From production to consumption-oriented development: New planning strategies in science parks? The case of Sophia-Antipolis

2021 ◽  
pp. 096977642110371
Author(s):  
Antoine Grandclement ◽  
Alexandre Grondeau
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Science Park ◽  
Hybrid Strategy ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Housing Shortages ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Recent works have highlighted the role of consumption in regional development and questioned the focus on production-oriented approaches in regional planning. To date, consumption-oriented strategies have only been studied in specific cases such as rural areas or urban regeneration projects. This article examines the impact of the growth of consumption-oriented activities on local policymaking processes. To do so, it studies the reshaping of local planning strategies in the science park of Sophia-Antipolis in the context of a growing residential economy. We show that local governments are now questioning traditional production-oriented policies as tensions appear between maintaining the area’s high-tech specialization and meeting the demands of residents for services and amenities. However, production- and consumption-oriented strategies should not be seen as being incompatible. Consumption-oriented strategies aim at reducing the dependence on high-tech activities, but they also contribute to meeting some of the science park’s challenges, such as housing shortages. They also help attract and retain highly skilled executives or engineers in the science park. More than a consumption turn, recent local policies in Sophia mark a shift from a technopolitan production-oriented strategy to a hybrid strategy based on tools embedded in a vast continuum from production-oriented to consumption-oriented strategies.

scholarly journals ICT Uptake and Technology Linkages in Rural Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Juseuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Electronic Communication ◽  
High Tech ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

This report focuses on how quickly and creatively electronic communication is spreading and transforming rural areas in Africa and, particularly, two selected communities in Zambia as case studies. The report also shows ways in which communities are adapting information and communication technologies (ICTs). And this research is interested in studying how quickly electronic communication is spreading and transforming rural areas in Africa and, in particular, the Republic of Zambia. The impact of social networks is being used in dynamic, creative ways to not only spread business opportunities but to energize economies and society. They want to gather community and household information to understand the many ways communities are adapting these technologies. Their methods of adoption and adaptation of technologies do not resemble high-tech societies where governments support massive infrastructure projects.  For example, highly creative uses of low-tech cell phones are energizing commerce and spawning new ways of building creative solutions, making African countries some of the fastest growing economies in the world today.

scholarly journals Common sustainable ethno-veterinary practices on broiler chicken production in two local governments in Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
O. O. Adeleye ◽  
S. I. Adebowale ◽  
L. T. Egbeyale
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
The Impact

Poultry diseases are responsible for majority of losses in livestock production leading to constraints in the development and enhancement of viable livestock production systems in Nigeria. The impact of these diseases is severe in rural areas. This study evaluated the importance of ethno-veterinary practices on food sustainability. The research design was survey method and sample size was determined using Taro Yamane formula from a population size of 100 (50 each) from both Local Government Areas. A structured questionnaire was administered to 80 persons (respondents) from the two local government areas (Abeokuta south and Odeda) in Ogun State, Nigeria. The result indicated that respondent were male (85%) and female (15%) with the male being the dominant and the respondents' shows high level of literacy. The result revealed that common diseases of broiler birds are coccidiosis (45%), Newcastle (18%), fowl cholera (8%) and others (25%). The poultry farmers make use of veterinary services has a therapy for poultry diseases with very few involved in both veterinary and herbal practice. Among the local herbs used were Moringa leaf, Christmas melon, basil, bitter leaf etc. However, farmers believed that the use of herbs causes poor growth, weight loss while the use of inappropriate dosage leads to death of birds which in turn will alter the level of poultry production.     Les maladies de la volaille sont responsables de la majorité des pertes d'élevage entraînant des contraintes dans le développement et l'amélioration de systèmes d'élevage viables au Nigéria. L'impact de ces maladies est grave dans les zones rurales. Cette étude a évalué l'importance des pratiques ethno-vétérinaires sur la durabilité alimentaire. La conception de la recherche était méthode d'enquête et la taille de l'échantillon a été déterminée à l'aide de la formule Taro Yamane à partir d'une taille de population de 100 (50 chacun) des deux zones d'administrations locales. Un questionnaire structuré a été administré à 80 personnes (répondants) des deux zones gouvernementales locales (le sud d'Abeokuta et Odeda) dans l'État d'Ogun, au Nigéria. Le résultat indique que le répondant était un homme (85 %) et les  femmes (15%) ; l'homme étant le dominant et celui des répondants montre un niveau élevé d'alphabétisation. Le résultat a révélé que les maladies courantes des oiseaux de chair sont la coccidiose (45 %), Newcastle (18 %), le choléra aviaire (8 %) et d'autres (25 %). Les éleveurs de volailles font usage des services vétérinaires avec un peu de gens qui se trouve dans la pratique vétérinaire ayant à base, des herbes locales. Parmi les herbes locales utilisées se trouvaient la feuille de Moringa, le melon de Noël, le basilic, la feuille amère, etc. Cependant, les agriculteurs croyaient que l'utilisation d'herbes provoque une faible croissance, la perte de poids tandis que l'utilisation d'une dose inappropriée conduit à la mort des oiseaux qui à son tour va modifier le niveau de production avicole.

Does computer usage change farmers’ production and consumption? Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyun Hou ◽  
Xuexi Huo ◽  
Runsheng Yin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Computer Usage ◽  
Labor Input ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of using computers to obtain information on the farm household’s production and consumption based on a field survey of farm households in the northern China. Design/methodology/approach The most important methods applied are instrumental variable (IV) method and propensity score matching (PSM) method. Estimators of IV, PSM and nearest neighborhood matching approaches are considered together to check the robustness of empirical results. Findings This paper careful impact evaluation results suggest that the use of computer not only improves the size of arable land rented in but also reduces family labor input intensity and the probability of selling agricultural outputs at farm-gate markets. Moreover, it also stimulates transportation, garment, housing and insurance expenditures per capita. Research limitations/implications The database of this research comprises cross-section data, which does not support a cross-time comparison. Practical implications These results imply that it is vital to expand the coverage of computer use in rural areas. This may suggest that the importance of improving computer access is crucial for stimulating rural consumption increase. Furthermore, the need for the expansion of internet network coverage in western areas is also of importance. Originality/value First, the authors directly estimate computer usage impacts on a broader range of production and consumption indicators by including land-relative investments, variable investments, labor input and household’s expenditure and provide rigorous impact evaluations on the impact of access to computer. Second, the authors use IV and PSM methods to correct self-selection bias, going beyond the single equation approach in other studies. This enables us to identify the causal relationship between computer usage and farmer’s production and consumption decisions.

scholarly journals Effects of Industry-University Collaboration on Enterprises’ Intellectual Capital: A Study of Hi-Tech Industries in Zhejiang, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Ran Li ◽  
Eksiri Niyomsilp
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Senior Executives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Collaboration Project

This study aims to explore the impact of industry-university collaboration on enterprises’ intellectual capital. From the perspective of industry-university collaboration relationship management, to explore the influence of different industry-university collaboration relationship on the enterprises’ intellectual capital. Survey was used to collect the data from 406 Zhejiang province hi-tech enterprises’ entrepreneur and senior executives of the industry-university collaboration project using purposive sampling. Quantitative methods were used to analyze the variables and to test hypothesis.Industry-university collaboration itself is a systematic project that needs close collaboration and coordination between the society and relevant units. The relationship between universities and enterprises plays an important role in collaboration. It has become an important obstacle of industry-university collaboration and a restriction factor of knowledge transfer. Therefore, industry-university collaboration cross-organizational management has gradually become a research hotpots for scholars. Taking high-tech enterprises in Zhejiang province as an example, this study studies the different effects of industry-university collaborative relations on enterprises’ intellectual capital from the perspective of industry-university collaborative relations, and improves enterprises’ intellectual capital through scientific and effective management of industry-university collaborative relations. On the basis of Tijssen, Perkmann, Walsh and other research achievements, this study divides the industry-university collaboration into two types of relationship: related type and transactional type. Quantitative research method is adopted to analyze the variables and verify the hypothesis. According to the data analysis results, draw a conclusion: Industry-university collaboration relationship should be based on the related relationship, the enterprise with strong related relationship has higher intellectual capital performance. Finally, according to the research results, some Suggestions on the management of industry-university collaborative relationship are put forward for the reference of local governments and future researchers.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL REFORM ON THE STATE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (163) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
M. Vorozhbiian ◽  
M. Ivashchenko ◽  
O. Skrypnyk ◽  
P. Bilym
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Labor Protection ◽  
The Impact

Injuries to workers at work in Ukraine are a very serious problem. The decision of this question is possible at the analysis of the reasons of trauma, and on this basis to offer measures for reduction of risk of dangers. The agricultural sector of the economy has a number of features and problems in the organization of labor protection on its safety and in the period of reform the situation in this direction may deteriorate. The reforms carried out in Ukraine, namely decentralization, administrative-territorial organization and land, affect primarily in the suburban and rural areas the agricultural sector of the economy, including the interaction of government agencies with farms on labor protection. Therefore, it is important to develop measures to improve the work of the labor protection management system at the enterprises of the industry during the reform period to prevent the deterioration of this situation, primarily as a result of administrative-territorial reform. The paper presents statistical data on injuries at work in Ukraine for 2018-2020 and emphasizes the state of labor protection in the agricultural sector. The analysis shows that injuries in agricultural production are directly related to the organization of labor protection and, above all, the most persistent trend in accidents in small businesses. The decrease in the number of occupational diseases against the background of unfavorable working conditions is associated with difficulties in accounting and control over workers in agriculture, including due to changes in ownership, deterioration of medical and occupational care services for the rural population. A large proportion of agricultural workers are hidden due to the lack of formal employment, which reduces the possibility of accounting and medical supervision of employed workers. Modern health care reform has also had a negative impact on health surveillance and the detection of occupational diseases. The impact on the state of labor protection in settlements and rural areas during decentralization and administrative-territorial reform is considered. Changing the administrative-territorial division involves the redistribution of powers between districts and local governments. Earlier, the territory of Ukraine was divided into 490 districts, the reform provides for 136 districts. It is pointed out that it is necessary to address these issues within the framework of state policy, including taking into account administrative and territorial reform, namely not only in state district administrations, but also in community associations there should be labor protection specialists who can , but also to provide real assistance in organizational matters, as well as in identifying risks in production processes and help prevent their implementation, especially for small farms, including farms. This requires the effectiveness of the control and supervisory bodies for labor protection, which can affect the reduction of injuries, primarily for organizational reasons, and this is almost 70% of all injuries.

Methodological approaches to assessing the impact of agro-industrial enterprises on the development of territorial communities

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Mykola Butko ◽  
Valeriy Kolosha ◽  
Oleh Rasskazov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Impact

The agro-industrial complex of Ukraine is one of the most relevant segments of the national economy, which provides an adequate level of food security of the regions and the state as a whole, as well as forms a significant amount of domestic expert material. However, institutional miscalculations of the state, underestimation of the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of domestic and foreign food markets, as well as ignoring the role of local governments and civil society institutions in rural development, led to agricultural enrichment, dominance of small-scale production, lack of motivation for integrated development formations, and depopulation of rural areas. The essence of modern EU agricultural policy in the third millennium and the need for our country to join it are studied. Methodological approaches to assessing the impact of agro-industrial enterprises on the integrated development of territorial communities in the context of decentralization of power are developed. The multifaceted nature of the process of functioning of agro-industrial production in the direction of ensuring the development of communities determines the influence of a significant number of factors. Generalizing scientific approaches in this area, all factors can be combined into several aggregate groups: production, consumption, social, institutional, and environmental orientation. The proposed methodological approaches to assessing such impact, in addition, provide an opportunity to develop areas for long-term mutually beneficial development of the entities in this system. The purpose of such promising parameters should be to develop mechanisms to ensure the production of high-quality food products, primarily for domestic consumption; to improve the level and quality of life of rural residents; to improve the system of management of territorial communities and formation of effective schemes of their interaction with business entities; to stimulate the activity of the population of the territories as a locomotive of these processes; to ensure the improvement of the ecological condition of settlements and environmental protection.

scholarly journals Considerations for the design of nutrition-sensitive production programmes in rural South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryl L Hendriks ◽  
Annemarie Viljoen ◽  
Diana Marais ◽  
Friede AM Wenhold ◽  
Angela M McIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Nutrition Sensitive ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Amidst conflicting narratives in development circles regarding the drive for nutrition-sensitive agriculture and the displacement of household production by supermarket penetration into deep rural areas, little is documented about the design of nutrition-sensitive agricultural programmes in the context of changing food systems. This is the first comparative assessment of the production and consumption patterns of South Africa’s poorest rural households. The study set out to identify programme elements necessary to improve nutrition outcomes. The poorest communities in four provinces were identified and surveyed using an extensive production and consumption survey. A mixed-methods convergent design approach included focus group discussions, key informant interviews and a two-round panel survey. A total of 278 households were interviewed in summer and 280 in winter at the four sites. Even though most foods were purchased, crop production (beyond maize production) improved dietary diversity but selling produce and the use of irrigation had led to a stronger improvement. Seasonality affected availability of fresh fruit and vegetables for home consumption in winter, compromising nutrition. This shows a more positive influence of cropping on the consumption of fruit and vegetables in winter than in summer. This result was not expected, as the number of crops that can produce edible portions in winter is rather limited. Some crops such as beans are produced in summer and preserved (dried) for consumption in winter. The cultural preference is for dried beans rather than fresh green beans. Crops such as pumpkin and butternut are also stored for consumption later. Another explanation may be that savings from consumption in summer were used to purchasing these foods in winter, post-harvest. This was certainly true for households engaged in farmland cultivation (larger scale production) where consumption patterns improved in winter, post-harvesting of the main crops. However, farmland cultivation was only carried out under irrigated conditions. The study contributes knowledge about the impact of food-based approaches on the diets of populations at risk of hunger and food insecurity. Research and extension should focus on improving year-round availability and affordability of nutrient-dense foods that can grow in specific rural communities.

From the uneven de-diversification of local financial resources to planning policies: The residentialization hypothesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110138
Author(s):  
Antoine Grandclement ◽  
Guilhem Boulay
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Property Taxes ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Business Taxes ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Planning Policies

This paper builds a theoretical framework to question the ramifications of the rise of consumption-based economy also known as residential economy in the context of a growing circulation of populations and income. We propose the term residentialization to describe the self-reinforcing and spatially uneven expansion of the residential economy, and its intertwined impacts on land use and tax revenues that are likely to influence future local planning policies. In local areas with a developing residential economy, demographic attractiveness and urbanization strongly affect the fiscal bases of property taxes and household-related taxes in general as opposed to business taxes. This process provides local governments with new fiscal revenues but also induces a growing dependence on these incomes, especially in an austerity era. This de-diversification of local financial resources results in inequalities that weigh on local governments’ financial leeway and hence on planning policies. Using a comprehensive database of the fiscal and financial resources of France's 35,000 municipalities over the last 15 years, we provide cartographic and statistical evidence of this uneven fiscal de-diversification. We build a multivariate classification of France's municipalities and show strong links between the structure and evolutions of local financial resources and the pace and forms of urbanization. These results draw attention to the economic, social, and environmental sustainability of consumption-oriented planning strategies in an austerity era.

scholarly journals Considerations for the design of nutrition-sensitive production programmes in rural South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryl L Hendriks ◽  
Annemarie Viljoen ◽  
Diana Marais ◽  
Friede AM Wenhold ◽  
Angela M McIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Nutrition Sensitive ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Amidst conflicting narratives in development circles regarding the drive for nutrition-sensitive agriculture and the displacement of household production by supermarket penetration into deep rural areas, little is documented about the design of nutrition-sensitive agricultural programmes in the context of changing food systems. This is the first comparative assessment of the production and consumption patterns of South Africa’s poorest rural households. The study set out to identify programme elements necessary to improve nutrition outcomes. The poorest communities in four provinces were identified and surveyed using an extensive production and consumption survey. The survey was conducted in summer and winter for each community to capture seasonal differences. A total of 278 households were interviewed in summer and 280 in winter at the four sites. Even though most foods were purchased, crop production (beyond maize production) improved dietary diversity but selling produce and the use of irrigation had led to a stronger improvement. Seasonality affected availability of fresh fruit and vegetables for home consumption in winter, compromising nutrition. This shows a more positive influence of cropping on the consumption of fruit and vegetables in winter than in summer. This result was not expected, as the number of crops that can produce edible portions in winter is rather limited. Some crops such as beans are produced in summer and preserved (dried) for consumption in winter. The cultural preference is for dried beans rather than fresh green beans. Crops such as pumpkin and butternut are also stored for consumption later. Another explanation may be that savings from consumption in summer were used to purchasing these foods in winter, post-harvest. This was certainly true for households engaged in farmland cultivation (larger scale production) where consumption patterns improved in winter, post-harvesting of the main crops. However, farmland cultivation was only carried out under irrigated conditions. The study contributes knowledge about the impact of food-based approaches on the diets of populations at risk of hunger and food insecurity. Research and extension should focus on improving year-round availability and affordability of nutrient-dense foods that can grow in specific rural communities.

Asymmetrical Attribution of Performance in China

Asian Survey ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-1003
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Chen Chen ◽  
Jun Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Multilevel Mediation ◽  
Dual Pathway ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Existing studies of the impact of economic development on political trust in China have two major gaps: they fail to explain how economic development contributes to the hierarchical trust pattern, and they do not pay enough attention to the underlying mechanisms. In light of cultural theory and political control theory, we propose adapting performance theory into a theory of “asymmetrical attribution of performance” to better illuminate the case of China. This adapted theory leads to dual pathway theses: expectation fulfillment and local blaming. Using a multilevel mediation model, we show that expectation fulfillment mainly upholds trust in the central government, whereas local blaming undermines trust in local governments. We also uncover a rural–urban distinction in the dual pathway, revealing that both theses are more salient among rural Chinese.

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