Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus found in milk macrophages but not in milk lymphocytes or mammary gland epithelia of naturally infected sheep

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110391
Author(s):  
Marta Borobia ◽  
Marcelo De las Heras ◽  
Javier Godino ◽  
Luis M. Ferrer ◽  
Delia Lacasta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Positive Results

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) causes ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma. JSRV can be transmitted via infected colostrum or milk, which contain somatic cells (SCs) harboring JSRV provirus. Nevertheless, the cell types involved in this form of transmission and the involvement of the mammary gland remain unknown. We separated adherent cells (macrophages and monocytes) by plastic adherence, and lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and B cells) by flow cytometry, from SCs in milk samples from 12 naturally infected, PCR blood test JSRV–positive, subclinical ewes. These cell populations were tested by PCR to detect JSRV provirus. The ewes were euthanized, and mammary gland samples were analyzed immunohistochemically to detect JSRV surface protein. We did not detect JSRV provirus in any milk lymphocyte population, but milk adherent cells were positive in 3 of 12 sheep, suggesting a potential major role of this population in the lactogenic transmission of JSRV. Immunohistochemistry did not reveal positive results in mammary epithelial cells, pointing to a lack of participation of the mammary gland in the biological cycle of JSRV and reducing the probability of excretion of free viral particles in colostrum or milk.

Autocrine prolactin as a promotor of mammary tumour growth

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (S1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Manhes ◽  
Vincent Goffin ◽  
Paul A Kelly ◽  
Philippe Touraine
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Mammary Gland Differentiation

Prolactin (PRL) plays a key role in normal growth, development and differentiation of the mammary gland. Indeed, strong evidence suggests that the development of alveolar cells requires not only oestradiol and progesterone, but also PRL. In vitro, PRL has mitogenic activity on normal mouse mammary epithelial cells (reviewed in Das & Vonderhaar, 1997). In vivo, PRL also seems to be involved in such proliferative activity, although it is more difficult to distinguish the role of PRL from the influence of the hormonal milieu (Das & Vonderhaar, 1997). This physiological role of PRL in lobular development of the mammary gland is supported by results obtained from mice deficient for PRL (Horseman et al. 1997) or for its receptor (PRLR) (Ormandy et al. 1997). Although the infertility of females homozygous for the deletion of the PRLR gene (PRLR−/−) can be partially reversed by restoring progesterone levels close to normal, their mammary gland fails to differentiate during pregnancy, leading to lactation failure (Binart et al. 2000). In addition, heterozygous mice (PRLR+/−), who have half normal receptor levels, show impaired mammary gland development and fail to lactate following their first pregnancy, clearly indicating that signals mediated by the PRL/PRLR interaction have to achieve a certain level to permit mammary gland differentiation and lactation (Kelly et al. 2002). Since the pioneering work of Topper (Topper, 1970), who observed that PRL was necessary to induce casein synthesis, our understanding of the mechanism of such induction has greatly expanded. PRL appears to be the primary hormone involved in this activity, although other hormones such as insulin and glucocorticoids are also required for lactation.

Role of extracellular matrix and prolactin in functional differentiation of bovine BME-UV1 mammary epithelial cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kozłowski ◽  
J. Wilczak ◽  
T. Motyl ◽  
M. Gajewska
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Mammary Epithelial

Role of extracellular matrix and prolactin in functional differentiation of bovine BME-UV1 mammary epithelial cells Interactions between extracellular matrix (ECM) and epithelial cells are necessary for proper organisation and function of the epithelium. In the present study we show that bovine mammary epithelial cell line BME-UV1 cultured on ECM components, commercially available as Matrigel™, constitutes a good model for studying mechanisms controlling functional differentiation of the bovine mammary gland. In contact with Matrigel BME-UV1 cells induce apicobasal polarity, and within 16 days form three dimensional (3D) acinar structures with a centrally localized hollow lumen, which structurally resemble mammary alveoli present in the functionally active mammary gland. We have shown that the 3D culture system enables a high expression and proper localisation of integrin receptors and tight junction proteins in BME-UV1 cells to be induced. This effect was not obtained in cells grown in the classical 2D culture system on plastic. Moreover, ECM highly stimulated the synthesis of one of the major milk proteins, β-casein, even in the absence of prolactin. Our results show that contact with ECM plays an important role in the lactogenic activity of bovine MECs, however, prolactin is necessary for the efficient secretion of milk proteins.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs in the development and neoplasia of the mammary gland

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1018
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Jena
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Altered Expression

Study on the role of microRNAs (miRs) as regulators of gene expression through posttranscriptional gene silencing is currently gaining much interest,due to their wide involvement in different physiological processes. Understanding mammary gland development, lactation, and neoplasia in relation to miRs is essential. miR expression profiling of the mammary gland from different species in various developmental stages shows their role as critical regulators of development. miRs such as miR-126, miR-150, and miR-145 have been shown to be involved in lipid metabolism during lactation. In addition, lactogenic hormones influence miR expression as evidenced by overexpression of miR-148a in cow mammary epithelial cells, leading to enhanced lactation. Similarly, the miR-29 family modulates lactation-related gene expression by regulating DNA methylation of their promoters. Besides their role in development, lactation and involution, miRs are responsible for breast cancer development. Perturbed estrogen (E2) signaling is one of the major causes of breast cancer. Increased E2 levels cause altered expression of ERα, and ERα-miR cross-talk promotes tumour progression. miRs, such as miR-206, miR-34a, miR-17-5p, and miR-125 a/b are found to be tumour suppressors; whereas miR-21, miR-10B, and miR-155 are oncogenes. Oncogenic miRs like miR-21, miR-221, and miR-210 are overexpressed in triple negative breast cancer cases which can be diagnostic biomarker for this subtype of cancer.  This review focuses on the recent findings concerning the role of miRs in developmental stages of the mammary gland (mainly lactation and involution stages) and their involvement in breast cancer progression. Further studies in this area will help us to understand the molecular details of mammary gland biology, as well as miRs that could be therapeutic targets of breast cancer.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs in the development and neoplasia of the mammary gland

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Jena
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Altered Expression

Study on the role of microRNAs (miRs) as regulators of gene expression through posttranscriptional gene silencing is currently gaining much interest,due to their wide involvement in different physiological processes. Understanding mammary gland development, lactation, and neoplasia in relation to miRs is essential. miR expression profiling of the mammary gland from different species in various developmental stages shows their role as critical regulators of development. miRs such as miR-126, miR-150, and miR-145 have been shown to be involved in lipid metabolism during lactation. In addition, lactogenic hormones influence miR expression as evidenced by overexpression of miR-148a in cow mammary epithelial cells, leading to enhanced lactation. Similarly, the miR-29 family modulates lactation-related gene expression by regulating DNA methylation of their promoters. Besides their role in development, lactation and involution, miRs are responsible for breast cancer development. Perturbed estrogen (E2) signaling is one of the major causes of breast cancer. Increased E2 levels cause altered expression of ERα, and ERα-miR cross-talk promotes tumour progression. miRs, such as miR-206, miR-34a, miR-17-5p, and miR-125 a/b are found to be tumour suppressors; whereas miR-21, miR-10B, and miR-155 are oncogenes.Studies using an ACI rat model showed similar findings of miR dysregulation due to excess E2, and a natural phenol antioxidant ellagic acid showed therapeutic properties by reversing the miR dysregulation. This review focuses on the recent findings concerning the role of miRs in developmental stages of the mammary gland (mainly lactation and involution stages) and their involvement in breast cancer progression. Further studies in this area will help us understand the molecular details of mammary gland biology,as well as miRs that could be therapeutic targets of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Evidence of Rab3A Expression, Regulation of Vesicle Trafficking, and Cellular Secretion in Response to Heregulin in Mammary Epithelial Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 9092-9101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna K. Vadlamudi ◽  
Rui-An Wang ◽  
Amjad H. Talukder ◽  
Liana Adam ◽  
Randy Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Vesicle Trafficking ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Coated Vesicle ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Breast Epithelial Cells ◽  
Breast Epithelial ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Heregulin β1 (HRG), a combinatorial ligand for human growth factor receptors 3 and 4, is a regulatory polypeptide that promotes the differentiation of mammary epithelial cells into secretory lobuloalveoli. Emerging evidence suggests that the processes of secretory pathways, such as biogenesis and trafficking of vesicles in neurons and adipose cells, are regulated by the Rab family of low-molecular-weight GTPases. In this study, we identified Rab3A as a gene product induced by HRG. Full-length Rab3A was cloned from a mammary gland cDNA library. We demonstrated that HRG stimulation of human breast cancer cells and normal breast epithelial cells induces the expression of Rab3A protein and mRNA in a cycloheximide-independent manner. HRG-mediated induction of Rab3A expression was blocked by an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase but not by inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinases p38MAPK and p42/44MAPK. Human breast epithelial cells also express other components of regulated vesicular traffic, such as rabphilin 3A, Doc2, and syntaxin. Rab3A was predominantly localized in the cytosol, and HRG stimulation of the epithelial cells also raised the level of membrane-bound Rab3A. HRG treatment induced a profound alteration in the cell morphology in which cells displayed neuron-like membrane extensions that contained Rab3A-coated, vesicle-like structures. In addition, HRG also promoted the secretion of cellular proteins from the mammary epithelial cells. The ability of HRG to modify exocytosis was verified by using a growth hormone transient-transfection system. Analysis of mouse mammary gland development revealed the expression of Rab3A in mammary epithelial cells. Furthermore, expression of the HRG transgene in Harderian tumors in mice also enhanced the expression of Rab3A. These observations provide new evidence of the existence of a Rab3A pathway in mammary epithelial cells and suggest that it may play a role in vesicle trafficking and secretion of proteins from epithelial cells in response to stimulation by the HRG expressed within the mammary mesenchyma.

MicroRNA-432 inhibits milk fat synthesis by targeting SCD and LPL in ovine mammary epithelial cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyun Hao ◽  
Yuzhu Luo ◽  
Jiqing Wang ◽  
Jon Hickford ◽  
Huitong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

In our previous studies, microRNA-432 (miR-432) was found to be one of differentially expressed miRNAs in ovine mammary gland between the two breeds of lactating sheep with different milk production...

Bovine mammary epithelial cells, initiators of innate immune responses to mastitis

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gray ◽  
Y. Strandberg ◽  
L. Donaldson ◽  
R. L. Tellam
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Innate immunity plays a vital role in the protection of the bovine mammary gland against mastitis. Until recently, the migration of effector cells such as neutrophils and monocytes into the mammary gland was thought to provide the only defence against invading pathogens. However, mammary epithelial cells may also play an important role in the immune response, contributing to the innate defence of the mammary tissue through secretion of antimicrobial peptides and attraction of circulating immune effector cells. This paper reviews the innate immune pathways in mammary epithelial cells and examines their role in the initiation of an innate immune response to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

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