Cardiotoxicity in rabbits after a low-level exposure to diazinon, propoxur, and chlorpyrifos

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1241-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Zafiropoulos ◽  
K Tsarouhas ◽  
C Tsitsimpikou ◽  
P Fragkiadaki ◽  
I Germanakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cardiac Tissues ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Echocardiographic Evaluation

Lethal cardiac complications leading to death and various arrhythmias have been reported after organophosphate and/or carbamate poisonings. The present study focuses on the long-term effects of repeated low-level exposure to diazinon, propoxur, and chlorpyrifos (CPF) on cardiac function in rabbits. The yearly based experimental scheme of exposure consisted of two oral administration periods, lasting 3 months and 1 month each, interrupted by an 8-month washout period (total duration 12 months). At the end of the experimental scheme, the rabbits underwent an echocardiographic evaluation under sedation, after which they were killed and the tissue and serum samples were collected. A mild localized cardiotoxic effect was established by echocardiography for the three pesticides tested. Severe histological alterations were identified, especially in the diazinon-treated animals in agreement with increased persistence of this pesticide established in the cardiac tissue. In addition, all pesticides tested increased the oxidative stress and oxidative modifications in the genomic DNA content of the cardiac tissues, each one following a distinct mechanism.

scholarly journals Long-Term Exposure of Psoralen and Isopsoralen Induced Hepatotoxicity and Serum Metabolites Profiles Changes in Female Rats

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingli Yu ◽  
Pengli Wang ◽  
Ruili Yu ◽  
Jiaxi Lu ◽  
Miaomiao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Unsaturated Lipids

Pre-clinical safety evaluation of traditional medicines is imperative because of the universality of drug-induced adverse reactions. Psoralen and isopsoralen are the major active molecules and quality-control components of a traditional herbal medicine which is popularly used in Asia, Fructus Psoraleae. The purpose of this study is to assess the long-term effects of psoralen and isopsoralen with low levels on the biochemical parameters and metabolic profiles of rats. Three doses (14, 28, and 56 mg/kg) of psoralen and one dose (28 mg/kg) of isopsoralen were administered to rats over 12 weeks. Blood and selected tissue samples were collected and analyzed for hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology. Metabolic changes in serum samples were detected via proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. We found that psoralen significantly changed the visceral coefficients, blood biochemical parameters, and histopathology, and isopsoralen extra influenced the hematological index. Moreover, psoralen induced remarkable elevations of forvaline, isoleucine, isobutyrate, alanine, acetone, pyruvate, glutamine, citrate, unsaturated lipids, choline, creatine, phenylalanine, and 4-hydroxybenzoate, and significant reductions of ethanol and dimethyl sulfone. Isopsoralen only induced a few remarkable changes of metabolites. These results suggest that chronic exposure to low-level of psoralen causes a disturbance in alanine metabolism, glutamate metabolism, urea cycle, glucose-alanine cycle, ammonia recycling, glycine, and serine metabolism pathways. Psoralen and isopsoralen showed different toxicity characteristics to the rats.

Suppression of VAM fungi and micronutrient uptake by low-level P fertilization in long-term wheat rotations

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jill Clapperton ◽  
H. Henry Janzen ◽  
Adrian M. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Micronutrient Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Application

AbstractThe long-term effects of cropping practices on plant-available micronutrient concentrations in soils of the northern Great Plains of North America have not been adequately determined. We measured micronutrient uptake by wheat in a crop rotation experiment established at Lethbridge, Alberta in 1911. Phosphorus application at low rates (20 kg P ha-1 yr-1) since 1972 suppressed uptake of Zn, Cu, and Ca in the two years in which they were measured, 1991 and 1993. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi are plant symbiotic fungi that are known to increase the uptake of relatively immobile micronutrients such as Cu, P, and Zn. The functioning of these fungi is known to be affected by high-levels of P fertilization. Assessment of wheat roots showed that low-level P fertilization had significantly reduced the length of root colonized and the percentage of roots colonized by VAM fungi. The results show the importance of considering microbial ecology when assessing the effects of agricultural practices, including low-input practices, on soil productivity and crop nutrient value.

scholarly journals Health effects of breast feeding for mothers: a critical review

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jane Heinig ◽  
Kathryn G. Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Long Term Effects

AbstractLactation results in a number of physiological adaptations which exert direct effects on maternal health, some of which may confer both short and long term advantages for breast feeding mothers. Breast feeding in the early postpartum period promotes a more rapid return of the uterus to its prepregnant state through the actions of oxytocin. Breast feeding may also lead to a more rapid return to prepregnancy weight. Among studies that had good data on duration and intensity of lactation, the majority show a significant association between lactation and weight loss. However, there is no evidence that lactation prevents obesity. Lactation also affects glucose and lipid metabolism. The long term effects of these adaptations are unknown but may have implications for preventing subsequent development of diabetes and heart disease. Lactation delays the return of ovulation and significantly reduces fertility during the period of lactational amenorrhoea. This process is linked with feeding patterns and may therefore be affected by practices such as scheduled feedings and the timing of introduction of complementary foods. While the evidence from epidemiologic studies is mixed, several large studies have shown that extended lactation is associated with reduced risk of premenopausal breast, ovarian and endometrial cancers. Although bone mineralization declines during lactation, repletion takes place after weaning. As a result, breast feeding does not appear to cause long term depletion of bone nor does it increase risk of osteoporosis. Many of the physiological effects of lactation are dependent on the stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and milk removal and thus may vary with infant feeding practices. Well controlled studies are needed that include detailed information regarding infant feeding practices in addition to the total duration of any breast feeding. Future feeding recommendations should reflect careful consideration of how such practices affect both infant and maternal health.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Impact of WTC Dust Inhalation on Rat Cardiac Tissue Transcriptomic Profiles

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Sung-Hyun Park ◽  
Yuting Lu ◽  
Yongzhao Shao ◽  
Colette Prophete ◽  
Lori Horton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
World Trade Center ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Impact ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ground Zero ◽  
Transcription Profiles

First responders (FR) exposed to the World Trade Center (WTC) Ground Zero air over the first week after the 9/11 disaster have an increased heart disease incidence compared to unexposed FR and the general population. To test if WTC dusts were causative agents, rats were exposed to WTC dusts (under isoflurane [ISO] anesthesia) 2 h/day on 2 consecutive days; controls received air/ISO or air only. Hearts were collected 1, 30, 240, and 360 d post-exposure, left ventricle total RNA was extracted, and transcription profiles were obtained. The data showed that differentially expressed genes (DEG) for WTC vs. ISO rats did not reach any significance with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 at days 1, 30, and 240, indicating that the dusts did not impart effects beyond any from ISO. However, at day 360, 14 DEG with a low FDR were identified, reflecting potential long-term effects from WTC dust alone, and the majority of these DEG have been implicated as having an impact on heart functions. Furthermore, the functional gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) data at day 360 showed that WTC dust could potentially impact the myocardial energy metabolism via PPAR signaling and heart valve development. This is the first study showing that WTC dust could significantly affect some genes that are associated with the heart/CV system, in the long term. Even > 20 years after the 9/11 disaster, this has potentially important implications for those FR exposed repeatedly at Ground Zero over the first week after the buildings collapsed.

scholarly journals A Review of the Cardiac and Cardiovascular Effects of COVID-19 in Adults and Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibhuti B. Das ◽  
S. Kristen Sexon Tejtel ◽  
Shriprasad Deshpande ◽  
Lara S. Shekerdemian
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Involvement ◽  
Adults And Children

Symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) typically affects the respiratory system but can involve the cardiovascular system. Cardiac complications of COVID-19 can result directly from myocarditis or indirectly from numerous other mechanisms. Differentiating between primary and secondary cardiovascular involvement—our focus in this review—may help to identify the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the heart in adults and children.

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