Examining Forward and Backward Linkages between Public and Private Investments

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chandra Das ◽  
Amaresh Das ◽  
Kamal Ray
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Private Investments ◽  
The Face ◽  
Forward Linkage ◽  
Established Fact ◽  
Backward Linkages

Proper working of forward and backward linkages between the public and private investments in the face of balanced development of an economy is an already established fact in the literature of development economics.The present article is aimed at examining the working of these two linkage effects upon the economies of 24 countries in different economic status: whether public capital is more productive than private capital and finally to test whether public investments crowd-in or crowd-out the private investments for the period 1988–2013. The results show that, for the entire period, forward linkage has worked for Spain, Senegal and Ecuador and backward linkages worked for United States of America, United Kingdom, Thailand, South Africa, Nigeria, Cambodia, Rwanda and Paraguay. Both forward and backward linkages have happened for Ireland, China, India, Brazil and Peru. For the second objective, the numbers of instances of the income-generative capacities of both types of investments are a few in the entire as well pre-crisis phases unlike that of the post-crisis phase. And the results of the third objective show that there are the maximum instances in favour of crowding-in effects from either private to public or from public to private in all the time phases and a few instances in crowding-out effects. JEL: O18, H54, E22, E01

Use of the public-and-private partnership agreements in the conditions of imperfection of legal regulations in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
I. S. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Investments ◽  
The Russian Federation

The objective of this research is to consider some controversial issues of the development of public-and-private partnership (and concession agreements as its most common form) in Russia. Some complaints made by Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation to some infrastructure projects are reviewed. The author studied dynamics of private investments into infrastructure projects in the conditions of imperfect legal regulation. The assessment of the validity of the position of Federal Antimonopoly Service is given. It is predicted whether the legislative collisions will prevent the growth of private investments into infrastructure. Recommendations on the development of the mechanism of public-and-private partnership with the observance of antimonopoly regulation, as well as recommendation on the improvement of the legislation in this area are developed. The results of the research can be used by both private participants of public-and-private partnership and the federal, regional and municipal authorities, and also by legislators working on the improvement of the legislative regulation in this area.

A Lack of Language – Waging War or Combatting Crime? The Blurred Rule of International Law in the Face of the Attacks of September 11, 2001

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Binder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
The Face ◽  
The United Nations

After the terrorists' attacks of September 11, 2001, a lot of war rhetoric came out of the public and private sphere within the United States of America. On October 7, 2001, however, the rhetoric turned into reality as President George W. Bush countered the terrorist attacks and the threat of future terrorism with military means. While waging that new war U.S. governmental officials constantly make one important point, and that is that the United States are just exercising their right of self-defense. Moreover, on the day after the attacks, the Security Council of the United Nations unanimously reaffirmed the inherent right of self-defense as recognized by the Charter of the United Nations. Does that mean that international law is just that clear?

scholarly journals The Combined Effects of Public and Private Investments on Economic Growth in the CEMAC Zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noula Armand Gilbert ◽  
Chouafi Nguekam Orfé ◽  
Kamajou François
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Panel Data Estimation ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Private Investments ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluates the simultaneous impact of public and private investments on economic growth in the CEMAC zone between 1984 and 2017.To attain this aim, we use the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to test the direction of causality between the three variables above at the level of each country. We find that the direction of causality is not the same in all the countries both in the short as in long-run. We then develop an ideal model going from the Cobb Douglas production function which we quantitatively validate using panel data estimation through the method of Pool Mean Group which takes into account individual specificities. It arises that contrary to economic theory, private sector investments have positive and significant effects in short-run. However, the impact of public investments is negative and significant. In the long-run, the effects are reversed and call on the authorities of the CEMAC zone to reinforce the political risk to strengthen the public-private partnership in the process of sustainable growth.

Human Rights and Technology: New Challenges for Justice and Accountability

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-240
Author(s):  
Molly K. Land ◽  
Jay D. Aronson
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Public Service ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Face ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Fact Finding

This review surveys contemporary challenges in the field of technology and human rights. The increased use of artificial intelligence (AI) in decision making in the public and private sectors—e.g., in criminal justice, employment, public service, and financial contexts—poses significant threats to human rights. AI obscures and attenuates responsibility for harms in ways that undermine traditional mechanisms for holding wrongdoers accountable. Further, technologies that scholars and practitioners once thought would democratize human rights fact finding have been weaponized by state and non-state actors. They are now used to surveil and track citizens and spread disinformation that undermines public trust in knowledge. Addressing these challenges requires efforts to ensure that the development and implementation of new technologies respects and promotes human rights. Traditional distinctions between public and private must be updated to remain relevant in the face of deeply enmeshed state and corporate action in connection with technological innovation.

scholarly journals Comparative effectiveness of agricultural advisory services rendered by public and private sectors in the Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safder Abbas ◽  
Ghazanfar A. Khan ◽  
Babar Shahbaz ◽  
Muhammad T. Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advisory Services ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
The Face

Public and private extension sectors are meant to effectively disseminate agricultural technologies among farmers in order to improve the living standards of farmers through adoption of site specific and improved technologies. This study was conducted in 2018 to explore the effectiveness of Agricultural Advisory Service rendered by the public and private sectors in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Total 400 farmers, purposively selected from the two tehsils (sub-districts) of Multan District were interviewed through the face-to-face interview technique on a structured and pre-tested interview schedule. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the collected data. T-test was the key technique used to compare the two sectors. The results show that one-fourth (25.5%) of respondents had acquaintance with the Extension Field Staff (EFS) of the private sector as compared to 15.5% of respondents knowing about the public sector EFS by face only. Regarding contact, one-fifth (19.9%) of the respondents made a contact with the EFS of public sector twice a month while in contrast, more than half (53.1%) of respondents contacted EFS of private sector twice a month. The performance of the public sector (x̅=2.50±1.902) regarding the safe use of pesticides was comparatively better than private sector (x̅ =2.08±1.824). Farmers were more satisfied with the private sector in context of getting advisory services about harvesting of crops (x̅ =1.88±1.604) as compared to the public sector (x̅ =1.62±1.597). Study concluded that services provided by private EFS were comparatively effective as compared to public sector for many reasons. The study urges more development and institutionalization to the public sector in order to improve the performance of the public sector in best interest of farming communities.

scholarly journals Comparative effectiveness of agricultural advisory services rendered by public and private sectors in the Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safder Abbas ◽  
Ghazanfar A. Khan ◽  
Babar Shahbaz ◽  
Muhammad T. Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advisory Services ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
The Face

Public and private extension sectors are meant to effectively disseminate agricultural technologies among farmers in order to improve the living standards of farmers through adoption of site specific and improved technologies. This study was conducted in 2018 to explore the effectiveness of Agricultural Advisory Service rendered by the public and private sectors in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Total 400 farmers, purposively selected from the two tehsils (sub-districts) of Multan District were interviewed through the face-to-face interview technique on a structured and pre-tested interview schedule. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the collected data. T-test was the key technique used to compare the two sectors. The results show that one-fourth (25.5%) of respondents had acquaintance with the Extension Field Staff (EFS) of the private sector as compared to 15.5% of respondents knowing about the public sector EFS by face only. Regarding contact, one-fifth (19.9%) of the respondents made a contact with the EFS of public sector twice a month while in contrast, more than half (53.1%) of respondents contacted EFS of private sector twice a month. The performance of the public sector (x̅=2.50±1.902) regarding the safe use of pesticides was comparatively better than private sector (x̅ =2.08±1.824). Farmers were more satisfied with the private sector in context of getting advisory services about harvesting of crops (x̅ =1.88±1.604) as compared to the public sector (x̅ =1.62±1.597). Study concluded that services provided by private EFS were comparatively effective as compared to public sector for many reasons. The study urges more development and institutionalization to the public sector in order to improve the performance of the public sector in best interest of farming communities.

Terrorism weighs down Tunisia's economic recovery

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Foreign Investor ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Investor Confidence ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Face ◽  
Ruling Party

Significance Achieving this goal will require discipline in keeping increases in public sector wages to their projected levels -- no easy task in the face of still-restless labour at a time of division within the ruling party, Nidaa Tounes. Impacts A good relationship with the IMF could facilitate other lending -- from both the public and private sectors. However, troubles within the ruling coalition could undermine foreign investor confidence. Political divisions could also hinder crucial economic reforms, further delaying recovery.

scholarly journals Diversifying a Resource Dependent Economy: Private-Public Relationships in the Kuwaiti Economy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
AYELE GELAN ◽  
Geoffrey J.D. He ◽  
Ahmad AlAwadhi
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Sector Development ◽  
Sectoral Differences ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Backward Linkages

Abstract The Kuwaiti economy is characterized by two major structural imbalances – heavy dependence on oil and dominance of the public sector. Kuwait has struggled over the years to implement a two-pronged development strategy – diversifying the country’s economic base away from oil and promoting private sector development. This paper will explore the economic impact of some options currently being considered by using a unique set of input-output tables, derived from supply-use tables, that distinguish transactions made by private and public enterprises as well as providing a matrix of imports by sector. The public-private sector interdependence analysis revealed interesting results regarding sectoral differences in strengths of forward and backward linkages. For instance, the findings indicated that the strength of the publicly owned oil sectors lie in their forward linkages, supplying other sectors with their outputs but their backward linkages is weak. On the other hand, the chemicals industry is identified as one of the few sectors, which have balanced and relatively strong forward and backward linkages in both public and private sector. The policy analyses conducted in this paper are highly relevant to the ongoing policy debate in Kuwait over the design of the economic reform programs. The public-private sector linkage analysis has revealed insights into policy synergies through which one instrument can affect more than one policy target.

scholarly journals PRIVATISASI SISTEM PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DAN IMPUKASINYA BAGI PERUMUSAN AGENDA PENELITIAN DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasikun Nasikun
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Health Services ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Middle Way ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
The Face

In the face of the increasing potential of negative first generation impactsof medical industrialization and the privatization of health services in anera of globalization (i.e., increased incidence of infectious deseases andmalnutrition among the poorest poor of Indonesian population), the authorof this article proposes the imperative of finding a middle-way policy solutionto integrate the public and private systems of health services to guaranteethe provision of high quality services and the availability of accessible healthservices for the poor. After presenting a short discussion of the weaknesses ofthe public health system, he discusses the issue of medical industrializationand the privatization of health service institutions, and ends up with thepresentation of five possible alternative of health service systems at thePUSKESMAS level.

Can Gaius Really Be Compared To Darwin?

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Legal Reform ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
General Question ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common

One might, by way of introduction, return to the general question. What is one to make of the debate between Professor Birks and the apparent schematic disorder of the common law? One immediate response is to consign this whole debate to a past age. Those who believe that meaningful legal reform can be achieved through classification risk being ridiculed.7 Such a view is understandable. The amount of intellectual energy spent on emancipating unjust enrichment from the categories of contract, tort and equity seems to bear little relation to the actual social benefits detectable in the restitution decisions themselves.8 And the experimentation with the public and private law dichotomy appears to have proved of little worth in the face of such social horrors as child abuse.9

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document