Myside Bias, Rational Thinking, and Intelligence

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith E. Stanovich ◽  
Richard F. West ◽  
Maggie E. Toplak
2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivar Bråten ◽  
Andreas Lien ◽  
John Nietfeld

Abstract. In two experiments with Norwegian undergraduates and one experiment with US undergraduates, we examined the potential effects of brief task instructions aligned with incremental and entity views of intelligence on students’ performance on a rational thinking task. The research demonstrated that even brief one-shot task instructions that deliver a mindset about intelligence intervention can be powerful enough to affect students’ performance on such a task. This was only true for Norwegian male students, however. Moreover, it was the task instruction aligned with an entity theory of intelligence that positively affected Norwegian male students’ performance on the rational thinking task, with this unanticipated finding speaking to the context- and culture-specificity of implicit theories of intelligence interventions.


2021 ◽  
pp. 147309522110011
Author(s):  
Esin Özdemir

In this article, I readdress the issue of rationality, which has been so far considered in western liberal democracies and in planning theory as procedural, and more recently as post-political in the post-foundational approach, aiming to show how it can gain a substantive and politicising character. I first discuss the problems and limits of the treatment of rational thinking as well as rational consensus-seeking as merely procedural and post-political. Secondly, utilising the notion of Realrationalität of Flyvbjerg, I discuss how rationality attains a politicising role due to its strong relationship with power. Using the concept of planning rationality aiming at public interest, I present the general position and actions of professional organisations in Turkey, focusing on the Chamber of City Planners, as an example illustrative of my argument. I finally argue that rationality becomes a substantive issue that politicizes planning, when it is put forward as an alternative to authoritarian market logic. In doing so, I adopt the Rancièrian definition of the political, defined as disclosure of a wrong and staging of equality. In conclusion, I first emphasize the importance of avoiding quick rejections of the concepts of rationality and consensus in the framework of planning activity and planning theory and secondly, call for a broader definition of the political; the political that is not confined to conflict but is open to rational thinking and rational consensus.


2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviva Geva

Abstract:Business myth is generally treated in business ethics literature as a mental obstacle that must be removed in order to prepare the ground for rational thinking on the ethical aspect of business conduct. This approach, which focuses on the content of myth, does not explicate the nature and function of myth. Based on the study of myth in the fields of humanities and social sciences, this paper develops a theoretical framework and analytical tool—the revolving-door model—for researching myth in business. The proposed framework (1) offers new perspectives on myth: the consumer’s, the producer’s, the mythologist’s, and the ethicist’s; (2) explicates various distortion mechanisms of the myth; and (3) enables a redefinition of the relation of business myth to business ethics. The applicability of this framework is demonstrated by means of a real case which sets the stage for examining a set of common myths.


1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton T. Shorkey

The relationship between rational thinking and belief in a just world was examined using scores on the Rational Behavior Inventory and the Just World Scale from 129 undergraduate students. It was hypothesized that rational thinking would be incompatible with absolutistic beliefs that the world is a just place. A Pearson coefficient of —.11 was computed between scores on the two scales; this supports the hypothesis that neither absolutistic acceptance nor rejection of a belief in a just world is related to rational thinking.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shauna Marie Bowes ◽  
Thomas H Costello ◽  
Caroline Lee ◽  
Stacey McElroy-Heltzel ◽  
Don E. Davis ◽  
...  

In recent years, an upsurge of polarization has been a salient feature of political discourse in America. A small but growing body of research has examined the potential relevance of intellectual humility (IH) to political polarization. In the present investigation, we extend this work to political myside bias, testing the hypothesis that IH is associated with less bias in two community samples (N1 = 498; N2 = 477). In line with our expectations, measures of IH were negatively correlated with political myside bias across paradigms, political topics, and samples. These relations were robust to controlling for humility. We also examined ideological asymmetries in the relations between IH and political myside bias, finding that IH-bias relations were statistically equivalent in members of the political left and right. Notwithstanding important limitations and caveats, these data establish IH as one of a small handful psychological features known to predict less political myside bias.


2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Ke Qi Wang

Solving Problems is the ultimate task of architectural creation. From the point of problem types being Solved, it can boil down to three kinds which are condition problems, contradiction problems and value problems. Architectural creation thinking is systemic thinking which unifies the rational thinking and irrational thinking together. Rational thinking is the dominant thinking mode that solve many kinds of problems of architectural creation, and there are some keys to solve the architectural creation’s value problems base on rational thinking, Such as to develop the function, technology and form of intrinsical creation objects through exhuming the potential properties and expanding possibilities of creation interrelated elements . The basic goal of architectural creation that solving the value problems base on rational thinking is exalting the value of creation objects. It can improve the systematicness, efficiency and stabilization effectively to architectural creation.


1970 ◽  
pp. 347-361
Author(s):  
Natalia Kłysz-Sokalska

  Emotional education in Poland is superficial,accidental and at times intuitive. Lack of emotional education classes and the governments’ low support of teachers have a negative effect on the treatment of emotional education as important in the development of a child in an early school age. Teachers, by trial and error, try to solve problems on the basis of their effect rather than cause, which often lies in the student’s emotions. Separating emotions from “rational” thinking is a pedagogical mistake. An adult’s awareness of the cognitive nature of emotion can affect not only the leveling up of emotional disorders, but also has impact on the child’s overall cognitive development. By using the most natural activities of music and movement, the student develops his emotionality with the verbalization of emotional experience. Awareness of the emotions experiences as well as their correct naming is the key to the success of emotional education for students.


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