Factors Related to School Nurse Workload

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth E. Jameson ◽  
Martha Keehner Engelke ◽  
Lori S. Anderson ◽  
Patricia Endsley ◽  
Erin D. Maughan
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
National Association ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Nurse Workload

Recognizing the need for a school nurse workload model based on more than the number of students in a caseload, the National Association of School Nurses issued recommendations related to measuring school nurse workload. Next, a workforce acuity task force (WATF) was charged with identifying the steps needed to further the recommendations. As a first step, the WATF focused on identifying existing literature and practices related to school nurse workload. The purpose of this article is to synthesize and categorize the factors that were identified, delineate sources for collecting and retrieving these factors, and make recommendations for clinicians and researchers interested in developing instruments to measure school nurse workload.

The Association of School Nurse Workload With Student Health and Academic Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 105984052110129
Author(s):  
Krista Schroeder ◽  
Ally Young ◽  
Gail Adman ◽  
Ann Marie Ashmeade ◽  
Estherlyn Bonas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Student Health ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nurse Workload

This study assessed associations between school nurse workload and student health and academic outcomes. We hypothesized that lower school nurse workload would be associated with better student outcomes, with associations being greater for members of groups who experience health disparities. Our methods entailed secondary analysis of data for New York City school students in kindergarten through 12th grade during 2015–2016 ( N = 1,080,923), using multilevel multivariate regression as the analytic approach. Results demonstrated lower school nurse workload was associated with better outcomes for student participation in asthma education but not chronic absenteeism, early dismissals, health office visits, immunization compliance, academic achievement, or overweight/obesity. Our findings suggest school nurses may influence proximal outcomes, such as participation in disease-related education, more easily than downstream outcomes, such as absenteeism or obesity. While contrary to our hypotheses, results align with the fact that school nurses deliver community-based, population health–focused care that is inherently complex, multilevel, and directly impacted by social determinants of health. Future research should explore school nurses’ perspectives on what factors influence their workload and how they can best impact student outcomes.

Identification of Workload Measurement Indicators for School Nursing Practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 105984052094683
Author(s):  
Beth E. Jameson ◽  
Lori S. Anderson ◽  
Patricia Endsley
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
School Nursing ◽  
Workload Measurement ◽  
Care Processes ◽  
Nurse Workload ◽  
Nationally Representative

Many school districts rely on caseload or student to school nurse ratios that are not grounded in evidence-based research. There is a need for a comprehensive workload instrument to describe the work of school nurses that incorporates the complexities of the role and includes acuity, care processes, and social determinants of health. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify workload activities from a previous Delphi study that can be empirically measured as items for a workload instrument. A nationally representative sample of 27 school nurses participated in four focus groups, describing activities important to the measurement of workload. Focus group input resulted in identification and confirmation of workload activities that impact school nurse workload. Use of the National Association of School Nurses’ Framework for 21st Century School Nursing Practice™ was integral in capturing gaps and important workload activities for a potential workload instrument.

Demonstrating the Relationship Between School Nurse Workload and Student Outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Daughtry ◽  
Martha Keehner Engelke
Keyword(s):  
School District ◽  
Student Success ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Logic Model ◽  
Evaluation Plan ◽  
Nurse Workload ◽  
Nurse Assignment ◽  
The Relationship

This article describes how one very large, diverse school district developed a Student Acuity Tool for School Nurse Assignment and used a logic model to successfully advocate for additional school nurse positions. The logic model included three student outcomes that were evaluated: provide medications and procedures safely and accurately, increase the number of students with a medical home, and increase the number of students with chronic illness that receive case management. Pairing a staffing formula with an evaluation plan that focuses on student outcomes and the priorities of the school district provides a strong case that school nurses are essential and that they contribute to student success.

National School Nurse Certification Part II: Questions and Answers

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Gregory ◽  
Marilyn Marcontel
Keyword(s):  
School Nurse ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
National Association ◽  
School Nursing ◽  
Certification Process ◽  
National School ◽  
The Future ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
National Certification ◽  
Development And Evolution

The National Association of School Nurses proposed the concept of certification for school nurses in the 1970s. The development and evolution of the school nurse certification process, from concept to reality, were described in the October 2000 Journal of School Nursing ( Gregory & Marcontel, 2000 ). Readers were asked to submit questions to be answered in the second article. This article describes issues and answers questions from school nurses about national certification, gives information from past and current presidents and certified school nurses regarding their experiences, and presents a forecast on the future of school nurse certification.

scholarly journals Collaboration Between a School Nurse Task Force and the Local Health Department in Illinois: Development of a COVID-19 Toolkit

2021 ◽  
pp. 1942602X2110152
Author(s):  
Donna J. Kunz ◽  
Martha S. Manno ◽  
Dawn M. Ruffatti ◽  
Suzanne L. Blohm ◽  
Amelia A. Wuerger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
School Health ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Health Department ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Community Initiatives ◽  
Public Health Officials

Multidisciplinary collaboration for healthy student outcomes is not a new concept for school nurses nor is working with public health officials in promoting school–community initiatives. The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, coronavirus disease 2019) virus further highlighted the need to work together to promote best practice strategies to arm the community with information and guidance to prevent illness. The McHenry County Health Department recognized the expertise school nurses have in school health and formed a voluntary School Nurse Task Force. This collaboration worked to implement requirements for operating a school during a pandemic. The task force adapted those concepts into a toolkit to assist schools to meet health requirements throughout the most significant pandemic in over 100 years.

For Shawnee: Keeping the Student (and Family) Front and Center

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Erin D. Maughan ◽  
Mayumi Willgerodt
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Reform ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
Patient Centered Care ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Nurse Workload ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Family Centered

Patient-centered care is a buzzword heard often as part of health care reform efforts. For school nurses patient-centered care means student- and family-centered care. Student-centered care can improve student compliance and actually decrease school nurse workload. This article explains what student-centered means and provides examples of how school nurses can provide student and families-centered care in their communities. Approaches that center on individual students, as well as community cafes will be included.

scholarly journals School Nursing Data Collection During COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-320
Author(s):  
Erin D. Maughan ◽  
Martha Dewey Bergren
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
National Association ◽  
School Nursing ◽  
School Year ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Nursing Data

COVID-19 has affected the 2020-2021 school year for everyone and thrust school nurses into the spotlight. Some school nurses are too overwhelmed to even think about data; others want to collect data differently to illustrate the value of the role of the school nurse. This article provides guidance on data collection during this unique time period. The article is based on a blog originally posted on National Association of School Nurses’s website.

Explaining the Variability in School Nurse Workload and Educational Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592110179
Author(s):  
Claire McKinley Yoder ◽  
Mary Ann Cantrell ◽  
Janice L. Hinkle
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Individual Student ◽  
Student Records ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
Nurse Workload

This secondary analysis examined the variability in the effects of school nurse workload on individual student outcomes of 9th grade attendance, being on track to graduate, and high school graduation. A principal axis factor analysis of the variables underlying school nurse workload and a structural equation model of the latent construct school nurse workload in 5th grade and the three outcome variables was tested using data from student records ( N = 3,782). Two factors explained 82% of the variability in school nurse workload: acuity and volume factor and social determinants of health factor. The model had acceptable fit indices and school nurse workload explained between 35% and 52% of the variability in the outcomes with a moderate effect size (.6–.72). Creating school nurse workload assignments that maximize student educational outcomes may improve graduation from high school, which in turn increases the resources available for lifelong health.

scholarly journals Measuring the effectiveness of catch-up MMR delivered by school nurses compared to signposting to general practice on improving MMR coverage

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Altinoluk-Davis ◽  
S Gray ◽  
I Bray
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
School Year ◽  
South Central ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Immunization Services ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background This study assesses whether increased coverage of the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination differs between areas where school nurses deliver catch-up MMR doses to adolescents in school settings, compared to signposting to general practice. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using Child Health Information Services records within the NHS England South (South Central) commissioning boundary. The sample population included children born 1 September 2000–31 August 2001, in school year 9 during the 2014–15 academic year. Results The primary outcome findings show an increase in coverage of at least one dose of MMR by 1.6% (n = 334) in the cohort receiving catch-up MMR, compared to 0.2% (n = 12) in the cohort signposted to general practice. Over time, the difference in increase between the two cohorts was 1.4%, analysed using the chi-squared comparison of proportions test, providing strong evidence (P < 0.0001) that school nurse delivery of catch-up MMR is effective at increasing coverage. The findings also suggest that school nurse delivery of catch-up MMR may benefit Black, Asian and minority ethnic children and those from more deprived backgrounds. Conclusions It is recommended that commissioners of school-aged immunization services incorporate the delivery of catch-up MMR doses in their contracts with school nurses.

scholarly journals School Nurse Perspectives on COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 105984052199205
Author(s):  
Alicia M. Hoke ◽  
Chelsea M. Keller ◽  
William A. Calo ◽  
Deepa L. Sekhar ◽  
Erik B. Lehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Communication ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
School Building ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
Returning To School ◽  
The Impact

Pennsylvania responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by closing schools and moving to online instruction in March 2020. We surveyed Pennsylvania school nurses ( N = 350) in May 2020 to assess the impact of COVID-19 on nurses’ concerns about returning to school and impact on practice. Data were analyzed using χ2 tests and regression analyses. Urban school nurses were more concerned about returning to the school building without a COVID-19 vaccine than rural nurses ( OR = 1.58, 95% CI [1.05, 2.38]). Nurses in urban locales were more likely to report being asked for guidance on COVID-19 ( OR = 1.69, 95% CI [1.06, 2.68]), modify communication practices ( OR = 2.33, 95% CI [1.42, 3.82]), and be “very/extremely concerned” about their safety ( OR = 2.16, 95% CI [1.35, 3.44]). Locale and student density are important factors to consider when resuming in-person instruction; however, schools should recognize school nurses for their vital role in health communication to assist in pandemic preparedness and response.

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