significant difference was found between two groups. Majority ofambulance users 31.5% were neutral about the level of satisfaction for ambulance facilities.Conclusion: Frequency of ambulance utilization by STEMI patients is not only low in Pakistan, but ambulancesystem is also not successful in producing significant change in clinical outcomes. Therefore an awarenesscampaign along with ambulance improvement campaigns should be launched to bring a meaningful change.

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135 SHORT-TERM CRYOPRESERVATION OF VITRIFIED MOUSE MORULAE AT - 79°C

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv19n1ab135 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 185

Author(s):

Y. Takagi ◽

M. Shimizu ◽

M. Morimura ◽

S. Yokomizo ◽

K. Hara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Blastocyst Stage ◽

Control Group ◽

Embryo Viability ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Morula Stage ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Student’S T

Embryos of various species are successfully vitrified and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (<−150°C). Like the preservation of frozen somatic cells cooled by dry ice (−79°C), the cryopreservation of embryos at −79°C is useful for a reduction in the shipping costs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the cryopreservation period at −79°C on the in vitro embryo viability of vitrified mouse morulae after thawing. Morula-stage mouse embryos were collected from superovulated ICR donors 70 h after hCG injection. The embryos were exposed first to 5% DMSO + 5% ethylene glycol (EG) in Dulbecco's PBS + 20% FCS (mPBS) for 2 min, and then equilibrated for 20–30 s in a vitrification solution composed of 10% DMSO + 10% EG + 0.6 M sucrose in mPBS. The embryos were loaded onto cryoloops (Lane et al. 1999 Nat. Biotech. 17, 1234–1236) and plunged directly into liquid nitrogen. The cryoloops were placed in 1.2-mL cryotubes and stored in a −79°C freezer for 1–7 days. The embryos were warmed by passing through 4 dilution media and rinsed with mWM culture medium. They were then cultured at 37°C in 5% CO2 for 44 h. Non-cryopreserved embryos and embryos cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen served as controls. Data were analyzed by the chi-square test and the Student's t-test. Results are shown in Table 1. There was no significant difference (P > 0.01) in the developmental abilities to the blastocyst stage of the vitrified embryos that were cryopreserved at −79°C for 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days, the embryos cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen, and the non-vitrified control. The blastocyst rate of embryos was significantly lower (P < 0.01) for the Day 7 group than for the control group. The cell numbers of blastocysts were significantly lower (P < 0.01) for the Day 1, Day 3, Day 5, and Day 7 groups than for the control group. This study suggests that vitrified mouse morulae can be successfully cryopreserved at −79°C for 5 days. Table 1. Effect of the cryopreservation period on the viability of vitrified mouse morulae preserved at −79°C

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Therapeutic potential of Brazilian fluoride varnishes: an in vivo study

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402011000300003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 193-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marcella Quirino de Almeida ◽

Olívia Ximenes Izidro Costa ◽

Jainara Maria Soares Ferreira ◽

Valdenice Aparecida de Menezes ◽

Rossana Barbosa Leal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Clinical Results ◽

White Spot Lesions ◽

Final Size ◽

Chi Square ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Student’S T

The aim of this study was to assess in vivo the therapeutic effect of three fluoride varnishes available in the Brazilian market on the performance of white spot lesions (WSL). The sample included 36 children aged 7 to 13 years old, with a total of 67 active WSL in permanent anterior teeth. The children were randomly divided into 3 groups, according to fluoride varnish used: FL- Fluorniz (n=24), DUO - Duofluorid XII (n=22) and DF - Durafluor (n=21). Maximum WSL dimensions (mesiodistal and incisogingival) were measured in millimeters by a previously calibrated single examiner using a periodontal probe. WSL were also assessed regarding lesion activity. Initial and final S-OHI (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index) scores were recorded. Pearson's chi-square test revealed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in the performance of the varnishes. At the end of the 5th week, FL had 6 active and 18 inactive WSL; DUO had 7 active and 15 inactive WSL; and DL had 6 active and 15 inactive WSL. Taking into account all lesions, there was a 45.7% reduction in WSL dimensions. Paired Student's t-test revealed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the initial size (1.88) and final size (1.02). After four applications, all varnishes obtained similar clinical results.

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