Public Capital and Private Sector Productivity: A Review of the Empirical Evidence

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Otto ◽  
Graham Voss
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
The Relationship

This paper contains a survey of recent empirical research on the relationship between public capital and private sector production. The implications of these empirical studies for policy debates over the appropriate level of public capital are also examined.

The Effect of Prisons on Crime

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Tahamont ◽  
Aaron Chalfin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter presents empirical evidence regarding the (in)effectiveness of prisons for reducing crime. The authors begin with a brief discussion of the mechanisms through which incarceration affects crime, followed by a review of research that presents empirical evidence on the relationship between prisons and crime. This section separates empirical research on the total effect of prison on crime from empirical studies intended to isolate the deterrent or incapacitation effects of prison. Death penalty studies are also reviewed for insight into whether capital punishment has any short- or long-term effects on homicide rates. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the policy implications that follow from the empirical research on prison effects on crime.

Spotting a liar by looking for microexpressions: Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunbing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
High Stake ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Cues To Deception ◽  
The Relationship

Microexpressions do exist, and they are regarded as valid cues to deception by many researchers, furthermore, there is a lot of empirical evidence which substantiates this claim. However, some researchers don’t think the microexpression can be a way to catch a liar. The author elucidates the theories predicting that looking for microexpressions can be a way to catch a liar, and notes that some data can support for the utilization of microexpressions as a good way to detect deception. In addition, the author thinks that the mixed results in the area of investigating microexpressions and deception detection may be moderated by the stake. More empirical studies which employ high-stake lies to explore the relationship between microexpressions and deception detection are needed.

The Relationship Between Proof and Certainty in Mathematical Practice

2022 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-84
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Mathematical Practice ◽  
Advanced Mathematics ◽  
Mathematics Educators ◽  
The Relationship

Many mathematics educators believe a goal of instruction is for students to obtain conviction and certainty in mathematical statements using the same types of evidence that mathematicians do. However, few empirical studies have examined how mathematicians use proofs to obtain conviction and certainty. We report on a study in which 16 advanced mathematics doctoral students were given a task-based interview in which they were presented with various sources of evidence in support of a specific mathematical claim and were asked how convinced they were that the claim was true after reviewing this evidence. In particular, we explore why our participants retained doubts about our claim after reading its proof and how they used empirical evidence to reduce those doubts.

Experimental Evidence on the Relationship Between Candidate Funding Sources and Voter Evaluations

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor M. Dowling ◽  
Michael G. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Campaign Finance ◽  
Campaign Strategy ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
American Elections ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMoney comes from a variety of sources in American elections. It is unclear however whether voters’ knowledge about a candidate's funding portfolio influences how that candidate is evaluated. We present the results of two survey experiments in which we randomly assigned the composition of donors from various categories to a hypothetical candidate. We find that on average a candidate described as having received a majority of his contributions from individuals is evaluated more highly than one who received a majority of his contributions from interest groups. We also find that when it comes to self-financing a campaign, using private sector money is more beneficial to candidates than using inherited money, but only when the candidate is a member of the same party as the voter. Our results have implications for campaign strategy, academic debates concerning the effect of money on elections, and policy debates concerning the effects of increased campaign finance disclosure.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF GREEN STRATEGY AND GREEN INVESTMENT TOWARD CARBON EMISSION DISCLOSURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-112
Author(s):  
Zalida Afni ◽  
Lindawati Gani ◽  
Chaerul D Djakman ◽  
Elvia Sauki
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
The World ◽  
Green Investment ◽  
Green Strategy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Green Investments ◽  
Private Sector Organization

This research aims to test the influence of the green strategy and green investment against disclosure of carbon emissions. Global warming leads to extreme climate change in various places around the world including in Indonesia. There is strong evidence that it is caused by human activity, mainly from burning fossil fuels so as to have an impact on the increasing greenhouse gases. One of the company's efforts in reducing the impact of carbon emissions is by disclosure of carbon emissions. Research on the relationship of the disclosure of carbon emissions by a factor of green strategy and green investments at private sector organization is still relatively limited and there are differences in the methods used. This research contributes to providing empirical evidence about the influence of the green strategy and green investment against disclosure of carbon emissions. Research on the relationship of the disclosure of carbon emissions by a factor of green strategy and green investments at private sector organization is still relatively limited and there are differences in the methods used. This research contributes to providing empirical evidence about the influence of the green strategy and green investment against disclosure of carbon emissions. This research using a sample of companies listed on stock exchanges in the country which is included in the rate of carbon emissions in the world, namely Indonesia and German. This study uses data from the 2014-2016 period in the annual report and the corporate sustainability report. The results showed that there is a significant influence of the green strategy and green investment against disclosure of carbon emissions

Religion, Virtues, and Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal M. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Theory Construction ◽  
Conceptual Scheme ◽  
Religion And Health ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
The Relationship

The literature on the relationship between religion and health is vast, but it is in a state of disarray. One empirical study has been piled upon another, while little effort has been made to integrate them into a more tightly knit theoretical whole. This book was designed to address this problem. It is the product of 40 years of empirical research, hundreds of peer-reviewed publications, and countless hours of deep reflection. This volume contributes to the literature in three ways: (1) a unique approach to theory construction and model development is presented that is designed to produce a conceptual scheme that is evidence based and empirically verifiable; (2) a new construct—communities of faith—that has largely been overlooked in empirical studies on religion is introduced; and (3) the need is highlighted for a no-holds-barred discussion of how to practice one’s research craft.

Why Do Public Employees Desire Intrinsic Nonmonetary Opportunities?

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Bright
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Service Motivation ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
The Relationship

Public administration research has consistently demonstrated that public employees possess a higher desire for intrinsic nonmonetary opportunities than their private sector counterparts. Yet it is not entirely clear why. Researchers have largely assumed that public service motivation is the reason for these findings. However, no empirical research to date has directly tested this assumption while also taking into account alternate explanations. This study aims to fill that gap in the literature by empirically investigating the relationship that public service motivation has to the intrinsic nonmonetary preferences of public employees while controlling for several confounding explanations. This article closes with some summary findings, a discussion of contributions to the current literature on public service motivation, and the identification of a few issues that deserve further investigation.

The Relationship Between Islamic Religion and Ethical Leadership

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Terki Alazmi
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
Constructionist Approach ◽  
The Relationship

Empirical research on how Islam influences leaders' behaviours and business practices is not easily available. The separation of church and state has never been an Islamic precept; therefore, this paper investigates how Islamic religion affects ethical leadership amongst Kuwait's private sector leaders. Using a constructionist approach within which 40 leaders from Kuwaiti private sector organisations were interviewed, in the banking, investment, real estate and services sectors. The study provides important insights into the concepts related to good and ethical leadership in a non-Western environment and enriches our knowledge in this sector of the management field.

scholarly journals Holding doctrinal belief as an artefact

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
ELENA KALMYKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Lived Religion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
The Way

Abstract In this article, I consider how empirical research on religious belief poses a puzzle for the relationship between religious doctrines and lived religion, and develop one solution to that puzzle. The empirical evidence shows that believers are commonly incorrect about the content of doctrinal statements, and apparently not much interested in that content. I argue that this finding calls for a new understanding of the role of doctrinal commitments in religious life. I propose that in many cases believers relate to doctrinal statements in rather the way that they relate to sacred artefacts, that is, by way of an attitude of reverence and strong adherence, and independently of any attempt to discern the content of doctrinal claims. I note how this account avoids some of the difficulties of alternative solutions, which may undermine the claim of religious beliefs to count as genuine beliefs.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Yoga and Spirituality: A Systematic Review of Empirical Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Csala ◽  
Constanze Maria Springinsfeld ◽  
Ferenc Köteles
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Hungarian Language ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Present Systematic Review ◽  
Yoga Practitioners

ObjectiveBoth yoga practice and spirituality are associated with beneficial mental health outcomes. Within yoga research, however, spirituality is still a widely neglected area. The present systematic review aims to explore empirical studies, which do, in fact, investigate the relationship between yoga and spirituality in order to provide an overview and future directions for research on this topic. The review examines whether available empirical research supports an association between yoga practice and spirituality and, if so, which specific aspects of spirituality are associated with yoga practice.MethodsThe systematic review followed the PRISMA guideline (Prospero registration number: CRD42020155043). Empirical studies written in English, German, or Hungarian language were selected from a database search in Google Scholar, PsycINFO, and Science Direct. A total of 30 studies met the final inclusion criteria.ResultsAccording to the quantitative and qualitative studies reviewed, yoga practice seems to be positively associated with spirituality. This association concerns various aspects of spirituality, such as spiritual aspirations, a search for insight/wisdom, an integrative worldview, a sense of meaning and peace, faith, hope, compassion, and happiness within. To harness the potential spiritual benefits of yoga, regular practice appears to be essential. Yoga practitioners seem to have both physical and spiritual motives for practicing. At least in Western societies, however, physical intentions are more prevalent than spiritual ones. The meaning of spirituality for yoga practitioners is also discussed. Due to risk of bias of the majority of the reviewed studies, however, outcomes must be taken with caution.ConclusionYoga practice may be positively associated with several aspects of spirituality. For more evidence, further investigation of the topic is suggested. Particularly, we propose the inclusion of holistic forms of yoga practice and a comparison of Eastern and Western approaches to yoga.

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