scholarly journals Handheld near-infrared spectrometers: Where are we heading?

NIR news ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof B Beć ◽  
Justyna Grabska ◽  
Heinz W Siesler ◽  
Christian W Huck
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Plenary Session ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Scientific Content ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Infrared Instrumentation ◽  
New Generation

During NIR 2019 conference, Gold Coast, Australia, a presentation upon a critical review of instrumentation and applications of handheld spectrometers was delivered during the plenary session held on Thursday morning, 19 September. Following the conference presentation, a vivid discussion flared up among the audience that equally involved academic scholars, industry representatives, as well as professionals who carry out every day in-the-field applications. Various aspects were raised connected with the emerged new generation of near-infrared instrumentation, with many individuals expressing their point-of-view on the merits and pitfalls of the miniaturized spectrometers. This vigorous dispute and exchange of impressions indicated that the community remains concerned about the applicability of such devices. That concern reflects the still relatively shallowly explored miniaturization versus performance factor, which can only be dismissed by focused feasibility studies with comparative analyses carried out on scientific-grade benchtop spectrometers. It is the aim of the present manuscript to summarize the discussed scientific content and to share the developed point-of-view with addition of our remarks.

Translation and interpretation in Abhidharmakośa

Diogenes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitko Momov
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Young Scholar ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Rosemberg (1991) has made a critical review of a long-standing discussion between Eastern philologists and Buddhist philosophers. The discussion is centered around the translation of the doctrine on the one hand, and its philosophical systematization on the other hand. When scientific-philological translation prevails, the literal meaning of Buddhist terminology is declared to be its basis. The young scholar, who had specialized in Japan, studied Buddhism from Japanese and Chinese sources and collected lexicographic material from non-Hindu sources. After comparing them, he encountered inaccuracies in the translation. In an attempt to overcome them, he preferred the point of view of the philosophy of Buddhism. The conclusion that he has drawn in the preface of this edition is that the study should begin with a systematization of antiquity.

New Promising Generation of Twin-Gondola LNG Carriers Optimized with the Aid of CFD Calculations

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk V. Valkhof ◽  
Eduardo Minguito ◽  
Klaas Kooiker
Keyword(s):  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Far East ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Hull Form ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Hydrodynamic Optimization ◽  
Adequate Design

As natural gas is becoming an important energy source, a large fleet is needed to transport it in liquefied form across the oceans in specially designed LNG carriers from mainly the Middle East towards the Far East. During the overall design process of such a vessel the shape of the hull form and its propulsors play an important role from a hydrodynamic point of view. This paper describes the design of a twin-gondola LNG carrier for Navantia. The twingondola aft body has proven to be an adequate design concept, but due to the complexity of the flow around the aft body the design should be carried out with great care. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools are extremely valuable in the hydrodynamic optimization process of the hull. In this design both potential flow codes and viscous flow codes have been used to obtain the optimum hull form. With the results of the PARNASSOS viscous flow calculations it was possible to make decisions with regard to the horizontal angle and the inclination of the gondolas, and the slope of the buttocks in the area between the gondolas. Special attention has been paid to avoid flow separation around the aft body. The gondolas have been oriented in such a way that maximum efficiency is achieved. The performance of the resulting design has been verified by model tests in MARIN’s Deep Water Towing Tank. Given the very promising results of this new generation of LNG carriers, achieving besides the excellent propulsive properties also a higher payload target, the yard became more competitive and is expecting quite some orders for this particular ship type.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF BRYOPHYTES OF AGALYK BASIN (KARATEPA MOUNTAINS OF ZERAVSHAN MOUNTAIN RANGE)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-82
Author(s):  
Holmurod Akimovich Zhalov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Decayed Wood ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Research Period

From bryological point of view Zeravshan mountain range remains one of the least studied region. Identification of species composition of true mosses and their ecological-biological peculiarities were not earlier aimed for this region. In the territory of Agalyk basin Karatepa mountains can be divided into four types of substrates where moss species occur: soil, bark of living trees, decayed wood, stones. Characteristics of substrate groups become complicated due to wide range of ecological valency of moss species. Most species select not only one, but several substrates for their settling. During the research period in the soils of Agaliksay basin 20 species were recorded belonging to 13 genera and 10 family. On decayed wood 9 species were recorded belonging to 7 genera and 5 family. On the bark of living trees 15 moss species were recorded belonging to 8 genera and 6 family. Epilyte bryophytes occurred on rocky substrates. On rocky substrates of Agaliksay basin 34 moss species were recorded from 16 genera and 13 family. On the basis of results obtained during the study of substrate groups of mosses in Agaliksay basin, we have conducted comparative analyses of studied substrate groups with the purpose of determining their characteristic features.

scholarly journals Determination of the composition of multilayer plastic packaging with NIR spectroscopy

Detritus ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Xiaozheng Chen ◽  
Nils Kroell ◽  
Alexander Feil ◽  
Thomas Pretz
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Detection And Separation

In food and medical packaging, multiple layers of different polymers are combined in order to achieve optimal functional properties for various applications. Flexible multilayer plastic packaging achieves a reduction in weight compared to other packaging products with the same function, saving material and in transportation costs. Recycling of post-industrial multilayer packaging was achieved by some companies, but the available technologies are limited to specific polymer types. For post-consumer waste, recycling of multilayer packaging has not been achieved yet. One of the main challenges in plastic sorting is that the detection and separation of multilayer packaging from other materials is not possible yet. In this study, the possibility to detect and sort flexible multilayer plastic packaging was investigated with near-infrared spectroscopy, which is the state-of-the-art technology for plastic sorting. The results show that from a detection and classification point of view, sorting of monolayer, two- and three-layers samples under laboratory conditions is possible. According to the captured data, the sequence of layers has little influence on the spectra. In case of glossy samples, the spectra are influenced by printed surfaces. With an increase in thickness, the spectra get more characteristic, which makes the classification easier. Our results indicate that the sorting of post-consumer multilayer plastic packaging by main composition is theoretically achievable.

The degree of using research systems and the satisfaction of Palestinian li-braries in the light of technological environment from the point of view of librarians and researchers

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-39
Author(s):  
Ibrahm Khader
Keyword(s):  
West Bank ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Technological Environment ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
Research Systems ◽  
Time Period ◽  
West Bank And Gaza ◽  
Search Index ◽  
New Generation

The present study aimed to identify the extent of using research systems that are the new generation for the library index, similar to the interface of the beneficiaries that allows access to all information, and satisfaction with it in Palestinian libraries in light of the technological environment from the viewpoint of librarians and researchers. It also aimed to identify whether there is any difference between the respondent’s occupational stress levels which can be attributed to their (Gender, major, library type, experience). The study’s population consists from all the all the Librarians and researchers in Palestine (West Bank and Gaza Strip). As for the sample, it consists from (300) From librarians and researchers in Palestine (West Bank and Gaza Strip). The researcher chose a descriptive, relational approach to its suitability with this study. The researcher Prepare an instrument a questionnaire for measuring the extent to which research systems are used and satisfied with the technological environment from the viewpoint of librarians and researchers. The results of the study showed that there are no statistically significant differences in the extent use of library systems and satisfaction with them in light of the technological environment from the viewpoint of librarians and researchers in what is attributed to the variable of gender and specialization, and the presence of statistically significant differences in the extent of use of library systems and satisfaction with it in the technological environment from The viewpoint of librarians and researchers regarding the variable type of library and years of experience. In the light of the aforementioned results, the researcher rec-efforts necessity design unified search index between the types of libraries in Palestine to unify the searches, which greatly reduces the time period spent.

Object-Oriented Cognitive Complexity Measures

2017 ◽  
pp. 917-940
Author(s):  
Sanjay Misra ◽  
Adewole Adewumi
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complexity Measures ◽  
Cognitive Informatics ◽  
Validation Criteria ◽  
Object Oriented Metrics

This chapter presents the analysis of ten recently proposed object-oriented metrics based on cognitive informatics. The metrics based on cognitive informatics use cognitive weight. Cognitive weight is the representation of the understandability of the piece of software that evaluates the difficulty experienced in comprehending and/or performing the piece of software. Development of metrics based on Cognitive Informatics (CI) is a new area of research, and from this point of view, for the analysis of these metrics, it is important to know their acceptability from other existing evaluation and validation criteria. This chapter presents a critical review on existing object-oriented cognitive complexity measures. In addition, a comparative study based on some selected attributes is presented.

Entrepreneurial Orientation of Family Business

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-156
Author(s):  
Emel Faiz ◽  
Gamze Uludag
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Economic Development And Growth ◽  
New Generation

Family businesses are considered as an important source of economic development and growth in that they create added value by providing new products, processes and technologies. Family businesses, where family values and perspectives dominate, have begun to experience problems in adapting to such a structure in the global economy, where the rate of change has increased, and the competition is intense. In the process of restructuring, entrepreneurial orientation is vital for these businesses. From this point of view, the aim of this chapter is to define family business, to explain their characteristics and to show the two perspectives on the entrepreneurial orientation of family businesses. The concept of “family entrepreneurship” and “transgenerational entrepreneurship” is also mentioned in the chapter. In relation to what is told in the chapter, how a conservative structure has been opened to the market by its third generation, a family business in Turkey that is going through its third generation and the innovations brought about by the new generation compose the case study.

Smart Mesoporous Nanomaterials With Improved Therapeutic Applications

2018 ◽  
pp. 431-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya Sanand ◽  
Anshika Tyagi ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Gautam Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Post Synthesis ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Toxic Drugs

Nanomaterials have revolutionized the drug delivery and therapeutic industry due to their unique physical characteristics, which render them extremely manipulative at nano-scale. One such category of nanomaterials is mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Due to their small size and rigid honeycomb-like structure, they are highly conducive for packaging of drugs, dyes, antibodies, etc. In addition, they show excellent biocompatibility. These new generation nanomaterials can be further functionalized by incorporating surface modifications, thus increasing their acceptability as carriers for drugs and molecules. In this chapter, a brief and comprehensive review covering various aspects of the recent advancements in synthesis of mesoporous nanomaterials and post-synthesis strategies for functionalization has been presented. Further, it also sheds light on how efficiently these smart nano-carriers are involved in transport and site-specific delivery of highly toxic drugs, like chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment, and their biocompatibility evaluation from a biosafety point of view.

Visual and Near-Infrared Photometry of Nearby Dwarf Spheroidals

1999 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kerschbaum ◽  
W. Nowotny ◽  
J. Hron ◽  
M. Schultheis
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Asymptotic Giant Branch ◽  
Agb Stars ◽  
Faint Object ◽  
Nearby Galaxies ◽  
Dwarf Spheroidals ◽  
Faint Object Spectrograph ◽  
Infrared Survey

This paper is based on photometry from two different observational approaches. Both are of an explorative character and act as feasibility studies. For the future we plan to use these methods to study Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars in nearby galaxies.First, we present results on broad-band photometry in Bessell V and I, as well as narrow-band measurements in the Wing 778 nm and 812 nm filters of a galactic globular cluster using the new Austrian Oe-FOSC (Oesterreich Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera), a copy of the ESO Instrument EFOSC mounted on our 1.5 m-telescope.The second part of the contribution deals with the possibilities of using Gunn I, J and KS measurements originating from the DENIS (DEep Near Infrared Survey of the Southern Sky) project on similar objects. A few southern dwarf spheroidals already observed within DENIS (covering now some 40% of the southern hemisphere) are selected.

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