Autopoiesis and evolution: the role of organisms in natural drift

2021 ◽  
pp. 105971232110306
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Raimondi
Keyword(s):  
Living Systems ◽  
Explanatory Framework ◽  
Alternative Framework ◽  
Natural Drift ◽  
Genetic Reductionism ◽  
Development And Evolution

Genetic reductionism is increasingly seen as a severely limited approach to understanding living systems. The Neo-Darwinian explanatory framework tends to overlook the role of the organism for an understanding of development and evolution. In the current fast-changing theoretical landscape, the autopoietic approach provides conceptual distinctions and tools that may contribute to building an alternative framework. In this article, I examine the implications of the theories of autopoiesis and natural drift for an organism-centered view of evolution. By shifting the attention from genes to ontogenetic organism-niche configurations and their transformations over generations, this approach presents a compelling perspective on the role of organismal behavior in guiding phylogenetic drift.

Toward a Nonidealist Evolutionary Synthesis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart A. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Evolutionary Synthesis ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Evolution Of Development ◽  
Search Process ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Explanatory Framework ◽  
Material Systems ◽  
Modern Physics

The received model of evolution sees all inherited features resulting from deterministic networks of interacting genes, implying that living systems are reducible to information in genetic programs. The model requires these programs and their associated phenotypes to have evolved by an isotropic search process occurring in gradual steps with no preferred morphological outcomes. The alternative is to recognize that clusters and aggregates of cells, the raw material of evolution, constitute middle-scale material systems. This implies the necessity of bringing the modern physics of mesoscale matter into the explanatory framework for the evolution of development. The relevant, often nonlinear, physical processes were mobilized at the inception of the phyla when their signature morphological outcomes first appeared and remain as efficient causes, albeit transformed, in present-day embryos. This physicogenetic perspective reengages with concepts of saltation, orthogenesis, and environment-induced plasticity long excluded from evolutionary theory.

The role of the Distal-less gene in the development and evolution of insect limbs

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 671-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Panganiban ◽  
Lisa Nagy ◽  
Sean B Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Development And Evolution

Historiographical facts and political practice in Russia in the XVIII – beginning of the XXI centuries

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г.Н. Ланской
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Political Practice ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Control ◽  
Coordination And Control ◽  
Development And Evolution

Статья посвящена истории связи между развитием исторической науки и политической практики в России. В контексте этого развития представлены, с одной стороны, эволюция исторических исследований и их координации и, с другой стороны, трансформация подхода институциональных структур государства к выбору управленческой стратегии в руководстве работой историков. В качестве примера для исследования обозначенной проблемы выбран период с начала XVIII до начала XXI века, потому что в его рамках была сформирована практика профессиональной деятельности в сфере историографии как процесса человеческой деятельности. Особое внимание в статье адресовано к роли идеологии в формировании различных моделей связи между работой историков и политических деятелей по конструированию образа прошлого, настоящего и будущего развития российской истории. The article reveals the connection between the historical science development and evolution of political practice in Russia.In that context shown are the course of the historical research and the coordination and control strategies implemented by the state, including institutional transformations.As a subject of current research was taken the period from the XVIII – beginning of the XXI centuries, when historiography became a profession and was institutionalized.Special attention is driven to the role of ideology in adopting different models of interaction between historians and political actors, while framing the image of the past, the present and the future of Russia.

Alexander Chubaryan and Conflicts in the Field of European Historical Memory

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11 (109)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Viktor Ishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Development And Evolution

The article raises the question of the possibility of the existence of a pan-European historical memory, analyzes the features of the development and evolution of the content of the European narrative of historical memory in the late 20th — early 21st centuries and the historical policy of a number of countries. It is shown first of all on the example of the textbook for Russian and German teachers “Russia — Germany. Milestones of joint history in collective memory”, how through joint work on educational literature on history, Russian academics and their colleagues from some European countries manage to find consensus on complex debatable issues of interpretation of historical events. The role of Russian academy of Sciences member Alexander Chubaryan in the development and dissemination of this form of international cooperation of historians is revealed.

scholarly journals Affective Arousal Links Sound to Meaning

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 978-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Aryani ◽  
Erin S. Isbilen ◽  
Morten H. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Acoustic Models ◽  
Affective Arousal ◽  
Shape Mapping ◽  
Development And Evolution ◽  
Affective System

Prior investigations have demonstrated that people tend to link pseudowords such as bouba to rounded shapes and kiki to spiky shapes, but the cognitive processes underlying this matching bias have remained controversial. Here, we present three experiments underscoring the fundamental role of emotional mediation in this sound–shape mapping. Using stimuli from key previous studies, we found that kiki-like pseudowords and spiky shapes, compared with bouba-like pseudowords and rounded shapes, consistently elicit higher levels of affective arousal, which we assessed through both subjective ratings (Experiment 1, N = 52) and acoustic models implemented on the basis of pseudoword material (Experiment 2, N = 70). Crucially, the mediating effect of arousal generalizes to novel pseudowords (Experiment 3, N = 64, which was preregistered). These findings highlight the role that human emotion may play in language development and evolution by grounding associations between abstract concepts (e.g., shapes) and linguistic signs (e.g., words) in the affective system.

scholarly journals The formation of the thumb requires direct modulation of Gli3 transcription by Hoxa13

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 1090-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Félix Bastida ◽  
Rocío Pérez-Gómez ◽  
Anna Trofka ◽  
Jianjian Zhu ◽  
Alvaro Rada-Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Mutual Antagonism ◽  
Special Morphology ◽  
Repressor Activity ◽  
Development And Evolution ◽  
Anterior Posterior

In the tetrapod limb, the digits (fingers or toes) are the elements most subject to morphological diversification in response to functional adaptations. However, despite their functional importance, the mechanisms controlling digit morphology remain poorly understood. Here we have focused on understanding the special morphology of the thumb (digit 1), the acquisition of which was an important adaptation of the human hand. To this end, we have studied the limbs of the Hoxa13 mouse mutant that specifically fail to form digit 1. We show that, consistent with the role of Hoxa13 in Hoxd transcriptional regulation, the expression of Hoxd13 in Hoxa13 mutant limbs does not extend into the presumptive digit 1 territory, which is therefore devoid of distal Hox transcripts, a circumstance that can explain its agenesis. The loss of Hoxd13 expression, exclusively in digit 1 territory, correlates with increased Gli3 repressor activity, a Hoxd negative regulator, resulting from increased Gli3 transcription that, in turn, is due to the release from the negative modulation exerted by Hox13 paralogs on Gli3 regulatory sequences. Our results indicate that Hoxa13 acts hierarchically to initiate the formation of digit 1 by reducing Gli3 transcription and by enabling expansion of the 5′Hoxd second expression phase, thereby establishing anterior−posterior asymmetry in the handplate. Our work uncovers a mutual antagonism between Gli3 and Hox13 paralogs that has important implications for Hox and Gli3 gene regulation in the context of development and evolution.

scholarly journals The Role of the U.S. in Terrorism in the Middle East

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Sadegh Piri ◽  
Ali Yavar Piri
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
Regional Factors ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Development And Evolution ◽  
The U.S

Terrorism is a widespread phenomenon with a long history reflecting broad and contradictory points of view. This phenomenon has wide aspects occurring in different ways which is not belonging to a specific geographical region. Though, undoubtedly, the prevalence of terrorism in a particular area, e.g. the Middle East indicates the true potential of this given region for emergence and existence of this phenomenon. This paper tries to show the role of foreign countries, i.e. the U.S., besides exploring regional factors contributing to development and evolution of terrorism in the Middle Eater.

scholarly journals Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells and Its Application in Prostate Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Jin-Qi Song ◽  
Ya-Nan Zhou ◽  
Gang-Liang Tu ◽  
Chang-Li Xu ◽  
Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Tumor Research ◽  
The Common ◽  
Development And Evolution

In recent years, circulating tumor cells have become the focus of tumor research. In-depth study of the role of circulating tumor cells in the genesis, development, and evolution of tumors will be of great significance for the early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment, and prognosis of tumors. Prostate cancer is one of the common male malignant tumors, and the role of circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer has been increasing year by year. This article will focus on the progress of circulating tumor cells detection and its application in prostate cancer.

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