Cue Utilization as an Objective Metric in Naturalistic Decision-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
Mark W. Wiggins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Cue Utilization ◽  
Training Outcomes ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Robust Process ◽  
Selection Of

The utilization of cues is a process that underpins a wide range of naturalistic models of decision-making, often differentiating the performance of experts and non-experts. However, the domain-specific and idiosyncratic nature of cue utilization means that the existence of cues in memory, together with their application, has been difficult to assess. This paper explains a valid and reliable approach to the assessment of cue utilization that accounts for idiosyncrasy and confirms the role of cues in facilitating performance amongst skilled practitioners. It also enables comparative analyses between operators, thereby facilitating a more robust process for the selection of subject-matter experts, assessments of gaps in performance that might be explained by differences in cue utilization, especially following the introduction of new technologies, the evaluation of training outcomes against baseline performance, and the identification of changes in cue utilization that might be associated with absences or other workplace demands.

scholarly journals Assessment and Selection of Technologies for the Sustainable Development of an R&D Center

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10087
Author(s):  
Rafael Lizarralde ◽  
Jaione Ganzarain ◽  
Mikel Zubizarreta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
Selection Of

The central role of R&D centers in the advancement of technology within industrial enterprises is undeniable and clearly affects their strategies, their competitiveness and their business sustainability. R&D centers assume responsibility for technology recognition, collection, acquisition, development and transition. Among their activities, the efficient choice of emerging technologies in the Technology Management Process is becoming a real challenge. In such heterogeneous scenarios, Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) models are commonly proposed as an appropriate decision-making approach. Multiple research works address the selection of particular technologies in industrial applications, but very few references can be found related to research institutions, and R&D centers in particular. Therefore, a decision-making model is provided in this study following the MIVES multi criteria method for the assessment of one or more technologies. The model is then applied to two case studies related to the selection process of new technologies at a Spanish R&D Center specialized in manufacturing.

SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN GURU BERPRESTASI KOTA MEDAN MENERAPKAN METODE PREFERENCES SELECTION INDEX (STUDI KASUS : DINAS PENDIDIKAN KOTA MEDAN)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fajar Syahputra ◽  
Mesran Mesran ◽  
Ikhwan Lubis ◽  
Agus Perdana Windarto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Selection Of

The teacher is a major milestone in the world of education, the ability and achievement of students cannot be separated from the role of a teacher in teaching and guiding students. Based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers, in Article 1 explained that teachers are professional educators with the main task of educating, teaching, guiding, directing, training, evaluating, and evaluating students in early childhood education through formal education, basic education and education medium. Whereas in Article 4 of the Act, it is explained that the position of teachers as professionals serves to enhance the dignity and role of teachers as learning agents to function to improve the quality of national education.Decision making is an election process, among various alternatives that aim to meet one or several targets. The decision-making system has 4 phases, namely intelligence, design, choice and implementation. These phases are the basis for decision making, which ends with a recommendation.The Preferences Selection Index (PSI) method is a rarely used decision support system method. This method is a method developed by stevanie and Bhatt (2010) to solve the Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). With the right consideration, this method can be one of the tools to determine policies in decision-making systems, especially the selection of outstanding teachers. Determination of policies taken as a basis for decision making, must use criteria that can be defined clearly and objectively.Keywords: Decision Support System, PSI, Selection of Achieving Teachers

A critical review and re-assessment of theories of smallholder decision-making: a case of conservation agriculture households, Zambia

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Bwalya Umar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Uncertain Environments

AbstractDifferent theories have been posited that try to explain the decision-making process of smallholders especially regarding the adoption of new technologies or new agricultural techniques. The objective of this paper is to review and re-assess the dominant household production theories to explain the decision making of smallholders practicing conservation agriculture (CA) in the southern, eastern, and central provinces of Zambia. It also discusses the potential role of CA toward economic development. It finds that the CA smallholders studied did not aim to maximize profits but tried to secure household consumption from their own production before any other considerations in risky and uncertain environments. Their response to economic incentives was contingent on minimizing risks associated with securing a minimum level of livelihood and investing into local forms of insurance. This paper concludes that the ability for CA to contribute to rural livelihoods and economic development would depend on how adequately the factors that hinder smallholder agricultural development in general are addressed.

Figures of Authority in Nineteenth-Century Ireland

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
First Century ◽  
Western World ◽  
Catholic Priests ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Emotional Politics ◽  
Print Cultures

This interdisciplinary collection investigates the forms that authority assumed in nineteenth-century Ireland, the relations they bore to international redefinitions of authority, and Irish contributions to the reshaping of authority in the modern age. At a time when age-old sources of social, political, spiritual and cultural authority were eroded in the Western world, Ireland witnessed both the restoration of older forms of authority and the rise of figures who defined new models of authority in a democratic age. Using new comparative perspectives as well as archival resources in a wide range of fields, eleven chapters show how new authorities were embodied in emerging types of politicians, clerics and professionals, and in material extensions of their power in visual, oral and print cultures. Their analyses often eerily echo twenty-first-century debates about populism, the suspicion towards scholarly and intellectual expertise, and the role of new technologies and forms of association in contesting and recreating authority. Several contributions highlight the role of emotion in the way authority was deployed by figures ranging from O’Connell to Catholic priests and W.B. Yeats, foreshadowing the perceived rise of emotional politics in our own age. This volume stresses that many contested forms of authority that now look ‘traditional’ emerged from 19th-century crises and developments, as did the challenges that undermine authority.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat S. Parekh ◽  
Chin-Yih Ou ◽  
Peter N. Fonjungo ◽  
Mireille B. Kalou ◽  
Erin Rottinghaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Epidemic Control ◽  
Quality Management Systems ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Periodic Monitoring ◽  
Hiv Diagnostics ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYHIV diagnostics have played a central role in the remarkable progress in identifying, staging, initiating, and monitoring infected individuals on life-saving antiretroviral therapy. They are also useful in surveillance and outbreak responses, allowing for assessment of disease burden and identification of vulnerable populations and transmission “hot spots,” thus enabling planning, appropriate interventions, and allocation of appropriate funding. HIV diagnostics are critical in achieving epidemic control and require a hybrid of conventional laboratory-based diagnostic tests and new technologies, including point-of-care (POC) testing, to expand coverage, increase access, and positively impact patient management. In this review, we provide (i) a historical perspective on the evolution of HIV diagnostics (serologic and molecular) and their interplay with WHO normative guidelines, (ii) a description of the role of conventional and POC testing within the tiered laboratory diagnostic network, (iii) information on the evaluations and selection of appropriate diagnostics, (iv) a description of the quality management systems needed to ensure reliability of testing, and (v) strategies to increase access while reducing the time to return results to patients. Maintaining the central role of HIV diagnostics in programs requires periodic monitoring and optimization with quality assurance in order to inform adjustments or alignment to achieve epidemic control.

Causal evidence for a domain-specific role of left superior frontal sulcus in human perceptual decision-making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Barretto Garcia ◽  
Marcus Grueschow ◽  
Marius Moisa ◽  
Rafael Polania ◽  
Christian Carl Ruff
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Sequential Sampling Model ◽  
Evidence Integration ◽  
Superior Frontal Sulcus

Humans and animals can flexibly choose their actions based on different information, ranging from objective states of the environment (e.g., apples are bigger than cherries) to subjective preferences (e.g., cherries are tastier than apples). Whether the brain instantiates these different choices by recruiting either specialized or shared neural circuitry remains debated. Specifically, domain-general theories of prefrontal cortex (PFC) function propose that prefrontal areas flexibly process either perceptual or value-based evidence depending on what is required for the present choice, whereas domain-specific theories posit that PFC sub- areas, such as the left superior frontal sulcus (SFS), selectively integrate evidence relevant for perceptual decisions. Here we comprehensively test the functional role of the left SFS for choices based on perceptual and value-based evidence, by combining fMRI with a behavioural paradigm, computational modelling, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Confirming predictions by a sequential sampling model, we show that TMS-induced excitability reduction of the left SFS selectively changes the processing of decision-relevant perceptual information and associated neural processes. In contrast, value-based decision making and associated neural processes remain unaffected. This specificity of SFS function is evident at all levels of analysis (behavioural, computational, and neural, including functional connectivity), demonstrating that the left SFS causally contributes to evidence integration for  perceptual but not value-based decisions.

Big Data Myth

2019 ◽  
pp. 223-237
Author(s):  
Agata Mardosz-Grabowska
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Marketing Management ◽  
Individual Experience ◽  
Decision Making Process

Organizations are expected to act rationally; however, mythical thinking is often present among their members. It refers also to myths related to technology. New inventions and technologies are often mythologized in organizations. People do not understand how new technologies work and usually overestimate their possibilities. Also, myths are useful in dealing with ambivalent feelings, such as fears and hopes. The text focuses on the so-called “big data myth” and its impact on the decision-making process in modern marketing management. Mythical thinking related to big data in organizations has been observed both by scholars and practitioners. The aim of the chapter is to discuss the foundation of the myth, its components, and its impact on the decision-making process. Among others, a presence of a “big data myth” may be manifested by over-reliance on data, neglecting biases in the process of data analysis, and undermining the role of other factors, including intuition and individual experience of marketing professionals or qualitative data.

A State-of-the-Art Critique Review of the Role of Decision-Making Techniques in NDT for Condition Monitoring

2019 ◽  
pp. 222-236
Author(s):  
Ashish Khaira ◽  
Ravi K. Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Operating Personnel ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Effective Condition ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Selection Of

Nondestructive testing (NDT) is a vital tool in maintenance. Each NDT technique has some benefits and hindrances; therefore, the selection is crucial. Generally, the selection of a technique relies on operating personnel experience, and very few research papers shows uses of the decision-making (DM) approach. It was highlighted by various researchers that if a proper DM approach is used, it will save time and increase fault detection reliability. By keeping this fact in mind, this chapter is an attempt to provide a detailed review of research work from the year 2000-2018 that covered the role of DM techniques while making combinations of NDT for effective condition monitoring. It observed from the literature that very few researchers effectively utilized the power of DM tool. The researcher can use the outcome of this work as a beacon and improve it further.

scholarly journals Treatment selection of early stage non-small cell lung cancer: the role of the patient in clinical decision making

BMC Cancer ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mokhles ◽  
J. J. M. E. Nuyttens ◽  
M. de Mol ◽  
J. G. J. V. Aerts ◽  
A. P. W. M. Maat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Adopting Computer Technology to empower Rural School Learners: The Case for Katsande Rural School Library, Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosea Tokwe
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
School Library ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Reading Material ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technology In Schools

In most countries, the introduction of computer technology in schools has seen the role of school libraries transformed. Adoption of new technologies are now seen to be enhancing school libraries’ ability to perform their mission, vision and role, that is, providing learners access to a wide range of reading material to enable them to acquire knowledge as well as ability to read books online. This paper will address the impact computer technology is having on rural school learners at Katsande Primary School. It will explain how embracing of computer technology has influenced learners concerning achieving quality education. 

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