Developing Dimensional, Pandiagnostic Inhibitory Control Constructs With Self-Report and Neuropsychological Data

Trait markers, or intermediate phenotypes linking different units of analysis (self-report, performance) from the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) matrix across populations is a necessary step in identifying at-risk individuals. In the current study, 150 healthy controls (HC) and 456 individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) Type I or II, NOS (not otherwise specified) or Schizoaffective BD completed self-report neuropsychological tests of inhibitory control (IC) and executive functioning. Bifactor analyses were used to examine the factor structure of these measures and to evaluate for invariance across groups. Bifactor analyses found modest convergence of items from neuropsychological tests and self-report measures of IC among HC and BD. The factor scores showed evidence of a general IC construct (i.e., subdomain) across measures. Importantly, invariance testing indicated that the same construct was measured equally well across groups. Groups differed on the general factor for three of the four scales. Convergence on a general IC factor and invariance across diagnosis supports the use of combined dimensional measures to identify clinical risk and highlights how prospective RDoC studies might integrate units of analysis.

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Quantifying Dispositional Fear as Threat Sensitivity: Development and Initial Validation of a Model-Based Scale Measure

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191119837613 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 533-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mark D. Kramer ◽

Christopher J. Patrick ◽

John M. Hettema ◽

Ashlee A. Moore ◽

Chelsea K. Sawyers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Structural Model ◽

Effective Means ◽

Self Report ◽

General Factor ◽

Research Domain Criteria ◽

Threat Sensitivity ◽

Scale Measure ◽

Research Domain

The Research Domain Criteria initiative aims to reorient the focus of psychopathology research toward biobehavioral constructs that cut across different modalities of measurement, including self-report and neurophysiology. Constructs within the Research Domain Criteria framework are intentionally transdiagnostic, with the construct of “acute threat,” for example, broadly relevant to clinical problems and associated traits involving fearfulness and stress reactivity. A potentially valuable referent for research on the construct of acute threat is a structural model of fear/fearlessness questionnaires known to predict variations in physiological threat reactivity as indexed by startle potentiation. The aim of the current work was to develop an efficient, item-based scale measure of the general factor of this structural model for use in studies of dispositional threat sensitivity and its relationship to psychopathology. A self-report scale consisting of 44 items from a conceptually relevant, nonproprietary questionnaire was first developed in a sample of 1,307 student participants, using the general factor of the fear/fearlessness model as a direct referent. This new Trait Fear scale was then evaluated for convergent and discriminant validity with measures of personality and psychopathology in a separate sample ( n = 213) consisting of community adults and undergraduate students. The strong performance of the scale in this criterion-validation sample suggests that it can provide an effective means for indexing variations along a dispositional continuum of fearfulness reflecting variations in sensitivity to acute threat.

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Samuel, D.B. & Ranseen, J.R. (2006, October). Stimulant medication’s effects on adult ADHD symptoms and NEO PI-R personality traits

10.31234/osf.io/6drtx ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Douglas Samuel ◽

John D. Ranseen

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Neuropsychological Tests ◽

Adult Adhd ◽

Self Report ◽

Emotional States ◽

Limited Information ◽

Stimulant Treatment ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Adhd Symptomatology

Previous studies have indicated a consistent profile of basic personality traits correlated with adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (e.g., Ranseen, Campbell, & Baer, 1998; Nigg et al., 2002). In particular, research has found that low scores of the Conscientiousness trait and high scores on Neuroticism have been correlated with ADHD symptomatology. However, to date there is limited information concerning the range of effect resulting from medication treatment for adult ADHD. During an 18 month period, 60 adults were diagnosed with ADHD based on strict, DSM-IV criteria at an outpatient clinic. This evaluation included a battery of neuropsychological tests and a measure of general personality (i.e., the NEO PI-R). Eleven of these participants returned to complete the battery a second time. The pre-post comparisons revealed significant changes following sustained stimulant treatment on both the neuropsychological and self-report measures. These individuals also displayed significant changes on two domains of the NEO PI-R. They showed a significant decrease on the domain of Neuroticism, indicating that now see themselves as less prone to experience negative emotional states such as anxiety and depression. Additionally, they also reported a significant increase on their scores on the domain of conscientiousness. This increase suggests that they see themselves as more organized and dependable.

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Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Kessler Distress Scale (K10): an application of the rating scale model

Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica ◽

10.1186/s41155-021-00186-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Evandro Morais Peixoto ◽

Daniela Sacramento Zanini ◽

Josemberg Moura de Andrade

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Self Report ◽

Clinical Population ◽

Scale Model ◽

General Factor ◽

Measurement Models ◽

Distress Scale ◽

Rating Scale Model

Abstract Background The Kessler Distress Scale (K10) is a self-report scale for the assessment of non-specific psychological distress in the general and clinical population. Because of its ease of application and good psychometric properties, the K10 has been adapted to several cultures. The present study seeks to adapt the K10 to Brazilian Portuguese and estimate its validity evidence and reliability. Methods A total of 1914 individuals from the general population participated in the study (age = 34.88, SD = 13.61, 77.7% female). The adjustment indices were compared among three different measurement models proposed for the K10 through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The items’ properties were analyzed by Andrich’s Rating Scale Model (RSM). Furthermore, evidence based on relations to other variables (depression, stress, anxiety, positive and negative affects, and satisfaction with life) was estimated. Results CFA indicated the adequacy of the bifactor model (CFI= 0.985; TLI= 0.973; SMR= 0.019; RMSEA= 0.050), composed of two specific factors (depression and anxiety) and one general factor (psychological distress), corresponding to the theoretical hypothesis. Additionally, it was observed multiple-group invariance by gender and age range. The RSM provided an understanding of the organization of the continuum represented by the psychological distress construct (items difficulty), which varied from −0.89 to 1.00; good adjustment indexes; infit between 0.67 and 1.32; outfit between 0.68 and 1.34; and desirable reliability, α= 0.87. Lastly, theoretically coherent associations with the external variables were observed. Conclusions It is concluded that the Brazilian version of the K10 is a suitable measure of psychological distress for the Brazilian population.

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Testing whether implicit emotion regulation mediates the association between discrimination and symptoms of psychopathology in late childhood: An RDoC perspective

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579421000638 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

T.G. Vargas ◽

V.A. Mittal

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Neurocognitive Functions ◽

Units Of Analysis ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Implicit Emotion Regulation ◽

Multiple Units

Abstract Discrimination has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes, though it is unclear how early in life this association becomes apparent. Implicit emotion regulation, developing during childhood, is a foundational skill tied to a range of outcomes. Implicit emotion regulation has yet to be tested as an associated process for mental illness symptoms that can often emerge during this sensitive developmental period. Youth aged 9–11 were recruited for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Associations between psychotic-like experiences, depressive symptoms, and total discrimination (due to race, ethnicity, nationality, weight, or sexual minority status) were tested, as well as associations with implicit emotion regulation measures (emotional updating working memory and inhibitory control). Analyses examined whether associations with symptoms were mediated by implicit emotion regulation. Discrimination related to decreased implicit emotion regulation performance, and increased endorsement of depressive symptoms and psychotic-like experiences. Emotional updating working memory performance partially mediated the association between discrimination and psychotic-like experiences, while emotional inhibitory control did not. Discrimination and implicit emotion regulation could serve as putative transdiagnostic markers of vulnerability. Results support the utility of using multiple units of analysis to improve understanding of complex emerging neurocognitive functions and developmentally sensitive periods.

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The Development of Preliminary HiTOP Internalizing Spectrum Scales

Assessment ◽

10.1177/10731911211003976 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107319112110039

Author(s):

David Watson ◽

Miriam K. Forbes ◽

Holly F. Levin-Aspenson ◽

Camilo J. Ruggero ◽

Yuliya Kotelnikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internalizing Symptoms ◽

Self Report ◽

General Factor ◽

Item Pool ◽

Factor Analyses ◽

Item Level ◽

Formal Definitions ◽

Body Dysmorphia ◽

Item Writing ◽

Report Measure

As part of a broader project to create a comprehensive self-report measure for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology consortium, we developed preliminary scales to assess internalizing symptoms. The item pool was created in four steps: (a) clarifying the range of content to be assessed, (b) identifying target constructs to guide item writing, (c) developing formal definitions for each construct, and (d) writing multiple items for each construct. This yielded 430 items assessing 57 target constructs. Responses from a heterogeneous scale development sample ( N = 1,870) were subjected to item-level factor analyses based on polychoric correlations. This resulted in 39 scales representing a total of 213 items. The psychometric properties of these scales replicated well across the development sample and an independent validation sample ( N = 496 adults). Internal consistency analyses established that most scales assess relatively narrow forms of psychopathology. Structural analyses demonstrated the presence of a strong general factor. Additional analyses of the 35 nonsexual dysfunction scales revealed a replicable four-factor structure with dimensions we labeled Distress, Fear, Body Dysmorphia, and Mania. A final set of analyses established that the internalizing scales varied widely—and consistently—in the strength of their associations with neuroticism and extraversion.

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Exposure to Bullying and General Psychopathology: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology ◽

10.1007/s10802-020-00760-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jolien Rijlaarsdam ◽

Charlotte A. M. Cecil ◽

J. Marieke Buil ◽

Pol A. C. van Lier ◽

Edward D. Barker

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Child Psychopathology ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Report ◽

General Factor ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

General Psychopathology ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractAlthough there is mounting evidence that the experience of being bullied associates with both internalizing and externalizing symptoms, it is not known yet whether the identified associations are specific to these symptoms, or shared between them. The primary focus of this study is to assess the prospective associations of bullying exposure with both general and specific (i.e., internalizing, externalizing) factors of psychopathology. This study included data from 6,210 children participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Child bullying was measured by self-report at ages 8 and 10 years. Child psychopathology symptoms were assessed by parent-interview, using the Development and Well-being Assessment (DAWBA) at ages 7 and 13 years. Bullying exposure significantly associated with the general psychopathology factor in early adolescence. In particular, chronically victimized youth exposed to multiple forms of bullying (i.e., both overt and relational) showed higher levels of general psychopathology. Bullying exposure also associated with both internalizing and externalizing factors from the correlated-factors model. However, the effect estimates for these factors decreased considerably in size and dropped to insignificant for the internalizing factor after extracting the shared variance that belongs to the general factor of psychopathology. Using an integrative longitudinal model, we found that higher levels of general psychopathology at age 7 also associated with bullying exposure at age 8 which, in turn, associated with general psychopathology at age 13 through its two-year continuity. Findings suggest that exposure to bullying is a risk factor for a more general vulnerability to psychopathology.

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Rates of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in a Residential Mother–Infant Unit for Unsettled Infants

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1080/00048670701579108 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 41 (10) ◽

pp. 836-842 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jane Phillips ◽

Louise Sharpe ◽

Stephen Matthey

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Major Depression ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Self Report ◽

Not Otherwise Specified ◽

History Of ◽

A Current ◽

Infant Behaviour

Objective: Depression and anxiety are known to be common among women presenting to residential mother–infant programmes for unsettled infant behaviour but most studies have used self-report measures of psychological symptomatology rather than diagnostic interviews to determine psychiatric diagnoses. The aim of the present study was to determine rates of depressive and anxiety disorders and rates of comorbidity among clients of the Karitane residential mother–infant programme for unsettled infant behaviour. Method: One hundred and sixty women with infants aged 2 weeks–12 months completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and were interviewed for current and lifetime history of depressive and anxiety disorders using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV diagnosis (Research version). Results: A total of 25.1% of the sample met criteria for a current diagnosis of major depression, 31.7% had met criteria for major depression since the start of the pregnancy, and 30.5% of clients met criteria for a current anxiety disorder. Of note were the 21.6% who met criteria for generalized anxiety disorder or anxiety disorder not otherwise specified (worry confined to the topics of the baby or being a mother). High levels of comorbidity were confirmed in the finding that 60.8% of those with an anxiety disorder had experienced major or minor depression since the start of their pregnancy and 46.3% of those who had experienced depression since the start of their pregnancy also met criteria for a current anxiety disorder. Conclusions: There are high levels of psychiatric morbidity among clients attending residential mother–infant units for unsettled infant behaviour, highlighting the importance of providing multifaceted interventions in order to address both infant and maternal psychological issues.

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A Dual-Pathway Perspective on Food Choices in Adolescents: The Role of Loss of Control Over Eating

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.630000 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Eva Van Malderen ◽

Eva Kemps ◽

Laurence Claes ◽

Sandra Verbeken ◽

Lien Goossens

Keyword(s):

Attentional Bias ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Food Choice ◽

Community Sample ◽

Food Choices ◽

Self Report ◽

Unhealthy Food ◽

Loss Of Control ◽

Dual Pathway ◽

Joint Contribution

IntroductionOne in three adolescents frequently consume unhealthy snacks, which is associated with negative developmental outcomes. To date, it remains unclear how intrapersonal factors account for food choices in adolescents. Guided by the dual-pathway model, the current study aimed to: (1) examine the joint contribution of inhibitory control and attentional bias in predicting unhealthy food choices in adolescents, and (2) determine whether this mechanism is more pronounced in adolescents who experience loss of control over eating (LOC).Materials and MethodsA community sample of 80 adolescents (65% female; 10–17 years old, Mage = 13.28, SD = 1.94) was recruited. Based on a self-report questionnaire, 28.7% of this sample reported at least one episode of LOC over the past month. Food choice was assessed using a computerized food choice task. Both inhibitory control and attentional bias were measured with behavioral tasks (go/no-go and dot probe task, respectively). Binary logistic regressions were conducted to address the research questions.ResultsInhibitory control and attentional bias did not significantly interact to predict unhealthy food choices. However, there was a significant three-way interaction between inhibitory control, attentional bias and LOC. For adolescents without LOC, the combination of poor inhibitory control and low attentional bias was significantly associated with unhealthy food choice. Surprisingly, for adolescents with LOC, there was no significant association between unhealthy food choice and inhibitory control or attentional bias.DiscussionDual-pathway processes do not seem to add to the explanation of food choice behavior for adolescents with LOC. For adolescents who do not experience LOC, those with poor inhibitory control combined with low attentional bias might be at particular risk for making unhealthy food choices.

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Hippocampal dependent neuropsychological tests and their relationship to measures of cardiac and self-report interoception

Brain and Cognition ◽

10.1016/j.bandc.2018.02.008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 123 ◽

pp. 23-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Richard J. Stevenson ◽

Heather M. Francis ◽

Megan J. Oaten ◽

Rebecca Schilt

Keyword(s):

Neuropsychological Tests ◽

Self Report

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Experience-Driven Plasticity and the Emergence of Psychopathology: A Mechanistic Framework Integrating Development and the Environment into the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Model

10.31234/osf.io/nue3d ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Katie A McLaughlin ◽

Laurel Joy Gabard-Durnam

Keyword(s):

Developmental Plasticity ◽

Learning Mechanisms ◽

Early Life Adversity ◽

Developmental Variation ◽

Units Of Analysis ◽

Environmental Experience ◽

Dependent Learning ◽

The Life Course ◽

Research Domain ◽

Specific Learning

Despite the clear importance of a developmental perspective for understanding the emergence of psychopathology across the life-course, such a perspective has yet to be integrated into the RDoC model. In this paper, we articulate a framework that incorporates developmentally-specific learning mechanisms that reflect experience-driven plasticity as additional units of analysis in the existing RDoC matrix. These include both experience-expectant learning mechanisms that occur during sensitive periods of development and experience-dependent learning mechanisms that may exhibit substantial variation across development. Incorporating these learning mechanisms allows for clear integration not only of development but also environmental experience into the RDoC model. We demonstrate how individual differences in environmental experiences—such as early-life adversity—can be leveraged to identify experience-driven plasticity patterns across development and apply this framework to consider how environmental experience shapes key biobehavioral processes that comprise the RDoC model. This framework provides a structure for understanding how affective, cognitive, social, and neurobiological processes are shaped by experience across development and ultimately contribute to the emergence of psychopathology. We demonstrate how incorporating an experience-driven plasticity framework is critical for understanding the development of many processes subsumed within the RDoC model, which will contribute to greater understanding of developmental variation in the etiology of psychopathology and can be leveraged to identify potential windows of heightened developmental plasticity when clinical interventions might be maximally efficacious.

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