Modeling and experimental investigation of magnetically coupling bending-torsion piezoelectric energy harvester based on vortex-induced vibration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2110482
Author(s):  
Wentao Sui ◽  
Huirong Zhang ◽  
Chongqiu Yang ◽  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Rujun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Torsion Angle ◽  
Piezoelectric Layer ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Vortex Induced Vibration ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

This paper presents a magnetically coupling bending-torsion piezoelectric energy harvester based on vortex-induced vibration from low-speed wind. The theoretical model of the energy harvester was formulated and validated by wind tunnel experiments. Numerical and experimental results showed that the power output and bandwidth of the proposed harvester are improved about 180% and 230% respectively compared with the nonmagnetic coupling harvester. Furthermore, the effects of cylinder, piezoelectric layer, load resistance, and magnetic nonlinear parameters on the harvester were investigated based on the distributed parameter model. The results showed that the length of cylinder hardly affect output power, but the diameter of cylinder presented complicated influences. The width of piezoelectric beam was negatively correlated with the torsion angle. With increasing the length of piezoelectric layer, an optimal wind velocity and load resistance can be obtained for the maximum output power. With decreasing of the distance between two magnets, the resonant bandwidth, the optimal power output, and torsion angle can be enhanced, respectively. Besides, the magnetic potential energy increased owing to the magnetically coupling, which led to the improvement of onset speed for the energy harvester. This study provides a guideline on improving the performance of bending-torsion vibration piezoelectric energy harvester.

scholarly journals Analytical Modeling of a Doubly Clamped Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Axial Excitation and Its Experimental Characterization

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3861
Author(s):  
Jie Mei ◽  
Qiong Fan ◽  
Lijie Li ◽  
Dingfang Chen ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Axial Excitation

With the rapid development of wearable electronics, novel power solutions are required to adapt to flexible surfaces for widespread applications, thus flexible energy harvesters have been extensively studied for their flexibility and stretchability. However, poor power output and insufficient sensitivity to environmental changes limit its widespread application in engineering practice. A doubly clamped flexible piezoelectric energy harvester (FPEH) with axial excitation is therefore proposed for higher power output in a low-frequency vibration environment. Combining the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and the D’Alembert principle, the differential dynamic equation of the doubly clamped energy harvester is derived, in which the excitation mode of axial load with pre-deformation is considered. A numerical solution of voltage amplitude and average power is obtained using the Rayleigh–Ritz method. Output power of 22.5 μW at 27.1 Hz, with the optimal load resistance being 1 MΩ, is determined by the frequency sweeping analysis. In order to power electronic devices, the converted alternating electric energy should be rectified into direct current energy. By connecting to the MDA2500 standard rectified electric bridge, a rectified DC output voltage across the 1 MΩ load resistor is characterized to be 2.39 V. For further validation of the mechanical-electrical dynamical model of the doubly clamped flexible piezoelectric energy harvester, its output performances, including both its frequency response and resistance load matching performances, are experimentally characterized. From the experimental results, the maximum output power is 1.38 μW, with a load resistance of 5.7 MΩ at 27 Hz, and the rectified DC output voltage reaches 1.84 V, which shows coincidence with simulation results and is proved to be sufficient for powering LED electronics.

Complex Impedance Matching for Power Improvement of a Circular Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

2011 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Yan Wang ◽  
Xiao Biao Shan ◽  
Tao Xie
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Complex Impedance ◽  
Complex Conjugate ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Matching Load

The impedance matching and the optimization of power from a circular piezoelectric energy harvester with a central-attached mass are studied. A finite element model is constructed to analyze the electrical equivalent impedance of the circular piezoelectric energy harvester. Furthermore, the complex conjugate matching load is used to extract the maximum output power of the energy harvester. The power output from complex conjugate matching load is compared with the power output from the resistive matching load and a constant resistance, separately. The results suggest that the complex conjugate matching can result in a significant increase of the output power for all frequencies. The effective bandwidth of the piezoelectric energy harvester is extended significantly.

scholarly journals Bidirectional Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (18) ◽  
pp. 3845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrius Čeponis ◽  
Dalius Mažeika ◽  
Artūras Kilikevičius
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Harmonic Vibrations ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Bending Modes

This paper represents a numerical and experimental investigation of the bidirectional piezoelectric energy harvester. The harvester can harvest energy from the vibrating base in two perpendicular directions. The introduced harvester consists of two cantilevers that are connected by a particular angle and two seismic masses. The first mass is placed at a free end of the harvester while the second mass is fixed at the joining point of the cantilevers. The piezoelectric energy harvester employs the first and the second out of plane bending modes. The numerical investigation was carried out to obtain optimal geometrical parameters and to calculate the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the harvester. The energy harvester can provide stable output power during harmonic and impact-based excitation in two directions. The results of the investigations showed that energy harvester provides a maximum output power of 16.85 µW and 15.9 4 µW when the base has harmonic vibrations in y and z directions, respectively. Maximum output of 4.059 nW/N and 3.1 nW/N in y and z directions were obtained in case of impact based excitation

System Parameter Optimization for a Frequency-Up-Conversion Piezoelectric Energy Harvester With Backward Mechanical-Electric Coupling Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengxia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Harmonic Excitation ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Dynamic Damping ◽  
The Galerkin Method ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In this work, a parametric model for a frequency-up-conversion piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) was developed based on the Galerkin method. The PEH is composed of a piezoelectric bimorph and a stopper, which was subjected to a harmonic excitation. Although backward coupling results in a structure dynamic damping, models with neglected backward coupling were often adopted to estimate the output power of a piezoelectric energy harvester. The purpose of this work is to examine the effect of backward coupling on the dynamic response and the output power generation for a frequency-up-conversion PEH. With the same base excitations, we compared the dynamics and output energies of two cases: (1) neglecting the backward coupling effect (BCE) in the model and (2) including the BCE in the model. To obtain the optimum gap with maximum output power, we studied the relationship between the output power and the gap of the steady-state solutions. From the analytical results, it was found that the BCE can be neglected as long as there is no impact or the output power is small. However, once impacts get involved, the piezoelectric backward effect dominates the total damping due to small mechanical damping which is true for most PEH. The backward coupling will significantly diminish both the vibration and output power. Therefore, if the BCE is neglected in an impact-driven frequency-up-conversion PEH, the simplified model will exaggerate the output power.

scholarly journals Optimization of Non-Uniform Deformation on Piezoelectric Circular Diaphragm Energy Harvester with a Ring-Shaped Ceramic Disk

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 963
Author(s):  
Chaoqun Xu ◽  
Yuanbo Li ◽  
Tongqing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Ceramic Disk ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Circular Diaphragm

Piezoelectric energy harvesting technology using the piezoelectric circular diaphragm (PCD) has drawn much attention because it has great application potential in replacing chemical batteries to power microelectronic devices. In this article, we have found a non-uniform strain distribution inside the PCD energy harvester. From the edge to the center of the ceramic disk, its output voltage first increases and then decreases. This uneven output voltage reduces the output power of the PCD energy harvester. Based on this phenomenon, we reduce the ceramic disk diameter and dig a hole in the center, analyzing the effect of removing the ceramic disk’s low output voltage part on the PCD energy harvester. The experimental results show that removing the ceramic disk’s low output voltage part can improve the output power, reduce the resonance frequency, and increase the optimal impedance of the PCD energy harvester. Under the conditions of 10 g proof mass, 9.8 m/s2 acceleration, the PCD energy harvester with a 19-mm diameter and a 6-mm hole can reach a maximum output power of 8.34 mW.

scholarly journals Modeling, Validation, and Performance of Two Tandem Cylinder Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters in Water Flow

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Rujun Song ◽  
Chengwei Hou ◽  
Chongqiu Yang ◽  
Xianhai Yang ◽  
Qianjian Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

This paper studies a novel enhanced energy-harvesting method to harvest water flow-induced vibration with a tandem arrangement of two piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) in the direction of flowing water, through simulation modeling and experimental validation. A mathematical model is established by two individual-equivalent single-degree-of-freedom models, coupled with the hydrodynamic force obtained by computational fluid dynamics. Through the simulation analysis, the variation rules of vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, power generation and the distribution of flow field are obtained. And experimental tests are performed to verify the numerical calculation. The experimental and simulation results show that the upstream piezoelectric energy harvester (UPEH) is excited by the vortex-induced vibration, and the maximum value of performance is achieved when the UPEH and the vibration are resonant. As the vortex falls off from the UPEH, the downstream piezoelectric energy harvester (DPEH) generates a responsive beat frequency vibration. Energy-harvesting performance of the DPEH is better than that of the UPEH, especially at high speed flows. The maximum output power of the DPEH (371.7 μW) is 2.56 times of that of the UPEH (145.4 μW), at a specific spacing between the UPEN and the DPEH. Thereupon, the total output power of the two tandem piezoelectric energy harvester systems is significantly greater than that of the common single PEH, which provides a good foreground for further exploration of multiple piezoelectric energy harvesters system.

scholarly journals Study of the Properties of a Hybrid Piezoelectric and Electromagnetic Energy Harvester for a Civil Engineering Low-Frequency Sloshing Environment

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Nan Wu ◽  
Yuncheng He ◽  
Jiyang Fu ◽  
Peng Liao
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Piezoelectric Film ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Level Height

In this paper a novel hybrid piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy harvester for civil engineering low-frequency sloshing environment is reported. The architecture, fabrication and characterization of the harvester are discussed. The hybrid energy harvester is composed of a permanent magnet, copper coil, and PVDF(polyvinylidene difluoride) piezoelectric film, and the upper U-tube device containing a cylindrical fluid barrier is connected to the foundation support plate by a hinge and spring. The two primary means of energy collection were through the vortex street, which alternately impacted the PVDF piezoelectric film through fluid shedding, and the electromotive force (EMF) induced by changes in the magnetic field position in the conducting coil. Experimentally, the maximum output power of the piezoelectric transformer of the hybrid energy harvester was 2.47 μW (circuit load 270 kΩ; liquid level height 80 mm); and the maximum output power of the electromagnetic generator was 2.72 μW (circuit load 470 kΩ; liquid level height 60 mm). The low-frequency sloshing energy collected by this energy harvester can drive microsensors for civil engineering monitoring.

Modelling of Mechanical Nonlinearity in an Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester Using a Forced Duffing Equation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Moss ◽  
L. A. Vandewater ◽  
S. C. Galea
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Duffing Oscillator ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Homotopy Analysis ◽  
Wire Coil

This work reports on the modelling and experimental validation of a bi-axial vibration energy harvesting approach that uses a permanent-magnet/ball-bearing arrangement and a wire-coil transducer. The harvester’s behaviour is modelled using a forced Duffing oscillator, and the primary first order steady state resonant solutions are found using the homotopy analysis method (or HAM). Solutions found are shown to compare well with measured bearing displacements and harvested output power, and are used to predict the wideband frequency response of this type of vibration energy harvester. A prototype harvesting arrangement produced a maximum output power of 12.9 mW from a 12 Hz, 500 milli-g (or 4.9 m/s2) rms excitation.

scholarly journals FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF MEMS PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY SCAVENGER BASED ON PZT THIN FILM

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Aliza Aini Md Ralib ◽  
Nur Wafa Asyiqin Zulfakher ◽  
Rosminazuin Ab Rahim ◽  
Nor Farahidah Za'bah ◽  
Noor Hazrin Hany Mohamad Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
The World

Vibration energy harvesting has been progressively developed in the advancement of technology and widely used by a lot of researchers around the world. There is a very high demand for energy scavenging around the world due to it being cheaper in price, possibly miniaturized within a system, long lasting, and environmentally friendly. The conventional battery is hazardous to the environment and has a shorter operating lifespan. Therefore, ambient vibration energy serves as an alternative that can replace the battery because it can be integrated and compatible to micro-electromechanical systems. This paper presents the design and analysis of a MEMS piezoelectric energy harvester, which is a vibration energy harvesting type. The energy harvester was formed using Lead Zicronate Titanate (PZT-5A) as the piezoelectric thin film, silicon as the substrate layer and structural steel as the electrode layer. The resonance frequency will provide the maximum output power, maximum output voltage and maximum displacement of vibration. The operating mode also plays an important role to generate larger output voltage with less displacement of cantilever. Some designs also have been studied by varying height and length of piezoelectric materials. Hence, this project will demonstrate the simulation of a MEMS piezoelectric device for a low power electronic performance. Simulation results show PZT-5A piezoelectric energy with a length of 31 mm and height of 0.16 mm generates maximum output voltage of 7.435 V and maximum output power of 2.30 mW at the resonance frequency of 40 Hz. ABSTRAK: Penuaian tenaga getaran telah berkembang secara pesat dalam kemajuan teknologi dan telah digunakan secara meluas oleh ramai penyelidik di seluruh dunia. Terdapat permintaan yang sangat tinggi di seluruh dunia terhadap penuaian tenaga kerana harganya yang lebih murah, bersaiz kecil dalam satu sistem, tahan lama dan mesra alam. Manakala, bateri konvensional adalah berbahaya bagi alam sekitar dan mempunyai jangka hayat yang lebih pendek. Oleh itu, getaran tenaga dari persekitaran lebih sesuai sebagai alternatif kepada bateri kerana ia mudah diintegrasikan dan serasi dengan sistem mikroelektromekanikal. Kertas kerja ini  membentangkan reka bentuk dan analisis tenaga piezoelektrik MEMS iaitu salah satu jenis penuaian tenaga getaran. Penuai tenaga ini dibentuk menggunakan Lead Zicronate Titanate (PZT-5A) sebagai lapisan filem tipis piezoelektrik, silikon sebagai lapisan substrat dan keluli struktur sebagai lapisan elektrod. Frekuensi resonans akan memberikan hasil tenaga maksima, voltan tenaga maksima dan getaran jarak maksima. Mod pengendalian juga memainkan peranan penting bagi menghasilkan tenaga yang lebih besar. Reka bentuk yang mempunyai ketinggian dan panjang berlainan juga telah diuji dengan menggunakan bahan piezoelektrik yang sama. Oleh itu, projek ini akan menghasilkan simulasi piezoelektrik MEMS yang sesuai digunakan bagi alat elektronik berkuasa rendah. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan dengan panjang 31 mm dan ketinggian 0.16 mm, piezoelektrik PZT ini menghasilkan voltan maksima sebanyak 7.435 V dan tenaga output maksima 2.30 mW pada frekuensi resonans 40 Hz.

Study of Cantilever Structures Based on Piezoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting at Low Frequency of Vibration

2014 ◽  
Vol 976 ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Ambrosio ◽  
Hector Gonzalez ◽  
Mario Moreno ◽  
Alfonso Torres ◽  
Rafael Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Coupling Coefficients ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

In this work is presented a study of a piezoelectric energy harvesting device used for low power consumption applications operating at relative low frequency. The structure consists of a cantilever beam made by Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) layer with two gold electrodes for electrical contacts. The piezoelectric material was selected taking into account its high coupling coefficients. Different structures were analyzed with variations in its dimensions and shape of the cantilever. The devices were designed to operate at the resonance frequency to get maximum electrical power output. The structures were simulated using finite element (FE) software. The analysis of the harvesting devices was performed in order to investigate the influence of the geometric parameters on the output power and the natural frequency. To validate the simulation results, an experiment with a PZT cantilever with brass substrate was carried out. The experimental data was found to be very close to simulation data. The results indicate that large structures, in the order of millimeters, are the ideal for piezoelectric energy harvesting devices providing a maximum output power in the range of mW

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