Characterizing Loss of Control Associated With Binge Eating in College-Age Men

2021 ◽  
pp. 107839032098760
Author(s):  
Barbara E. Wolfe ◽  
Susan Kelly-Weeder ◽  
Danny G. Willis ◽  
Mary Leveillee
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Tailored Therapy ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
College Age ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Key Features

BACKGROUND The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) identifies key features of binge eating (BE) to include the consumption of a large amount of food and the perception of loss of control (LOC) over eating during a distinct episode. While earlier research has focused on food consumption, findings are now emerging on the role of LOC associated with the BE episodes, particularly in women. However, it is unclear that these findings are applicable to men without knowing how men experience LOC associated with BE. AIMS This study examined how college-age men describe LOC associated with BE. METHOD Previously collected qualitative data from a study examining BE in college age-students were used to examine responses from 53 men (mean age 19.9 ± 1.1 [ SD] years). Respondents were asked about their individual experiences of LOC associated with BE episodes. Data were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS Four categories emerged from the data: (1) keep eating, (2) can’t stop, (3) without thinking, and (4) food so good. CONCLUSIONS Findings extend the current understanding of LOC associated with BE in men and point to potential gender differences, and/or weight influences, based on previous reports. Identified categories may be potentially targeted areas for tailored therapy to enhance awareness and self-regulation of BE behavior.

Binge Eating and Loss of Control in College-Age Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Susan Kelly-Weeder ◽  
Danny G. Willis ◽  
Laura Mata Lopez ◽  
Brianna Sacco ◽  
Barbara E. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
College Age ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Behavior Study ◽  
Conventional Content Analysis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cardinal Feature

BACKGROUND: Loss of control (LOC) over eating is a cardinal feature of the DSM-5 definition of binge eating (BE). While this behavior is frequently reported in college-age women, there is limited research on descriptions of loss of control from first-person accounts from individuals reporting LOC associated with BE. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate descriptions of LOC associated with BE episodes in college-age women who reported recent BE behavior. STUDY DESIGN: A secondary analysis of previously collected qualitative data on BE behaviors in college students was conducted. Two hundred and twenty-one college-age women’s (age = 19.77 ± 1.03) comments regarding the experiences of LOC associated with BE episodes were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Codes were inductively generated allowing categories to emerge from the data codes. RESULTS: Three major overarching descriptive categories were identified: (1) LOC over eating, (2) feelings associated with the LOC, and (3) cognitive dispositions (thoughts) associated with LOC during a BE episode. DISCUSSION: The findings of this study expand the current literature on LOC over eating and provide a number of potential targets for intervention with college-age women who report BE behaviors.

Do Individual Differences in Early Affective and Cognitive Self-Regulation Predict Developmental Change in ADHD Symptoms From Preschool to Adolescence?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 1656-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin C. Brocki ◽  
Tommie Forslund ◽  
Matilda Frick ◽  
Gunilla Bohlin
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Change ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Teacher Ratings ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objective: The role of heterogeneous self-regulation deficits in ADHD has long been emphasized. Yet, longitudinal studies examining distinct self-regulation processes as prospective predictors of developmental change in ADHD symptoms spanning wide developmental periods are scarce. The aim of the current study was to examine affective and cognitive self-regulation as predictors of developmental change in ADHD symptoms from preschool to adolescence in a sample with one third of the children being at risk for developing an ADHD and/or ODD diagnosis. Method: At 5 years laboratory measures for hot and cool executive function (EF) and parental and teacher ratings were used for regulation of positive and negative emotionality. Symptoms of ADHD and ODD were measured at 5 and 13 years using parental and teacher ratings based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV). Results: Converging developmental paths in hyperactivity/impulsivity across time were found for those high versus low in early cognitive self-regulation, whereas the development of inattention symptoms diverged across time for those high versus low in early affective self-regulation. Conclusion: These results support the idea that different aspects of self-regulation are important for developmental change in the two separate ADHD symptom domains from preschool to adolescence.

scholarly journals Revising Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria for the bipolar disorders: Phase I of the AREDOC project

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1173-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Parker ◽  
Gabriela Tavella ◽  
Glenda Macqueen ◽  
Michael Berk ◽  
Heinz Grunze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
International Experts

Objective: To derive new criteria sets for defining manic and hypomanic episodes (and thus for defining the bipolar I and II disorders), an international Task Force was assembled and termed AREDOC reflecting its role of Assessment, Revision and Evaluation of DSM and other Operational Criteria. This paper reports on the first phase of its deliberations and interim criteria recommendations. Method: The first stage of the process consisted of reviewing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and recent International Classification of Diseases criteria, identifying their limitations and generating modified criteria sets for further in-depth consideration. Task Force members responded to recommendations for modifying criteria and from these the most problematic issues were identified. Results: Principal issues focussed on by Task Force members were how best to differentiate mania and hypomania, how to judge ‘impairment’ (both in and of itself and allowing that functioning may sometimes improve during hypomanic episodes) and concern that rejecting some criteria (e.g. an imposed duration period) might risk false-positive diagnoses of the bipolar disorders. Conclusion: This first-stage report summarises the clinical opinions of international experts in the diagnosis and management of the bipolar disorders, allowing readers to contemplate diagnostic parameters that may influence their clinical decisions. The findings meaningfully inform subsequent Task Force stages (involving a further commentary stage followed by an empirical study) that are expected to generate improved symptom criteria for diagnosing the bipolar I and II disorders with greater precision and to clarify whether they differ dimensionally or categorically.

Holly's Story: Illustration of an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Case

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1051
Author(s):  
A. Aureli ◽  
D. Piancatelli ◽  
T. Del Beato ◽  
P. Sebastiani ◽  
V. Melillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Allele Drb1

During the last 10 years a significant increase of childhood neuropsychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has been reported. ADHD is believed to have a multifactorial etiology including multiple genetic and prenatal environmental factors. For this reason, there has been a recent revival regarding the role of autoimmunity in this pathology. An ADHD combined-type patient born from a drug-addicted mother was studied. Neuropsychological tests according to the criteria of the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM4) permitted us to make the ADHD-diagnosis. The HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 alleles of the child were determined by sequence-based typing (SBT) after DNA extraction. Although no autistic behavioral features were observed in the patient, a double genetic association between ADHD and autism was reported. In fact, HLA class I alleles (A*02 and B*44) associated to autism and the HLA class II allele (DRB1*04) associated both to autism and ADHD were identified.

Chronic pain and the psychiatrist

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
B. Van Houdenhove
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

SUMMARYChronic pain is a phenomenon with important psychiatric aspects from a diagnostic as well as a therapeutic point of view. The place of chronic pain in the different versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and the differential-diagnosis are critically discussed. The comorbidity with depression, anxiety disorders, substance abuse and personality disorders is extensively treated. Finally, the essential role of the psychiatrist in the multidisciplinary therapeutic approach of these patients is emphasised.

scholarly journals Binge eating disorder in men. A review of the relevant variables in the literature

Salud Mental ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Héctor Julián Velázquez López ◽  
◽  
Rosalía Vázquez Arévalo ◽  
Juan Manuel Mancilla Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Dsm Iv

Background. Although binge eating disorder (BED) formally appeared in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), after nearly two decades of research, it is still considered understudied in men. Objective. To carry out a literature review with the variables that have been relevant in research on BED in men, from 1994 to 2015. Method. The article search was conducted in Medline and PsycINFO databases. Results. Twenty-eight articles were analyzed, none specifically investigated male population. Men engage less in restrictive dieting than women (29.8% and 57.3%, respectively). Regarding body image, both men and women are prone to body dissatisfaction, although the ideal body is not necessarily the same. Regarding comorbidity, anxiety disorders are the most common ones in men with BED, in addition to the fact that they are more susceptible to substance abuse. Discussion and conclusion. Investigation on BED has mainly been conducted on female population, which suggests the need for more research on men that provides more empirical evidence.

scholarly journals Female Narcissism: Assessment, Aetiology, and Behavioural Manifestations

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110273
Author(s):  
Ava Green ◽  
Rory MacLean ◽  
Kathy Charles
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Narcissistic Personality Disorder ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Narcissistic Personality

Despite putative gender differences in the expression of narcissism, prominent theories have virtually dismissed the role of females in the development and manifestation of narcissism. The contention that narcissism is a pathology of the self that may partly differ in males and females is further evident in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The DSM-5 reports that up to 75% of those diagnosed with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) are men. Such figures suggest that the representation of narcissism as codified in the DSM-5 may only be marginally applicable to females, given its prominent focus and nature on capturing grandiose themes which closely resemble commonly masculine norms. The overemphasis on grandiose features extends to the empirical literature which defines narcissism as a normative personality trait and is widely assessed using the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), on which males obtain significantly higher scores than females. As this review will demonstrate, one limitation frequently occurring in the literature is the attempt to comprehend narcissistic manifestations in females through the lens of what has commonly been defined as narcissism (DSM/NPI). In this review, the literature concerning the diagnostic assessment and conceptualization of narcissistic personality disorder, etiological factors, aggression, and partner violence perpetration will be discussed in relation to the importance of gender. This is followed by a review of existing gaps in theory and research, and suggestions for fruitful directions that can aid a richer and more meaningful literature on narcissism inclusive of gender issues.

scholarly journals Should Echolalia Be Considered a Phonic Stereotypy? A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Jacopo Pruccoli ◽  
Chiara Spadoni ◽  
Alex Orsenigo ◽  
Antonia Parmeggiani
Keyword(s):  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Development Of Language

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) defines echolalia as a pathological, parrotlike, and apparently senseless repetition (echoing) of a word or phrase just uttered by another person and classifies this condition among the “restrictive and repetitive behaviours” of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The authors reviewed the existing literature on echolalia and its role in the development of children with ASD. Current conceptualizations include echolalia among repetitive behaviors and stereotypies and thus interpret this symptom as lacking any communicative significance, with negative effects on learning and sensory processing. Echoic behaviors, however, have been described in neurotypical infants and children as having a substantial effect on the consequent development of language and communication. Relevant research has documented a functional role of echolalia in ASD children as well since it facilitates the acquisition of verbal competencies and affords a higher degree of semantic generalization. This developmental function could be restricted to specific contexts. Considering echolalia as stereotypy and treating it as a disturbing symptom could impair the development of ASD-specific learning and communication processes. In light of this evidence, the authors propose a different conceptualization of echolalia and suggest that this symptom be considered among atypical communication patterns in children with ASD, with implications for treatment and prognosis.

Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Barrett Kern ◽  
Sarah K. Keedy
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Mood Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychotic Features ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Bipolar Disorder

Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder with psychotic features include varying degrees of psychosis and mood symptoms. As such, these disorders may represent three points on a spectrum rather than three categorically distinct disorders. This chapter outlines the key role of psychosis in characterizing these disorders and reviews the conceptual history of this characterization as embodied in the different editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The inherent practical and conceptual problems associated with a categorical system for these diagnoses and for defining psychosis symptoms are emphasized. Finally, specific symptoms and their qualitative and quantitative features are compared and contrasted among schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and psychotic bipolar disorder.

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