Modeling the spread of an epidemic in presence of vaccination using cellular automata

The results of Kermack–McKendrick SIR model are planned to be reproduced by cellular automata (CA) lattice model. The CA algorithms are proposed to study the model of an epidemic, systematically. The basic goal is to capture the effects of spreading of infection over a scale of length. This CA model can provide the rate of growth of the infection over the space which was lacking in the mean-field like susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model. The motion of the circular front of an infected cluster shows a linear behavior in time. The correlation of a particular site to be infected with respect to the central site is also studied. The outcomes of the CA model are in good agreement with those obtained from SIR model. The results of vaccination have been also incorporated in the CA algorithm with a satisfactory degree of success. The advantage of the present model is that it can shed a considerable amount of light on the physical properties of the spread of a typical epidemic in a simple, yet robust way.

From Bench Side to Bed-Travelling on a Road to Get a Safe and Effective Vaccine Against COVID-19, Day to Save the Life

: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a new strain of coronavirus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is the most challenging pandemic of this century. The growing COVID-19 pandemic has triggered extraordinary efforts to restrict the virus in numerous ways, owing to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. Immunotherapy, which includes artificially stimulating the immune system to generate an immunological response, is regarded as an effective strategy for preventing and treating several infectious illnesses and malignancies. Given the pandemic's high fatality rate and quick expansion, an effective vaccination is urgently needed to keep it under control. The basic goal of all COVID-19 vaccine programs is to develop a vaccine that causes the generation of surface protein neutralizing antibodies in subjects. The epitope discovery for the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates is likewise made using an immuno-informatics methodology. It can be used to find the epitopes in viral proteins important for cytotoxic T cells and B cells. A safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine that can elicit the necessary immune response is necessary to end the epidemic. The global search for a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine is yielding results. More than a dozen vaccines have already been approved around the world, with many more in the clinical trials. Patents can cover the underlying technology used to generate a vaccine, whereas trade secrets can cover manufacturing methods and procedures.

PANCASILA DEMOCRACY VERSUS DIRECT DEMOCRACY : A REVIEW OF THE CONCEPT OF CIVIL SOCIETY

<br><div><pre>The emergence of the phenomenon of identity politics, money politics, primordialism and political pragmatism that emerged as a consequence of the direct democratic system turned out to be different from the basic goal of implementing Pancasila democracy. This is what prompted the preparation of this manuscript</pre></div><div><pre><br><br></pre></div>

PANCASILA DEMOCRACY VERSUS DIRECT DEMOCRACY : A REVIEW OF THE CONCEPT OF CIVIL SOCIETY

<br><div><pre>The emergence of the phenomenon of identity politics, money politics, primordialism and political pragmatism that emerged as a consequence of the direct democratic system turned out to be different from the basic goal of implementing Pancasila democracy. This is what prompted the preparation of this manuscript</pre></div><div><pre><br><br></pre></div>

A NOTE ON SPRAYS OF ISOTROPIC CURVATURE

A basic goal of this paper is to calculate, Weyl curvature of R-flat (Ricci-flat) spray of isotropic curvature and a locally projectively R-flat (Ricci-flat) spray, which is a projective invariance. Besides, the equivalents of E ̅-curvature and H-curvature that are closely related to the mean Berwald curvature have been found for a locally projectively R-flat spray of isotropic curvature.

Magnetic circuit optimization of linear dynamic actuators

<p class="Abstract">Contactless braking methods (with capability of energy recuperation) are more and more widely used and they replace the traditional abrasive and dissipative braking techniques. In case of rotating motion, the method is trivial and often used nowadays. But when the movement is linear and fast alternating, there are only a few possibilities to break the movement. The basic goal of research project is to develop a linear braking method based on the magnetic principle, which enables the efficient and highly controllable braking of alternating movements. Frequency of the alternating movement can be in wide range, aim of the research to develop contactless braking method for vibrating movement for as higher as possible frequency. The research includes examination and further development of possible magnetic implementations and existing methods, so that an efficient construction suitable for the effective linear movement control can be created. The first problem to be solved is design a well-constructed magnetic circuit with high air gap induction, which provides effective and good dynamic parameters for the braking devices. The present paper summarizes the magnetostatics design of “voice-coil linear actuator” type actuators and the effects of structure-related flux scattering and its compensation.</p>

Blending of Fiction with Historical Reality in Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children and Grabiel Gracia Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude

This paper investigates the use of magic realism as a strategic tool in Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children (1981) and Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967). Both the authors belong to two distinct continents; still, they have similar histories and stories of struggle. They develop a unique relationship while untangling reality. They create the mysterious relationship between the human beings and their circumstances in a way more realistic than the realist text.Also, the textual analysis reveals the basic goal of both the novelist to revisit their past through magic realism as both of them believe in the distortion of reality as outcome of colonial impact in their respective societies. In this sense, this paper justifies the rationale behind the blending of fiction and historical reality in both the novels. In doing so it explores how the unsayable in today’s world of asymmetrical power and domination could be said through the use of tools and elements of magic realism such as hybridity, authorial presence, metafiction, awareness of mystery in a real world setting.

Polynuclearity as a Spatial Measure of Urban Sprawl: Testing the Percentiles Approach

Polynuclearity and polycentricity are spatial phenomena which overlap each other in the context of urban sprawl, and this sometimes hinders the possibility of clearly distinguishing the two. Hence, the basic goal of the article is to indicate the differences between polycentricity and polynuclearity as well as their conceptualization and operationalization as urban sprawl features. The article indicates that the main differences between polycentricity and polynuclearity boil down to functional connections. However, empirical exemplification was made in relation to the agglomeration of Cracow, Poland using an urban morphology approach based on 1 km2 square grids. Among the conclusions, it can be found that the identification of the central core is an important stage of research. If at least two cores appear then polynuclearity is identified and then polycentricity can be further identified. Testing of four mathematical approaches to identifying the central core showed that the most accurate results are given by the 95th percentile, i.e., the grids within the 95th percentile of building density qualify for the central core. It is also necessary to remove grids with extremely high building density from the analyses.

Effects of Pakistani TV Dramas on Social Behavior of Women

The basic goal of the study named “Effects of Pakistani TV Dramas on Social Behavior of Women” is to discover the cultivation effects of social issues/problems based Pakistani TV dramas on women of Bahawalpur. The researcher collects a sample of 300 women who live in Bahawalpur with different educational backgrounds by using purposive sampling. The researchers found that social issues based dramas have negative impact on women’s behavior moreover dramas are portraying the issues as exactly as they are prevailing in the society. The study describes that women get more information regarding social issues that are portrayed in the society”. It also illustrates that women believe dramas play an important role in the resolution of social issues and problem in the society.

The Entente Fails to Keep Turkey Neutral, 1914

This chapter analyzes the entente's failed attempts (after the July Crisis of 1914) to prevent the Ottoman Empire from intervening on the side of the Central powers. This case highlights key elements and relationships in the theoretical framework. The entente's goal was to keep a hedging Turkey neutral — it thus sought a low degree of alignment change, an easier thing to achieve. But the entente powers' high alliance constraints proved detrimental. For while the Allies (roughly equal in power and dependence) did agree about the basic goal and method of selective accommodation, they did not agree about Turkey's strategic weight. That lack of consensus impaired their ability to mobilize sufficient reward power. They did not combine the concessions to Turkey and each other that were both possible and, as it turned out, necessary to cement its neutrality. The case thus reveals the impediments to success that arise when highly constrained allies differ about the target's war-tipping potential.