scholarly journals Stages of Decision Automation: Impact on Operators’ Role, Awareness and Monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-286
Author(s):  
Linda Onnasch ◽  
Steffen Hösterey
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Action Selection ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Role Definition ◽  
Marginal Effects ◽  
Out Of The Loop ◽  
Information Sampling ◽  
Full Automation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Partial Automation

The study investigated the impact of different stages of decision automation (action selection vs. action implementation) on participants’ monitoring, situation awareness (SA), and role definition in a multitask simulation. It was hypothesized that particularly because of being out-of-the-loop when working with full automation (action implementation) operators might feel accountable for the overall task, have an enhanced SA and show frequent information sampling. In contrast, operators working with partial automation might define their role limited to the only task not supported by automation, leading to limited SA and overall monitoring. Results reveal an automation benefit for performance but a decreased SA induced by automation. No impact of automation was found for monitoring. The only direct impact of stage of automation was on participants’ perceived role regarding active interventions into the system. In summary, different stages of decision automation lead to different role perceptions but with marginal effects on performance and monitoring.

Level of Automation Forms a Key Aspect of Autonomy Design

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mica R. Endsley
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Out Of The Loop ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

The concept of different levels of automation (LOAs) has been pervasive in the automation literature since its introduction by Sheridan and Verplanck. LOA taxonomies have been very useful in guiding understanding of how automation affects human cognition and performance, with several practical and theoretical benefits. Over the past several decades a wide body of research has been conducted on the impact of various LOAs on human performance, workload, and situation awareness (SA). LOA has a significant effect on operator SA and level of engagement that helps to ameliorate out-of-the-loop performance problems. Together with other aspects of system design, including adaptive automation, granularity of control, and automation interface design, LOA is a fundamental design characteristic that determines the ability of operators to provide effective oversight and interaction with system autonomy. LOA research provides a solid foundation for guiding the creation of effective human–automation interaction, which is critical for the wide range of autonomous and semiautonomous systems currently being developed across many industries.

The impact of formality on firm profitability in Bolivia: an heterogeneous assessment

2012 ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
Darwin Ugarte Ontiveros
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Marginal Effects ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Firm Profitability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Formal Status

Recent evidence suggests that formality improves micro-firms profits in Bolivia. This gain is only for firms with 2 to 5 workers, while smaller and larger firms would lose out by formalizing (McKenzie and Sakho, 2010). However, as much of the empirical literature on this topic, the estimations are based on strong assumptions about unobservables. If the returns to formality vary among firms and these variations influence selection into formality, traditional estimators are biased (Heckman and Vytlacil, 2007). In this paper we considerthese elements to estimate the heterogeneous effects of formality on firm profits in Bolivia. We find remarkable heterogeneity in the returns to formality, from -3% to 6%. The group of firms with positive marginal effects from formality corresponds to those which are most likely to register. We also characterize the firms that likely benefit from having a formal status. These would correspond to large firms which work at big scales.

The Impact of Medication Delays on Patient Health in the ICU: Estimating Marginal Effects Under Endogenous Delays

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Meng ◽  
Krzysztof Laudanski ◽  
Ann Huffenberger ◽  
Christian Terwiesch
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Effects ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of Top Management’s Support on the Collaboration of Green Supply Chain Participants and Environmental Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9090
Author(s):  
Jungeun Lee ◽  
Hye-Young Joo
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Green Supply Chain ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Theoretical Mechanism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the support of top management significantly improves the level of environmental collaboration with participating companies upstream and downstream of the green supply chain and the impact on environmental performance. The results of the empirical analysis of 301 companies that are establishing a green supply chain are as follows. First, top management’s support positively affects the level of collaboration with suppliers and customers in the green supply chain. Secondly, support from top management has a direct impact on the company’s environmental performance. Thirdly, the environmental collaboration of participating companies partially plays a mediation role between the support of top management and the environmental performance. This study has significance in that it analyzes the theoretical mechanism of top management’s support for environmental collaboration with participating companies, leading to environmental performance, and draws implications.

scholarly journals The Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions and Sustainability on Company Performance in the Pharmaceutical Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6525
Author(s):  
Diana Marieta Mihaiu ◽  
Radu-Alexandru Șerban ◽  
Alin Opreana ◽  
Mihai Țichindelean ◽  
Vasile Brătian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Score Function ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
Financial Measures ◽  
The Impact

The primary goal of this study was to determine the impact of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) sustainability scores of companies. In this regard, efforts to measure and analyze the evolution of a company’s performance, taking into account financial and non-financial measures using a score function, are adapted to the pharmaceutical sector. The sample consisted of 100 leading pharmaceutical companies, ranked by stock market capitalization, who registered 30% (n = 492) of the total M&A transactions over the study period (2010–2020). There was a direct and positive link between the M&A process and the evolution of company performance. The ESG score, as an indicator for measuring sustainability, has a positive and direct impact on company performance, indicating that a high ESG score determines an increase in company performance. A similar impact is identified for companies involved in M&A processes, meaning that companies in the pharmaceutical sector tend to register a performance improvement.

scholarly journals The Impact of Interruptions on Feature Change Detection within Dynamic Scenes

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1430-1434
Author(s):  
Kimberly N. Perry ◽  
Mark W. Scerbo
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Dynamic Scenes ◽  
Feature Change ◽  
Activation Level ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Perceptual Changes ◽  
The Impact

The goal of the present study was to examine how interruptions occurring in dynamic scenes affect the ability to detect perceptual changes during level 1 situation awareness (SA). Undergraduates were asked to watch 24 brief videos (half with interruptions) including 8 with perceptual feature changes. All videos were unique and contained multiple dynamic objects. Three different sets of instructions regarding the changes were given to successive groups: no information, limited information, and feature specific information. Of the eight changes, half occurred during a visual interruption and half with no interruption. Results showed that participants detected few changes, but detections increased when given more information about the nature of the changes in the absence of interruptions. The findings suggest that interruptions may facilitate the decay of an objects’ activation level in working memory and that level 1 SA may be particularly fragile when the visual scene is interrupted.

Research on the Impact Pressure of the Hydraulic Rolling-Cut Shear

2010 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 410-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
He Yong Han ◽  
Qing Xue Huang ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Impact Pressure ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Work Situation ◽  
Servo Valve ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
Hydraulic Servo ◽  
Hydraulic Servo System ◽  
The Impact

The reasons for impact pressure are obtained by the research the hydraulic system of Hydraulic Rolling-Cut Shear. The impact pressure of hydraulic system is divided into direct impact and indirect impact. Based on analyzing the actual situation the measures should be taken to reduce the impact pressure when design hydraulic system. The suitable length of pipeline can improve the performance of the hydraulic system because the length is important for the impact pressure. The accumulator can absorb impact pressure and improve the work situation of servo valve. Therefore, the suitable accumulators should be set in the hydraulic system. The study provides theory basis for the pipe design of large hydraulic servo system.

Toward a Smart Organization, Integrating KM Processes and Organizational Capabilities

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Organizational Capabilities ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Telecommunications Companies

It is common knowledge that organizations today face the challenges of growing competition. Therefore, organizations need to develop smarter to plan for several diverse and real-time challenges. The aim of this paper is to test the impact of knowledge management (KM) processes, organizational capabilities (OC), and mediating KM mechanisms and KM technologies toward a smart organization (SO). In this paper, structural equation modeling was applied by using Smart PLS 3.3.3 software to test hypotheses and the accuracy of the suggested model. The results showed a direct impact between all constructs and are a reflection of the SO of the employees (N=225) working in three Jordanian telecommunications companies. Additionally, the outcomes provision the partial mediating role of KM mechanisms and KM technology with OC in the SO. These outcomes can support leaders in generating a consciousness in addition to favorable OC, KM mechanisms, and KM technologies inside the organization, which enables the actual implementation of SO and uses the outcomes to plan their SO strategies.

Routine sanctions, humiliation and human struggle: qualitative biographies of young people’s experience of live marginality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Social Disadvantage ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Social Suffering ◽  
The Impact

Linda Brooks examines the impact of the current government austerity measures experienced at a local charity based in the borough of Castle Point in Essex. Linda draws from first-hand experience of working with young adults to provide valuable insights into the direct impact of austerity measures as lived under social suffering. She employs ethnographic and biographical approaches to show real life examples of the impact of government austerity measures, which increase social disadvantage for young people within the local communities.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Deliberative Democratic Initiatives at the Local Level: A Framework for Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 749-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ank Michels ◽  
Harmen Binnema
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
The Impact

Although deliberative reforms have been proposed to strengthen democracy, little is known about their impact on politics, public policies, and society. This article develops a framework to systematically assess this impact, differentiating between direct and indirect forms of impact. We apply this framework to two cases of deliberative citizens’ summits in the Netherlands. Our analysis reveals that these summits have a limited direct impact on local politics and policy making, but a relatively strong indirect impact on the local community. The article also discusses some conditions that mediate the impact of the forum.

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