scholarly journals Gender Difference in Longitudinal Social and Personal Factors Related to Frequency of Alcohol Consumption of South Korean Adults: A Fixed-Effects Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 258-265
Author(s):  
Baksun Sung
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Korean Adults

The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal social and personal factors related to frequency of alcohol consumption by South Korean adults focused on comparisons between men and women. Data came from the 2005-2016 Korea Welfare Panel Study. A fixed-effects model was used to examine the longitudinal correlations between dependent and independent variables. According to the present results, first, life satisfaction except for health satisfaction and marital status were not associated with alcohol consumption patterns by men. On the other hand, higher frequency of alcohol consumption by women was negatively associated with various life satisfaction variables and being married. Second, income levels were positively associated with higher frequency of alcohol consumption by men, whereas income levels were not associated with alcohol consumption by women. Finally, being employed was positively associated with higher frequency of alcohol consumption by both men and women. In conclusion, there were gender differences in how alcohol consumption was influenced by various sociocultural and life satisfaction factors in South Korea.

scholarly journals Association between change in handgrip strength and cognitive function in Korean adults: a longitudinal panel study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunkyu Kim ◽  
Seung Hoon Kim ◽  
Wonjeong Jeong ◽  
Sung-In Jang ◽  
Eun-Cheol Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Strength Change ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Examination

Abstract Background Muscular function, such as handgrip strength, has been suggested as an associated factor for cognitive impairment. This study investigated the association between temporal change in handgrip strength and cognitive function using longitudinal, nationwide data from Korean older adults. Methods Our study used data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). The analysis covered 6696 participants who had taken the handgrip strength test and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) from 2006 to 2018. We adopted general estimating equations to assess the temporal effect of handgrip strength change on cognitive function. Results After adjusting for covariates, we observed an association between handgrip strength and low MMSE scores (β = − 0.3142 in men, β = − 0.2685 in women). Handgrip strength as a continuous variable was positively correlated with MMSE scores after adjustment (β = 0.0293 in men, β = 0.0347 in women). The group with decreased handgrip strength over time also showed greater odds for mild cognitive impairment (OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.05–1.27 in men, OR = 1.15, 95%CI = 1.05–1.27 in women) and dementia (OR = 1.393, 95%CI = 1.18–1.65 in men, OR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.08–1.32 in women). Conclusions This study identified the relationship between handgrip strength change and cognitive function among South Korean adults. According to our large, longitudinal sample, decreasing handgrip strength was associated with decline in cognitive function.

scholarly journals Men Lose Life Satisfaction with Fewer Hours in Employment: Mothers Do Not Profit from Longer Employment—Evidence from Eight Panels

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-334
Author(s):  
Martin Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conflict Theory ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
East And West Germany

Abstract This article uses random and fixed effects regressions with 743,788 observations from panels of East and West Germany, the UK, Australia, South Korea, Russia, Switzerland and the United States. It shows how the life satisfaction of men and especially fathers in these countries increases steeply with paid working hours. In contrast, the life satisfaction of childless women is less related to long working hours, while the life satisfaction of mothers hardly depends on working hours at all. In addition, women and especially mothers are more satisfied with life when their male partners work longer, while the life satisfaction of men hardly depend on their female partners’ work hours. These differences between men and women are starker where gender attitudes are more traditional. They cannot be explained through differences in income, occupations, partner characteristics, period or cohort effects. These results contradict role expansionist theory, which suggests that men and women profit similarly from moderate work hours; they support role conflict theory, which claims that men are most satisfied with longer and women with shorter work hours.

scholarly journals The Negative Effect of Smartphone Use on Academic Performance May Be Overestimated: Evidence From a 2-Year Panel Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1351-1362
Author(s):  
Andreas Bjerre-Nielsen ◽  
Asger Andersen ◽  
Kelton Minor ◽  
David Dreyer Lassen
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Student Characteristics ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Course Characteristics ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, we monitored 470 university students’ smartphone usage continuously over 2 years to assess the relationship between in-class smartphone use and academic performance. We used a novel data set in which smartphone use and grades were recorded across multiple courses, allowing us to examine this relationship at the student level and the student-in-course level. In accordance with the existing literature, our results showed that students’ in-class smartphone use was negatively associated with their grades, even when we controlled for a broad range of observed student characteristics. However, the magnitude of the association decreased substantially in a fixed-effects model, which leveraged the panel structure of the data to control for all stable student and course characteristics, including those not observed by researchers. This suggests that the size of the effect of smartphone usage on academic performance has been overestimated in studies that controlled for only observed student characteristics.

My Gain or Your Loss? Changes in within-Couple Relative Wealth and Partners’ Life Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Tisch
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Relative Wealth ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relative Resources ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article studies the relationship between partner’s wealth share and their life satisfaction in different-sex couples using the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017). Resource-based theories and gender ideology are two prominent approaches to explain the effects of within-couple relative resources on various outcomes. Recently, scholars have argued that not relative but absolute personal resources are the crucial factor (autonomy perspective). Testing these different approaches is challenging because relative wealth mathematically perfectly depends on both partners’ absolute wealth, meaning the effects of relative and absolute wealth are hard to disentangle. To accurately test the theoretical approaches, this study analyses the relationship between relative wealth and life satisfaction under different conditions, such as whether relative wealth increases due to an increase in one’s own absolute wealth or a decrease in one’s partner’s absolute wealth. Individual fixed effects regressions show no statistically significant relationships between relative wealth and life satisfaction for men. In contrast, for women the relationship between their relative wealth and life satisfaction is significantly positive, in line with resource-based theories and the autonomy perspective. Further analyses reveal that this relationship is driven rather by changes in women’s own than in their partner’s absolute wealth.

Prevalent Low Thiamine Status Among Adults Living in Seoul Metropolitan Area (South Korea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 314-320
Author(s):  
Young-Nam Kim ◽  
Youn-Ok Cho
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Korean People ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Polished Rice ◽  
Seoul Metropolitan Area ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Food Recalls

Abstract. The thiamine status of South Korean people has not been recently reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine thiamine intake and status of Korean adults based on a biochemical index. Three consecutive 24-h food recalls and morning first-urine samples were obtained from 143 healthy adults (65 men and 78 women), aged 20–64 years, living in Seoul metropolitan area, Korea. Daily dietary thiamine intake of men and women was 1.42 ± 0.37 mg and 1.18 ± 0.24 mg, respectively. Only 9.1% of the subjects consumed less total thiamine (dietary plus supplemental thiamine) than the estimated average requirement for Koreans. The top 10 major dietary thiamine sources were pork, polished rice, ramyeon (Korean instant noodles), baechukimchi (Chinese cabbage), mandarin oranges, chicken, cow’s milk, bread, beef, and potatoes. Those top 10 foods provided 57.85% of the subjects’ dietary thiamine intake and the top 30 food sources provided 77.23% of their dietary thiamine intake. Urinary thiamine excretions for men and women were 37.20 ± 26.54 and 39.09 ± 28.80 μg/g creatinine, respectively. Urinary thiamine excretion was positively correlated with total thiamine intake (r = 0.3349, p < 0.0001). Approximately 40% of the subjects had urinary thiamine excretion < 27 μg/g creatinine, indicating thiamine deficiency. In conclusion, thiamine intake among Korean adults in this study was generally adequate, but there was a high prevalence of a low thiamine status. Further study is required to explain the incongruity of adequate intake and low thiamine status thiamine in the South Korean population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C in prisons worldwide: A meta-analysis during the years 2005-2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2235-2251
Author(s):  
Ghobad Moradi ◽  
Elham Goodarzi ◽  
Zaher Khazaei
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The World

Background: Viral hepatitis is still considered as a major cause of burden of disease in the world, and is the most common cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Prisoners are one of the groups most at risk for hepatitis. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C in prisons worldwide during the years 2005-2015. Method: In order to find relevant articles published from 2005 to 2015, two members of the research team searched the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The study was conducted using the random effects model and the fixed effects model. In order to examine heterogeneity, Cochran Q test was used at an error level of less than 10%; its quantity was estimated using the I2 indicator. The publication bias was measured using Begg’s rank correlation test and Egger’s linear regression method. After extracting the required data, the meta-analysis was performed using the software Stata 12. Results: A total of 43 studies which met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The results showed that the overall prevalence of hepatitis B in prisoners was 5.17% (95% CI: 2.19-9.30). The highest prevalence, that is, 13.14% (95% CI: 11.99-14.36), was observed in Africa. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, the highest prevalence, that is, 5.04% (95% CI: 4.45-5.67), was observed in the Western Pacific region. The prevalence of hepatitis B in men and women were, respectively, 6.70% (95% CI: 6.52-6.88) and 4.34% (95% CI: 3.98-4.79). The results showed that the overall prevalence of hepatitis C in prisoners was 13.22% (95% CI: 8.95- 8.16). The highest prevalence, that is, 26.4% (95% CI: 25.05-27.87), was observed in Australia. According to the WHO classification, the highest prevalence of hepatitis C, that is, 24.26% (95% CI: 21.6-27.02), was observed in the Southeast Asia region. The prevalence of hepatitis B in men and women were, respectively, 9.33% (95% CI: 1.56-1.98) and 6.25% (95% CI: 5.78-6.74). Conclusion: The prevalence of hepatitis B and C in prisoners was greater than that in the general population, and the prevalence in men was greater than that in women. Appropriate and effective interventions to reduce transmission of hepatitis B and C in the prisons worldwide is essential.

scholarly journals Home-ownership as a social norm and positional good: Subjective wellbeing evidence from panel data

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1290-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Foye ◽  
David Clapham ◽  
Tommaso Gabrieli
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
The Status ◽  
Positional Good ◽  
Empirical Contribution

Much attention has been devoted to examining the absolute benefits of home-ownership (e.g. security and autonomy). This paper, by contrast, is concerned with conceptualising and testing the relative benefits of home-ownership; those benefits that depend on an individual’s status in society. Home-ownership has previously been analysed as a social norm, implying that the relative benefits (costs) associated with being an owner (renter) are positively related to relevant others’ home-ownership values. The theoretical contribution of this paper is to additionally conceptualise home-ownership as a positional good, implying that the status of both home-owners and renters is negatively related to relevant others’ home-ownership consumption. The empirical contribution of this paper is to quantitatively test for these relative benefits in terms of subjective wellbeing. We run fixed effects regressions on three waves of the British Household Panel Study. We find that (1) a strengthening of relevant others’ home-ownership values is associated with increases (decreases) in the subjective wellbeing of home-owners (renters), and (2) an increase in relevant others’ home-ownership consumption decreases the life satisfaction of owners but has no effect for renters. Overall our findings suggest that (1) the relative benefits of home-ownership are both statistically significant and of a meaningful magnitude, and (2) home-ownership is likely to be both a social norm and a positional good. Without explicitly recognising these relative benefits, policymakers risk overestimating the contribution of home-ownership to societal wellbeing.

scholarly journals The Impact of Children’s Academic Competencies and School Grades on their Life Satisfaction: What Really Matters?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Lettau
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
School Grades ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Academic Competencies ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIncreasing demands in schools, higher pressure on children’s performance levels, and increasing mental health constraints raise questions about the impact of educational achievement on children’s life satisfaction. Therefore, this study investigates whether children’s academic competence levels and school grades affect their life satisfaction and if the effects vary by educational track. Complementing prior research, this study firstly uses fixed effects regressions to get closer to the estimation of the causal link between children’s academic competencies, school grades, and life satisfaction by eliminating time-constant confounding factors such as intelligence, early background characteristics, and genetic factors. By using valuable longitudinal data on academic competencies, school grades, and life satisfaction of children from a sample of 5th-grade students (N = 3045) of the National Educational Panel Study in Germany (NEPS) from 2010 to 2015 this study reaches also a broader external validity than prior research. Including various tracks, makes testing for heterogeneous effects by school track attended possible. Results indicate that, on average, children’s school grades seem to be highly important for their life evaluations. Moreover, the effect of school grades does not vary across educational tracks, i.e. school grades seem to matter for all children. In contrast, levels of academic competencies seem to be relevant only for specific subgroups. Investigating effect heterogeneities reveals that only among children in the lower secondary school tracks higher competencies are related to lower life satisfaction. Overall, the study highlights the importance of school grades and point out variation in the relevance of competence levels between school tracks.

scholarly journals A Gravity Model Approach towards Pakistan’s Bilateral Trade with SAARC Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waheed Ullah Jan ◽  
Mahmood Shah
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Trade Potential ◽  
The Common

This research paper attempts to estimate the bilateral trade of Pakistan with SAARC countries using a gravity model of trade. This panel study covers the period from 2003 to 2016. The empirical results are obtained through pooled OLS, fixed‑effects, and random‑effects estimators. On the basis of Hausman test results, the paper concentrates only on the findings of the fixed‑effects model. The empirical findings reveal that the GDPs of both Pakistan and the partner country have a positive impact on bilateral trade. Market size has a negative impact on trade and this is justified on the basis of the absorption effect. Similarly, distance and exchange rate also have a negative correlation with bilateral trade. The study finds that Pakistan has very low trade with India and Afghanistan, despite the common border. A common language has a positive but insignificant impact on Pakistan’s bilateral trade. The Paper also attempts to calculate the trade potential of Pakistan. The findings reveal that Pakistan has high trade potential with all SAARC member countries except the Maldives and Afghanistan.

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