Maternal and Neonatal Risk Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Population-Based Nationwide Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110663
Author(s):  
Seong Woo Kim ◽  
Taemi Youk ◽  
Jiyong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Claim Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Medical Claim ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Neonatal Risk Factors

To investigate the maternal and neonatal risk factors related to pregnancy and birth affecting the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders to their children using the medical claim data for the whole population. The study was conducted on all the babies born in Korea from 2005 to 2009 based on data from the National Health Information Database. All birth records were tracked from birth to December 31, 2015. To analyze factors related to the mother, data related to the mother of the newborn were collected. Increased maternal age was found to increase the risk of cerebral palsy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.22, 1.75]) and autism spectrum disorder (aOR = 1.48, 95% CI [1.25, 1.76]), while lowering the risk of intellectual disability (aOR = 1.83, 95% CI [1.33, 2.53]) and speech and language impairment (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI [1.08, 1.83]) compared with the reference group aged 25 to 29 years old. The incidence affected by socioeconomic factors varied according to the types of disorders. Among various risk factors, prematurity or low birth weight, problems associated with amniotic fluid or amniotic membrane, preeclampsia or eclampsia, and cesarean section affect the incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders. To reduce the incidence or severity of neurodevelopmental disorders, a better understanding of the risk factors of neurodevelopmental disorders is important. The results of this study can be used as basic data to help such understanding.

scholarly journals Immunity and mental illness: findings from a Danish population-based immunogenetic study of seven psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1445-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Nudel ◽  
Michael E. Benros ◽  
Morten Dybdahl Krebs ◽  
Rosa Lundbye Allesøe ◽  
Camilla Koldbæk Lemvigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Hla Association ◽  
Hla Genes

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes encode proteins with important roles in the regulation of the immune system. Many studies have also implicated HLA genes in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, these studies usually focus on one disorder and/or on one HLA candidate gene, often with small samples. Here, we access a large dataset of 65,534 genotyped individuals consisting of controls (N = 19,645) and cases having one or more of autism spectrum disorder (N = 12,331), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (N = 14,397), schizophrenia (N = 2401), bipolar disorder (N = 1391), depression (N = 18,511), anorexia (N = 2551) or intellectual disability (N = 3175). We imputed participants’ HLA alleles to investigate the involvement of HLA genes in these disorders using regression models. We found a pronounced protective effect of DPB1*1501 on susceptibility to autism (p = 0.0094, OR = 0.72) and intellectual disability (p = 0.00099, OR = 0.41), with an increased protective effect on a comorbid diagnosis of both disorders (p = 0.003, OR = 0.29). We also identified a risk allele for intellectual disability, B*5701 (p = 0.00016, OR = 1.33). Associations with both alleles survived FDR correction and a permutation procedure. We did not find significant evidence for replication of previously-reported associations for autism or schizophrenia. Our results support an implication of HLA genes in autism and intellectual disability, which requires replication by other studies. Our study also highlights the importance of large sample sizes in HLA association studies.

scholarly journals Low Birth Weight Prevalence in Children Diagnosed with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Dubai

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110317
Author(s):  
Faisal A. Nawaz ◽  
Meshal A. Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Risk Factors ◽  
Perinatal Risk ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of low birth weight and other perinatal risk factors in children diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders. This is one of the first studies in the Arabian Gulf region focused on the contribution of these factors toward the development of various disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and other mental disorders. This descriptive study was based on qualitative data analysis. We reviewed retrospective information from the electronic medical records of 692 patients in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The prevalence of low birth weight in children with mental disorders was significantly higher as compared to the general population (16% vs 6% respectively). Furthermore, other risk factors, including high birth weight and preterm birth were noted to have a significant association with neurodevelopmental disorders. Future research on the impact of perinatal risk factors will contribute to advancement of early intervention guidelines.

Abstract P672: Black White Disparity in Multiple Risk Factors is Increased in Older Young Adults

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachi Mehndiratta ◽  
Kathleen Ryan ◽  
Adeolu Morawo ◽  
Seemant Chaturvedi ◽  
Carolyn A Cronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke In Young Adults ◽  
Multiple Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Background: Stroke in young adults constitutes 15-18% of all ischemic strokes. Vascular risk factors contribute to stroke risk in young adults particularly older young adults. Few studies have addressed Black White differences in risk, stratified by age. We evaluated the prevalence of risk factors in the younger young (less than 40 years) vs. the older young adults (40 and above). Methods: A population based case control study with 1034 cases and 1091 controls, ages 15-49 was used to investigate the relationship between risk factors (DM, HTN, Smoking and Obesity) and stroke. Groups were defined by the number of risk factors (RF) among cases and controls : no risk factors (ref group), one RF, two RF, three RF and four RF. Prevalence of risk factors was determined in the entire population and stratified by age, sex and race. Logistic regression was used to determine odds of stroke based on the number of risk factors compared to the reference group. Results: The percent of cases with three or more risk factors was compared in different subgroups: ages 15-39 vs. 40-49 was 8.4 vs. 21.6, women vs. men was 15.6 vs. 18.6 and White vs. Black was 12.3 vs. 22.7. Among cases 40 years and older, Blacks were 3 times more likely than Whites (5.9 vs. 2) to have four or more risk factors.Across all age, race and sex subgroups, the odds of having a stroke increased exponentially with an increase in the number of risk factors. Conclusion: Blacks are more likely to have multiple risk factors than Whites. This difference is accentuated in those 40 years and older. Targeting young adults with multiple risk factors for preventive interventions would address a root case of excess stroke risk especially among Blacks.

scholarly journals Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in siblings

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Jokiranta-Olkoniemi ◽  
Keely Cheslack-Postava ◽  
Petteri Joelsson ◽  
Auli Suominen ◽  
Alan S. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractBackgroundProbands with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for several psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. The risk of these disorders among the siblings of probands has not been thoroughly assessed in a population-based cohort.MethodsEvery child born in Finland in 1991–2005 and diagnosed with ADHD in 1995–2011 were identified from national registers. Each case was matched with four controls on sex, place, and date of birth. The full siblings of the cases and controls were born in 1981–2007 and diagnosed in 1981–2013. In total, 7369 cases with 12 565 siblings and 23 181 controls with 42 753 siblings were included in the analyses conducted using generalized estimating equations.Results44.2% of the cases and 22.2% of the controls had at least one sibling diagnosed with any psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorder (risk ratio, RR = 2.1; 95% CI 2.0–2.2). The strongest associations were demonstrated for childhood-onset disorders including ADHD (RR = 5.7; 95% CI 5.1–6.3), conduct and oppositional disorders (RR = 4.0; 95% CI 3.5–4.5), autism spectrum disorders (RR = 3.9; 95% CI 3.3–4.6), other emotional and social interaction disorders (RR = 2.7; 95% CI 2.4–3.1), learning and coordination disorders (RR = 2.6; 95% CI 2.4–2.8), and intellectual disability (RR = 2.4; 95% CI 2.0–2.8). Also, bipolar disorder, unipolar mood disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, other neurotic and personality disorders, substance abuse disorders, and anxiety disorders occurred at increased frequency among the siblings of cases.ConclusionsThe results offer potential utility for early identification of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in at-risk siblings of ADHD probands and also argue for more studies on common etiologies.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated With Language in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Clues to Underlying Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Tager-Flusberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose Identifying risk factors associated with neurodevelopmental disorders is an important line of research, as it will lead to earlier identification of children who could benefit from interventions that support optimal developmental outcomes. The primary goal of this review was to summarize research on risk factors associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Method The review focused on studies of infants who have older siblings with ASD, with particular emphasis on risk factors associated with language impairment that affects the majority of children with ASD. Findings from this body of work were compared to the literature on specific language impairment. Results A wide range of risk factors has been found for ASD, including demographic (e.g., male, family history), behavioral (e.g., gesture, motor) and neural risk markers (e.g., atypical lateralization for speech and reduced functional connectivity). Environmental factors, such as caregiver interaction, have not been found to predict language outcomes. Many of the risk markers for ASD are also found in studies of risk for specific language impairment, including demographic, behavioral, and neural factors. Conclusions There are significant gaps in the literature and limitations in the current research that preclude direct cross-syndrome comparisons. Future research directions are outlined that could address these limitations.

scholarly journals Feeding and Eating Disorder and Risk of Subsequent Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyun Shan ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Jiong Li
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Emotional Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Background: There are limited data concerning the long-term mental health of children with feeding and eating disorder (FED). We aimed to investigate whether children with FED are at greater risks of developing emotional/behavioral disorders with onset usually during childhood, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and intellectual disability (ID).Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study, including all singleton births in Denmark from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2015. For each child diagnosed with FED, 10 age- and sex-matched controls who did not meet the criteria for FED were randomly selected from the general population. Associations were estimated with Cox regression modes adjusting for other perinatal and maternal factors, and sibling analyses were performed for controlling potential confounding by shared familial (genetic or environmental) factors.Results: Of the 1,256,989 individuals in the cohort, there were 1967 (53.4% girls) children diagnosed with FED. Children with FED had higher risks for clinically diagnosed emotional/behavioral disorders with onset usually in childhood (hazard ratio [HR], 2.78; 95% CI, 2.34–3.31), ADHD (HR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.33–2.26), ASD (HR, 3.05; 95% CI, 2.36–3.94), and ID (HR, 6.38; 95% CI, 4.48–9.11), compared with matched controls. Girls with FED are at greater risks for emotional/behavioral disorders and ID, but not ADHD and ASD. Alike, in sibling analysis, increased rates are also observed for other neurodevelopmental disorders, but not for ADHD.Conclusion: Children with FED are associated with substantially increased risks of emotional/behavioral disorders, ADHD, ASD, and ID. This study highlights the importance of carefully monitoring neurodevelopmental disorders in children with FED.

scholarly journals Translational Outcomes Relevant to Neurodevelopmental Disorders Following Early Life Exposure of Rats to Chlorpyrifos

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L Berg ◽  
Tianna M Ching ◽  
Donald A Bruun ◽  
Josef K Rivera ◽  
Milo Careaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Short Period

Abstract Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including intellectual disability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are pervasive, lifelong disorders for which pharmacological interventions are not readily available. Substantial increases in the prevalence of NDDs over a relatively short period cannot be attributed solely to genetic factors and/or improved diagnostic criteria. There is now a consensus that multiple genetic loci combined with exposure(s) to environmental risk factors during critical periods of neurodevelopment influence NDD susceptibility and symptom severity. Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides have been identified as potential environmental risk factors. Epidemiological studies suggest children exposed prenatally to the OP pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) have significant mental and motor delays and strong positive associations for the development of a clinical diagnosis of developmental delay, ADHD, or ASD. Methods: We tested the hypothesis that developmental CPF exposure impairs behavior relevant to NDD phenotypes, i.e., deficits in social communication and repetitive, restricted behavior. Male and female rat pups were exposed to CPF at 0.1, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg (s.c.) from postnatal days 1-4. Results: These CPF doses did not significantly inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity in the blood or brain but significantly impaired pup ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) in both sexes. Social communication in juveniles via positive affiliative 50-kHz USV playback was absent in females exposed to CPF at 0.3 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg. In contrast, this CPF exposure paradigm had no significant effect on gross locomotor abilities or contextual and cued fear memory. Ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging largely found no differences between the CPF rats and the corresponding vehicle controls; however there were some interesting trends in females at a dosage of 0.3 mg/kg. Conclusions: This work characterizes a rat model of developmental CPF exposure that exhibits adverse behavioral phenotypes resulting from perinatal exposures at levels that did not significantly inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity in brain or blood. These data suggest that current regulations regarding safe levels of CPF need to be reconsidered.

scholarly journals In-Utero SSRI and SNRI Exposure and the Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study Utilizing Linked Administrative Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Singal ◽  
Dan Chateau ◽  
Matthew Dahl ◽  
Shelley Derksen ◽  
Chelsea Ruth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Spectrum Disorder

IntroductionMany studies demonstrating an association between in utero exposure to serotonergic antidepressants and higher risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children are confounded by history of maternal depression and disease severity. We conducted a population-based analysis of women diagnosed with mood/anxiety disorder, a patient population for whom pharmacotherapy is clearly indicated. Objectives and ApproachUsing linked population-based administrative data, we identified all mother-newborn pairs in Manitoba (born 1996 to 2009, with follow-up through 2014). High dimensional propensity scores and inverse probability treatment weighting were used to address confounding by indication and disease severity. The final trimmed cohort consisted of mothers who were diagnosed with a mood/anxiety disorder from 90 days prior to conception until delivery (n=4995). Cox Proportional Hazard Regression models were used to estimate risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder, epilepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. In addition to clinical data, we used novel education data to define outcomes in children. ResultsAmong the cohort of mothers diagnosed with a mood/anxiety disorder during pregnancy or up to 90 days before, 16.8% received at least two dispensations of an SSRI or SNRI during pregnancy. We did not observe an association between use of SSRIs/SNRIs during pregnancy and increased risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder (hazard ratio 0.92; 95% CI 0.42 to 2.03), epilepsy (hazard ratio 1.21; 95% CI 0.48 to 3.05), or ADHD (hazard ratio 1.13, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.64) among offspring. Conclusion/ImplicationsIn the absence of randomized control trials, large observation studies using sophisticated data analysis are the gold standard of evidence to help patients and clinicians making the decision to continue antidepressant use during pregnancy. Results of this study reassure women for whom the medication is clinically indicated.

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