Exploring Genetic Literacy in a Small Hispanic Population

2020 ◽  
pp. 104365962093812
Author(s):  
Kimberly Subasic ◽  
Rebecca Kronk ◽  
Andrea Mantione ◽  
Maria Vital
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Hispanic Population ◽  
Literacy Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genetic Literacy ◽  
Qualitative Feedback ◽  
Social Decisions ◽  
Back Translation

Introduction: Genetic literacy recognizes one’s ability to gather, understand, and apply genomic information to make informed health care choices and social decisions. A limited understanding of genomic literacy carries the potential for poor health outcomes. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the usefulness of an assessment tool to ascertain genetic literacy in a small Hispanic clinic population. Methodology: Mixed-method, cross-sectional pilot study requiring forward-back translation of an established questionnaire. Twenty Spanish-speaking adults were recruited through purposive and convenience sampling. Results: Forward–back translation provided a comparable questionnaire. Participants indicated information was relevant. Qualitative feedback uncovered regional differences. Quantitative results reported descriptive statistics, frequencies, and Cronbach alphas. Discussion: Findings from this study reveal the need for genetic literacy assessment tools that are attuned to the linguistic, ethnic, and cultural differences within the Hispanic population.

The Association Between Breastfeeding Duration and Language Development Survey (LDS) Score in Children Aged 18 - 35 months

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Faradilah ◽  
Andi Musafir Rusyaidi ◽  
Syatirah Jalaluddin ◽  
Ary I Savitri
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Language Delay ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) campaign on breastfeeding as the best source of nourishment for new-born and young children has contributed to increase public’s concern about the practice. Furthermore, several medical studies showed the benefit of breastfeeding on children’s cognitive function, including language development. However, most of the language assessment tools used in such studies had limited ability in identifying children’s language delay. Language Development Survey (LDS), as a recently developed assessment tool, is expected to provide more detailed information in the area especially related to treatment strategy purposes. This study was aimed to examine the association between breastfeeding duration and children’s LDS score. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data from 286 breastfeeding mothers with children aged 18-35 months old. Children with delayed growth were excluded from the study. Data on breastfeeding duration (BF) and subjects’ characteristics were obtained using a questionnaire. Mother’s Body mass index (BMI) and children’s weight-for-age were measured as proxies for nutritional status. The LDS-word checklist was administered to assess children’s vocabulary and phrase development. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association. Results: The findings revealed that 158 children (55.2%) were breastfed for more than 18 months (BF > 18 mos), 78 children (27%) for 7-18 months (BF 7-18 mos) and 50 children (17.5%) for 6 months or less (BF B 6 mos). Language delays were detected in 91 (31.8%) children (scores on LDS-vocabulary) and in 51 (35.7%) children (scores on LDS-phrase). Breastfeeding duration did not associate with the occurrence of language delay based either on LDS-vocabulary or on LDS-phrase score criteria. In comparison with BF a 6 mos, BF 7-18 mos had adjusted OR (aOR) for language delay of 0.86 (0.30 to 2.47, p 0.79) based on vocabulary score and aOR 0.8 (0.18 to 3.55, p 0.78) based on phrase score, while > 18 months had aOR of 0.57 (0.23 to 1.42, p 0.23) and aOR 0.46 (0.14 to 1.67, p 0.25), respectively. Conclusion: Breastfeeding duration was not associated with the occurrence of language delay. This observation merits further investigations on duration in each breastfeeding time and prospective studies to investigate its association with children language development.

Embedding Performance Assessments for Leaders into Preparation

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-314
Author(s):  
Margaret Terry Orr ◽  
Liz Hollingworth ◽  
Janice Cook
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Performance Assessments ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Embedding Performance ◽  
Principal Preparation Program

This article presents pilot study results of two leadership performance assessments, designed for a California principal preparation program and embedded in preparation using two learning approaches. The pilot study had two purposes: to evaluate the assessments‘ content validity and to evaluate the candidates’ leadership skills as demonstrated through their assessment products and an independent self-assessment tool. The evidence showed the tasks to be valid and useful tools for formative leadership development for different candidates and school settings. Participant feedback on the assessments‘ benefits and independent self-assessment ratings provided construct validation. We concluded that these are promising assessment tools for programs’ use in candidate assessment.

Abstract 16831: Identifying Barriers to Hypertension Care: Development and Validation of a Behavioral Assessment Tool for Optimizing Linkage and Retention to Hypertension Care in Kenya (LARK Hypertension Study)

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Douglas ◽  
Jackson Rotich ◽  
Peninah Kiptoo ◽  
Kennedy K Lagat ◽  
Kennedy Mutai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
Qualitative Feedback ◽  
Development And Validation

Introduction: Hypertension is the leading risk factor for global mortality. Hypertension treatment rates are low, partly due to inadequate linkage and retention to care. The LARK Study evaluates the use of community health workers (CHWs), equipped with a behavioral assessment and a tailored behavioral change strategy, to improve linkage and retention to hypertension care in Kenya. Here we describe the development and validation of the assessment tool used by CHWs to identify patients’ barriers to care, facilitating behavioral change communication. Methods: We derived behavioral assessment items from prior research on barriers to hypertension care in Kenya. Patients, CHWs, and clinicians scored each item for clarity and representativeness, and provided qualitative feedback during focus groups. A content validity index (CVI), representing inter-rater agreement of scores, was calculated for each item. Multivariable linear mixed-effects models were used to compare CVIs and level of modification (none, minor, major, or deleted) by participant category. Results: We tested 70 items in 9 focus groups. Mean CVIs were greater than 0.9 in all study groups (Table). Multivariable adjustment revealed that patients and CHWs had significantly higher CVIs than clinicians. Despite this, qualitative feedback from patients and CHWsled to higher item modification rates. 37 items were retained in the linkage assessment and 57 items in the retention assessment. Conclusions: The mean CVI was greater than 0.9 in all study populations, indicating excellent inter-rater agreement of the overall clarity and representativeness of assessment items. However, CVI alone could not account for modifications suggested during qualitative discussions. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods yielded the most informative evaluation of assessment items. These findings may be relevant to the validation of similar assessment tools in other low-resource settings.

Validity of Thai Nutritional Assessment Form and Nutrition Triage 2013 to Diagnose Malnutrition in Non-Dialytic Chronic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1801-1806
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammation Score

Background: Malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) is a universal tool to assess the presence of malnutrition among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). An appropriate diagnosis coding for malnutrition affects hospital reimbursement in Thailand. The Nutrition Alert Form (NAF) and the Nutritional Triage (NT-2013) have been approved as standard nutrition assessment tools for general populations. Objective: To study the validity of the NAF and the NT-2013 among patients with MIS at non-dialytic CKD stages 3 to 5. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients with non-dialytic CKD stages 3 to 5. NAF, NT-2013, and MIS nutritional assessment tools were performed in all subjects. Cohen’s kappa statistics and Pearson’s correlation were used to determine the validity of NAF and NT-2013. Results: Two hundred seven participants were included in the present study. According to the MIS assessment classification, normal to mild, moderate, and severe malnutrition were diagnosed in 59.9%, 34.8%, and 5.3%, respectively. The correlation between NAF and NT-2013 when compared with MIS were r=0.619 and r=0.689 (p<0.001), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of assessment score to diagnose moderate to severe malnutrition were 47.6, 75.9, and 0.698 (95% CI 0.628 to 0.768) in NAF score greater than 5, and 100, 3.6, and 0.707 (95% CI 0.637 to 0.777) in NT-2013 score greater than 7, respectively. Conclusion: Among patients with CKD stages 3 to 5, the nutritional assessment tool NAF and NT-2013 correlated well with MIS. It seemed that NAF score is an alternative nutritional assessment tool with moderate sensitivity and specificity test, and NT-2013 score is suitable for a screening nutritional assessments tool to identify malnutrition with high sensitivity but very low specificity in a CKD population. Keywords: Nutritional assessment form (NAF); Nutritional Triage 2013 (NT-2013); Malnutrition inflammation score (MIS); Chronic kidney disease

scholarly journals SIGNIFICANCE OF COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT IN RELATION TO OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PRACTICE, AN EXPLORATORY STUDY FOR PAKISTAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY GUIDELINES

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Aliza Imtiaz
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Occupational Therapist ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Outpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Authentic Evaluation

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cognition is defined as the ability to perceive process and comprehend the information from the surrounding. Impairment in cognitive skills can significantly affect individual’s performance. The objective of the study is to identify the commonly used cognitive assessment tools by occupational therapist and determine its significance in occupational therapy practice. METHODOLOGY A total of 150 participants were enrolled in the cross-sectional survey that was responded by occupational therapist working in pediatric domain specifically in outpatient rehabilitation setting. The self-structured questionnaire was validated by factor analysis through SPSS. RESULTS: The findings of this study revealed that 96% of occupational therapists performed cognitive assessment out of which only 9.6% occupational therapist administer standardized assessments due to incompetency and lack of resources the rest use informal mode of assessments. Mini mental state examination (MMSE) is found to be most common cognitive assessment tool while tools like Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) is rarely used though it is very significant for Activities of daily living (ADL) cognition CONCLUSION It was concluded that the need of cognitive assessment in pediatric setting is an integral component in occupational therapy process for authentic evaluation and effective intervention plan. The curriculum must promote efficient training of standardize assessment and resources should be provided for better outcome and prognosis.

scholarly journals Development and validation of Dementia Solat Score for detecting cognitive impairment among Muslim patients: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-775
Author(s):  
Hoon Lang Teh ◽  
Mohd Azri Mohd Suan ◽  
Rosnah Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Hafizuddin Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severe Stage ◽  
Impaired Group

Background & Objective: Low education and simplicity of lifestyle of Malaysian older adults may mask the early signs of dementia and lead to late presentation with various complications and neglect. From clinical observation, decline in prayer performance in older Muslims might be a sign of cognitive impairment. This study aim to develop and validate an objective assessment tool for dementia based on Muslim routine prayer performance status. Methods: This was a pilot study which involved Muslim participants aged 50 and above. They were divided into normal cognitive control group and cognitive impaired group. Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) was done on all participants upon recruitment, and Dementia Solat Score (DSS) was done by another group of assessors which were blinded to CDR findings. All the statistical analyses was performed using R statistical software, Version 3.5.2. Results: There were total of 36 participants, 16 from normal cognitive control group and 20 from cognitive impaired group. DSS score was significantly lower in cognitive normal control (median=0, IQR=0) compared to cognitive impaired group (median=4, IQR=9.0), Z=-4.54, p<0.001. Spearman’s rank-order correlation test between CDR and DSS revealed a positive correlation between the two assessment tools, r= 0.920, p<0.001. The cut-off point of 1 and above in DSS showed a sensitivity of 85.0%, specificity of 93.8%, positive predictive value of 94.4% and negative predictive value of 83.3%. Conclusions: This pilot study showed that DSS has high sensitivity and specificity in detecting cognitive impairment among Muslim patients. A higher score in DSS may indicate more severe stage of disease.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural validation of the IRB Researcher Assessment Tool: Chinese Version

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Liu ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
Min Yang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Jessica Hahne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Organizational Policies ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
Research Standards

Abstract Background Using an effective method for evaluating Institutional Review Board (IRB) performance is essential for ensuring an IRB’s effectiveness, efficiency, and compliance with applicable human research standards and organizational policies. Currently, no empirical research has yet been published in China evaluating IRB performance measures by the use of a standardized tool. This study was therefore conducted to develop a Chinese version of the IRB Researcher Assessment Tool (IRB-RAT), assess the psychometric properties of the Chinese version (IRB-RAT-CV), and validate the tool for use in China. Methods In this cultural adaptation, cross-sectional validation study, the IRB-RAT-CV was developed through a back-translation process and then distributed to 587 IRB staff members and researchers in medical institutions and schools in Hunan Province that review biomedical and social-behavioral research. Data from the 470 valid questionnaires collected from participants was used to evaluate the reliability, content validity, and construct validity of the IRB-RAT-CV. Results Participants’ ratings of their ideal and actual IRB as measured by the IRB-RAT-CV achieved Cronbach's alpha 0.989 and 0.992, Spearman-Brown coefficient 0.964 and 0.968, and item-total correlation values ranging from 0.631 to 0.886 and 0.743 to 0.910, respectively. Conclusion The IRB-RAT-CV is a linguistically and culturally applicable tool for assessing the quality of IRBs in China.

Reliability and Validity of Physical Tools and Measurement Methods to Quantify Hand Swelling: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Llanos ◽  
Ellen Yanxiang Gan ◽  
Jophie Chen ◽  
Mi-Joung Lee ◽  
Sharon L Kilbreath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Health Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Assessment

Abstract Objective Hand swelling may result from injury or trauma. Various physical assessment tools and measurement methods can be used to quantify the volume or size of the hand or fingers; however, the reliability and validity of each tool and measurement method have not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of physical assessment tools and methods used to quantify hand and finger volume or size. Methods MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched using key terms related to swelling, edema, volume, size, hand, measures, reliability and validity. Cross-sectional or longitudinal studies that assessed reliability and/or validity of physical assessment tools or measurement methods to quantify hand swelling. Two examiners independently extracted data from the included articles and appraised the articles’ quality using the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) methodology. Data extracted from studies analysing reliability and validity were grouped by type of assessment tool and measurement method. Conclusions Five physical assessment tools used for quantification of hand swelling were evaluated. All measurement methods with these tools had good to excellent reliability and moderate to high validity. The evidence underpinning the figure-of-eight technique, which uses a tape measure, was the highest. Because these physical assessment tools and measurement methods assess different aspects and regions of the hand, which one is selected would depend on the region of interest for assessment and the availability of tools. Impact Reliable tools and measurement methods are available to measure the size or volume of the hand and fingers, either together or separately. The best tool will depend on the aim of assessment and tool availability.

Assessment of pain in children with cerebral palsy focused on translation and clinical feasibility of the revised FLACC score

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Line Kjeldgaard Pedersen ◽  
Ole Rahbek ◽  
Lone Nikolajsen ◽  
Bjarne Møller-Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Cognitive Debriefing ◽  
Forward Translation ◽  
Back Translation

AbstractBackground and aimsAssessment of pain in children with cognitive impairment (CI) including cerebral palsy (CP) is difficult. Several pain assessment tools have been developed and validated for use in children with CI. The revised Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability score (r-FLACC) includes core behaviours of children with CI and adds an open-ended descriptor for individualisation (5 items assigned 0–2 points, total range 0–10). Other pain assessment tools including individual pain behaviours are the Individualised Numeric Rating Scale (INRS) and the Paediatric Pain Profile (PPP). Both the Noncommunicating Childrens’s Pain Checklist – Postoperative version (NCCPC-PV) and the Echelle Douleur Enfant San Salvador (DESS) are developed from core pain behaviours for children with CI but have no possibility for individualisation. For successful clinical application a pain assessment tool should not only be reliable and valid, but also clinically feasible. The aim of this study was to select the most valid and feasible pain assessment tool for children with CI and translate that tool into Danish.MethodsA literature review on studies on pain, pain assessment tools, feasibility and CI was performed. Studies were evaluated with focus on children with CI not able to self-report pain and the r-FLACC was chosen for translation. A10 step translation process guideline was used from the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Group, which describes preparation, forward translation, reconciliation, back translation, back translation review, harmonization, cognitive debriefing, review of cognitive debriefing, finalisation, proofreading, and final report.ResultsStudies show that the r-FLACC is superior regarding clinical feasibility. The r-FLACC is a useful tool for assessing pain in children with CI due to its ease to use in a clinical setting and its use of both core and individual pain behaviours. In the back translation review discrepancies of words between the original and the back-translated English versions were assessed and in three of nine discrepancies a word was changed. In the cognitive debriefing no issues were found regarding understandability, interpretation or cultural relevance of the translation. No other language translations of the r-FLACC score have been published; hence the harmonisation step with a comparison of the English back translations was not possible.ConclusionsThe r-FLACC is assessed to have the most preferable profile with use of core pain behaviours, flexibility regarding individualisation, good psychometric properties, and high clinical feasibility; hence suited for use in Danish children with CP. A Danish version of the r-FLACC score now exits and may be used in a clinical setting for the assessment of pain.ImplicationsIt is important for health-care professionals to be able to assess pain in hospitalized children with CP who are not able to self-report. The r-FLACC score is clinically feasible and has the potential for becoming the gold standard of pain assessments in children with CP. A standardised approach to pain assessment may lead to an increased focus on pain and help improve the treatment of pain in children with CP in Denmark.

scholarly journals Score of “eat-ability” as a predictor of malnutrition in patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer: a pilot study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAIANE DIAS BARREIRO
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Cancer ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

ABSTRACT Introduction: Decreased food intake, loss of appetite, and dysphagia are relevant symptoms in patients with gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer. However, these symptoms have been isolated or indirectly assessed when comprising quality of life questionnaires or risk assessment tools. Objective: To determine whether a combined assessment of dysphagia, appetite and food intake may be used as a parameter of eat-ability (food capacity) in patients with GIT cancer.Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study on 41 patients with GIT cancer were evaluated using a score for “eat-ability” (SEA) as compared to Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), anthropometry and laboratory profile.Results: 11 (27%) patients had full eat-ability (SEA 0), 3 (7%) had moderate (SEA 1) and 27 (66%) had poor (SEA ≥2) eat-ability, which were significantly different, between upper and lower GIT tumours (p≤ 0.05). By ROC curves, SEA 1 and ≥2 showed an 80% for both sensibility (95%CI: 0.48-0.95) and specificity (95%CI: 0.63-0.91) to PG-SGA (A and B) with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.79 (95%CI: 0.64-0.95); p=0.006. Patients with SEA ≥2 had a significantly weight loss within 3 (p=0.001) and 6 months (p<0.001) when compared to patients with SEA 0 and 1.  Mortality was also significantly higher (p=0.01) among patients with critical food capacity by SEA (77%) in severely unnourished patients by PG-SGA (84%).Conclusion: By combining food intake, dysphagia and appetite assessment altogether, a reliable score clearly demonstrated compromised eating capacity affecting nutritional status of patients with GIT tumours at a higher risk for death.  Keywords: Dysphagia, Food Intake, Appetite, Unnourished, Gastrointestinal Cancer, Weight Loss. 

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