Understanding the Impact of Open Defaecation on Child Diarrhoea and Nutrition Indicators

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya A. V. ◽  
Rahul Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
Significant Health

There are various individual factors that impact child diarrhoea-related behaviours among primary care seekers. Behavioural factors, social norms, economic considerations, access to healthcare, gender, etc., are some of the factors that can impact the treatment-seeking behaviour of the parents for their children who are suffering from diarrhoea. This article also establishes the relationship between open defaecation as a social behaviour and the incidence of child diarrhoea. Other than this, the relationship between open defaecation and child nutritional indicators is also established through substantive evidence. Open defaecation is known to have significant health impact, especially on children. Children from ODF distrcits are also significantly less wasted and under weighing than children from Non-ODF districts. However, the open defaecation free (ODF) status showed no significant impact on stunting in the current study.

scholarly journals Using RE-AIM to examine the potential public health impact of an integrated collaborative care intervention for weight and depression management in primary care: Results from the RAINBOW trial

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248339
Author(s):  
Megan A. Lewis ◽  
Laura K. Wagner ◽  
Lisa G. Rosas ◽  
Nan Lv ◽  
Elizabeth M. Venditti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Collaborative Care ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Public Health Impact ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Care Intervention ◽  
The Impact

Background An integrated collaborative care intervention was used to treat primary care patients with comorbid obesity and depression in a randomized clinical trial. To increase wider uptake and dissemination, information is needed on translational potential. Methods The trial collected longitudinal, qualitative data at baseline, 6 months (end of intensive treatment), 12 months (end of maintenance treatment), and 24 months (end of follow-up). Semi-structured interviews (n = 142) were conducted with 54 out of 409 randomly selected trial participants and 37 other stakeholders, such as recruitment staff, intervention staff, and clinicians. Using a Framework Analysis approach, we examined themes across time and stakeholder groups according to the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework. Results At baseline, participants and other stakeholders reported being skeptical of the collaborative care approach related to some RE-AIM dimensions. However, over time they indicated greater confidence regarding the potential for future public health impact. They also provided information on barriers and actionable information to enhance program reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance. Conclusions RE-AIM provided a useful framework for understanding how to increase the impact of a collaborative and integrative approach for treating comorbid obesity and depression. It also demonstrates the utility of using the framework as a planning tool early in the evidence-generation pipeline.

scholarly journals The impact of perception of consistency and inconsistency in parenting style on pro-social motives of adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Inconsistent Parenting ◽  
Social Motive ◽  
Parental Authority Questionnaire ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pro Social Behavior

Adolescence is the most dynamic and eventful period of human development. During this crucial period of life, adolescents encounter challenges in life and constantly adapting to the relationship dynamics with friends, family, school and society. There is tendency of adolescents to engage in antisocial or pro-social behaviour. Adolescents’ relationship with parents and guardian significantly influence their antisocial and prosocial behavior. Pro-social behavior is defined as a behavior that is primarily aimed at benefiting others. Some pro-social behaviour is extrinsically motivated whereas some are intrinsically motivated. The present study investigated the nature of prosocial behaviour among adolescents and impact of consistency and inconsistency of parenting style on prosocial behaviour. A group of 610 adolescents (310 boys and 300 girls) aged between 16—18 years (mean = 17.07 and standard deviation = 1.02) was selected for the present study. Pro-social Motivation Questionnaire and Parental Authority Questionnaire were used to measure pro-social motive and parenting style, respectively. The results indicate that adolescents generally show higher level of intrinsic pro-social motive. Adolescent girls prefer to display internalised and empathetic pro-social motives whereas adolescent boys tend to gain others’ approval by displaying heroic activities. Consistency in parenting style facilitates intrinsic pro-social motive only when both parents are authoritative in nature. The result interestingly reveals that inconsistent parenting style is not always bad. Authoritative and permissive dyad facilitates intrinsic pro-social motive among adolescents. Implications for parental socialisation in families and pro-social motive among adolescents are discussed.

DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS OF UKRAINE: GENERAL TRENDS AND IMPACT MODELING

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiya Yavorska ◽  
◽  
Tetyana Danko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Decisive Influence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The object of the study is the digital competitiveness of the country and its impact on GDP. The paper summarizes the methodology for determining the rating of global digital competitiveness and investigates the impact of digital competitiveness on GDP using econometric analysis methods. The methodological basis of the study was the fundamental principles of economic theory, statistics and econometrics. To develop a statistical model of the relationship between digital competitiveness and GDP, correlation analysis was performed using the pairwise regression equation, and to influence individual factors - a linear multiple regression equation. The parameters of the constructed models by the method of least squares are estimated and their statistical significance is checked. The results of the study show that there is a close inverse relationship between the rating on the Digital Competitiveness Index and GDP. This is due to the fact that the linear correlation coefficient is -0.819, and the value of the coefficient of determination (0.6712) shows the decisive influence of digital competitiveness on GDP. Verification of the statistical significance of the constructed model allowed to recognize it as statistically reliable, which allows to use it for forecasting. Instead, the resulting econometric model of the relationship between individual factors of digital competitiveness rating and GDP is characterized by a strong inverse relationship between the two factors "Knowledge" and "Technology" and a direct relationship between the factor "Readiness for the future". The factor of "Knowledge", which characterizes the process of digital transformation of Ukraine through understanding, studying and creating new technologies, has a decisive influence on the volume of GDP. The developed model of the relationship between individual factors of digital competitiveness rating and GDP, as adequate and statistically significant, can be used for further analysis and forecasting. It is proved that the process of digitalization is an urgent need for the existence of the economic system at present, namely the introduction of digital technologies can increase the competitiveness of the country on the world stage.

scholarly journals Pharmacist Workforce at Primary Care Clinics: A Nationwide Survey in Taiwan

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Wei-Ho Chen ◽  
Pei-Chen Lee ◽  
Shu-Chiung Chiang ◽  
Yuh-Lih Chang ◽  
Tzeng-Ji Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Primary Care Clinics ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Pharmacist Workforce ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Although dispensing is usually separated from prescribing in healthcare service delivery worldwide, primary care clinics in some countries can hire pharmacists to offer in-house dispensing or point-of-care dispensing for patients’ convenience. This study aimed to provide a general overview of pharmacists working at primary care clinics in Taiwan. Special attention was paid to clarifying the relationship by location, scale, and specialty of clinics. The data source was the Government’s open database in Taiwan. In our study, a total of 8688 pharmacists were hired in 6020 (52.1%) 11,546 clinics. The result revealed significant differences in the number of pharmacists at different specialty clinics among levels of urbanization. Group practices did not have a higher probability of hiring pharmacists than solo practices. There was a higher prevalence of pharmacists practicing in clinics of non surgery-related specialties than in surgery-related specialties. Although the strict separation policy of dispensing and prescribing has been implemented for 2 decades in Taiwan, most primary care clinics seem to circumvent the regulation by hiring pharmacists to maintain dominant roles in dispensing drugs and retaining the financial benefits from drugs. More in-depth analyses are required to study the impact on pharmacies and the quality of pharmaceutical care.

scholarly journals 220 Choice of UK Medical School Predicts Success in The Intercollegiate Membership of The Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS) Examination

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ellis ◽  
D Scrimgeour ◽  
J Cleland ◽  
A Lee ◽  
P Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Regression Modelling ◽  
Gateway Courses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background UK medical schools vary in terms of factors such as mission, specific curricula and pedagogy. As relatively little is understood about the impact of these differences at a post-graduate level, we examined the relationship between medical school and MRCS success. Method Using the UKMED database we analysed data on UK medical graduates who attempted MRCS Part A (n = 9729) and MRCS Part B (n = 4644) between 2007-2017. Univariate analysis characterised the relationship between medical school and first attempt MRCS success. Logistic regression modelling identified independent predictors of MRCS success. Results MRCS pass rates differed significantly between medical schools (P < 0.001). Trainees from standard-entry 5-year programmes were more likely to pass MRCS at first attempt compared to those from extended (Gateway) courses ((Part A (Odds Ratio (OR) 3.72 [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 2.69-5.15]); Part B (OR 1.67 [1.02-2.76])). Non-graduates were more likely to pass Part A (OR 1.40 [1.19-1.64]) and Part B (OR 1.66 [1.24-2.24]). Russell Group graduates were more likely to pass MRCS Part A (OR 1.79 [1.56-2.05]) and Part B (OR 1.24 [1.03-1.49])). Conclusions Medical programme and medical school are associated with MRCS success. Further research is needed to tease out the relationship between individual factors, medical school and MRCS performance.

scholarly journals The impact of regular GP visits on diabetic potentially preventable hospitalisations

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Youens ◽  
Rachael Moorin
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Gp Visits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT ObjectivesPotentially preventable hospitalisations (PPHs) place a substantial burden on the Australian health system, with over 212,000 PPHs reported for diabetes alone in 2005/06. Timely and effective primary care may reduce the risk of acute episodes and subsequent hospitalisation among those with chronic diseases. The Medicare Enhanced Primary Care program, introduced to improve the regularity and quality of healthcare provided by GPs to Australians with chronic disease, has been shown to improve regularity of GP access. The aim of our study is to ascertain whether more regular GP access reduces diabetes PPHs. ApproachWhole of population longitudinal study using linked hospital, mortality, and general practice data. Regularity of GP access was determined through calculating the variance in the number of days between GP visits within a year. Regular GP contact was taken to indicate planned, proactive primary care, and irregular GP contact taken to indicate unplanned, reactive care. Multilevel modelling techniques were used to determine the relationship between regularity of GP access and diabetic PPHs in the population at risk of diabetes. Analyses were performed for the periods prior to and following the introduction of policies aimed at promoting primary care contact. ResultsThis paper will report results on the relationship between regular, proactive GP contact and diabetes PPHs in the population with and at risk of diabetes. Socio-demographic, geo-spatial and access factors were found to influence the regularity of GP access. Individual factors, in particular disease status, were found to substantially modify the relationship between regularity and PPH outcome. Findings differed between the periods prior to and following the introduction of government policies aimed at promoting proactive primary care in chronic disease. ConclusionFindings from this study will provide important evidence concerning strategies to reduce PPHs in relation to diabetes, which will be of interest to policy-makers wishing to reduce unnecessary hospitalisations. This work will extend to examine the impact of regularity on PPHs for a number of other chronic conditions considered priorities in Australia.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between COVID 19 Anxiety and Dementia Caregivers Burden and Suffering

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1058-1059
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn Lucas ◽  
Eleanor Batista-Malat ◽  
Seho Park ◽  
Shelly Johns ◽  
Nicole Fowler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Indiana University ◽  
Dementia Caregivers ◽  
Existential Suffering ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Pilot Trials ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The impact of COVID-19 on dementia caregivers is gaining new interest. It is unknown how the pandemic has impacted caregivers’ burden and existential suffering. Analyses were performed on data for dementia caregivers (n=89) enrolled in the Indiana University Telephone Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Caregivers (TACTICs) pilot trials. Individuals were primary caregivers of a family member with dementia and had clinically significant anxiety measured by a GAD-7 score >10 or between 5-9 with reported interference in life. COVID-19 anxiety was measured using the NIH CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey (CRISIS) questions. Caregivers were on average 55.2 years of age with 56.2% being child or child-in-law, 71.9% were white and 24.7% were Black. Mean burden scores, measured by the Zarit Burden Index, were higher (44.29) compared to means reported across the literature (26.7) indicating the sample experienced higher than normal levels of burden. Mean existential suffering scores measured by the subscale of Experience of Suffering Scale were lower (9.37) compared to means across the literature (11.5) indicating that overall participants experienced lower levels of existential suffering compared to those in previous studies. A significant relationship was found between COVID-19 anxiety and burden levels (x2= 9.07, p<0.05), with higher levels of COVID-19 anxiety associated with greater burden. A non-significant relationship was found between COVID-19 anxiety and existential suffering (x2=5.99, p=0.11). Results highlight the impact of COVID-19 anxiety as an external stressor on dementia caregiving. and the importance of considering context of external stressors when implementing intervention protocols for caregivers of individuals with dementia.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Business: Making Cents of Coding Systems: Billing for Professional Services

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Dee Adams Nikjeh
Keyword(s):  
Professional Services ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Program Funding ◽  
Fee Schedule ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Administrators and supervisors face daily challenges over issues such as program funding, service fees, correct coding procedures, and the ever-changing healthcare regulations. Receiving equitable reimbursement for speech-language pathology and audiology services necessitates an understanding of federal coding and reimbursement systems. This tutorial provides information pertaining to two major healthcare coding systems and explains the relationship of these systems to clinical documentation, the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule and equitable reimbursement. An explanation of coding edits and coding modifiers is provided for use in those occasional atypical situations when the standard use of procedural coding may not be appropriate. Also included in this tutorial is a brief discussion of the impact that the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 (HR 6331 Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act [MIPPA], 2008) has had on the valuation of speech-language pathology procedure codes.

The Need to Belong and the Relationship Between Loneliness and Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda-Marie Hartung ◽  
Britta Renner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health State ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Humans are social animals; consequently, a lack of social ties affects individuals’ health negatively. However, the desire to belong differs between individuals, raising the question of whether individual differences in the need to belong moderate the impact of perceived social isolation on health. In the present study, 77 first-year university students rated their loneliness and health every 6 weeks for 18 weeks. Individual differences in the need to belong were found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and current health state. Specifically, lonely students with a high need to belong reported more days of illness than those with a low need to belong. In contrast, the strength of the need to belong had no effect on students who did not feel lonely. Thus, people who have a strong need to belong appear to suffer from loneliness and become ill more often, whereas people with a weak need to belong appear to stand loneliness better and are comparatively healthy. The study implies that social isolation does not impact all individuals identically; instead, the fit between the social situation and an individual’s need appears to be crucial for an individual’s functioning.

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