Do Individual Differences in Early Affective and Cognitive Self-Regulation Predict Developmental Change in ADHD Symptoms From Preschool to Adolescence?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 1656-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin C. Brocki ◽  
Tommie Forslund ◽  
Matilda Frick ◽  
Gunilla Bohlin
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Change ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Teacher Ratings ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objective: The role of heterogeneous self-regulation deficits in ADHD has long been emphasized. Yet, longitudinal studies examining distinct self-regulation processes as prospective predictors of developmental change in ADHD symptoms spanning wide developmental periods are scarce. The aim of the current study was to examine affective and cognitive self-regulation as predictors of developmental change in ADHD symptoms from preschool to adolescence in a sample with one third of the children being at risk for developing an ADHD and/or ODD diagnosis. Method: At 5 years laboratory measures for hot and cool executive function (EF) and parental and teacher ratings were used for regulation of positive and negative emotionality. Symptoms of ADHD and ODD were measured at 5 and 13 years using parental and teacher ratings based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV). Results: Converging developmental paths in hyperactivity/impulsivity across time were found for those high versus low in early cognitive self-regulation, whereas the development of inattention symptoms diverged across time for those high versus low in early affective self-regulation. Conclusion: These results support the idea that different aspects of self-regulation are important for developmental change in the two separate ADHD symptom domains from preschool to adolescence.

Behavioral Observations of Parents With ADHD During Parent Training

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 1289-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dara E. Babinski ◽  
James G. Waxmonsky ◽  
Daniel A. Waschbusch ◽  
William E. Pelham
Keyword(s):  
Parent Training ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Parent Training ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Parental Adhd ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objective: Several studies suggest that parental ADHD impedes behavioral parent training (BPT) outcomes. Parental ADHD symptoms exhibited during BPT may interfere with the acquisition of new skills. This study explored the observed behavior of parents with ADHD during BPT. Method: Parents of children with ADHD attending group BPT completed self-ratings of their ADHD symptoms. Parents indicating a moderate level of ADHD symptoms were administered a clinical interview, and 37.3% of parents met ADHD criteria based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) clinician-rated symptom counts. Results: Parents with high ADHD symptoms displayed more total and off-task violations compared with parents with low ADHD symptoms, although no significant differences emerged for other behaviors (i.e., working quietly, using materials appropriately, and remaining in seat), absences, or tardiness. Conclusion: Parental ADHD symptoms were manifested during BPT. Future research should clarify the nature of parental behavior in BPT as a possible mechanism explaining the relation between parental ADHD and impaired BPT outcomes.

The Impact of DSM-5 A-Criteria Changes on Parent Ratings of ADHD in Adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret H. Sibley ◽  
Carlos E. Yeguez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Parent Ratings ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Objective: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) A-criteria for ADHD were expanded to include new descriptors referencing adolescent and adult symptom manifestations. This study examines the effect of these changes on symptom endorsement in a sample of adolescents with ADHD (N = 259; age range = 10.72-16.70). Method: Parent ratings were collected and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) and DSM-5 endorsement of ADHD symptoms were compared. Results: Under the DSM-5, there were significant increases in reported inattention, but not hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) symptoms, with specific elevations for certain symptoms. The average adolescent met criteria for less than one additional symptom under the DSM-5, but the correlation between ADHD symptoms and impairment was attenuated when using the DSM-5 items. Impulsivity items appeared to represent adolescent deficits better than hyperactivity items. Results were not moderated by demographic factors. Conclusion: In a sample of adolescents with well-diagnosed DSM-IV-TR ADHD, developmental symptom descriptors led parents to endorse slightly more symptoms of inattention, but this elevation is unlikely to be clinically meaningful.

Introduction

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (S23) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Lenard A. Adler ◽  
Jeffrey H. Newcorn
Keyword(s):  
Adult Adhd ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be the most common chronic, undiagnosed psychiatric disorder in adults. ADHD is characterized by restlessness, overactivity, disorganization, impulsivity, and inattention; and as further characterized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). For most cases, an adult ADHD diagnosis is preceded by symptoms in childhood, which is a time when the disorder is rarely inquired about and usually overlooked.ADHD has been recognized in children for several decades, and the importance of detection and treatment is well established. Whereas it was initially believed that children outgrew the disease, researchers now know that approximately two thirds of children affected with ADHD symptoms carry the condition into adolescence and then into adulthood. Consequently, >4% of adults in the United States have ADHD. Nevertheless, the disorder is unrecognized and untreated in the vast majority of these people.

scholarly journals The Co-Morbidity between Bipolar and Panic Disorder in Fibromyalgia Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3619
Author(s):  
Alessandra Alciati ◽  
Fabiola Atzeni ◽  
Daniela Caldirola ◽  
Giampaolo Perna ◽  
Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Fibromyalgia Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Dsm Iv

About half of the patients with fibromyalgia (FM) had a lifetime major depression episode and one third had a panic disorder (PD). Because the co-morbidity between bipolar disorder (BD) and PD marks a specific subtype of BD we aimed to investigate if co-morbid BD/PD (comBD/PD) occurs more frequently than the single disorder in FM patients and evaluate the clinical significance and timing of this co-morbidity. Further, we explored the role of co-morbid subthreshold BD and PD. In 118 patients with FM, lifetime threshold and sub-threshold mood disorders and PD were diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) Clinical Interview. Demographic and clinical variables were compared in co-morbid BD/PD (comBD/PD) and not co-morbid BD/PD (nocomBD/PD) subgroups. The co-morbidity BD/PD was seen in 46.6% of FM patients and in 68.6% when patients with minor bipolar (MinBD) and sub-threshold panic were included. These rates are higher than those of the general population and BD outpatients. There were no statistically significant differences between threshold and sub-threshold comBD/PD and nocom-BD/PD subgroups in demographic and clinical parameters. In the majority of patients (78.2%), the onset of comBD/PD preceded or was contemporary with FM. These findings support the hypothesis that comBD/PD is related to the development of FM in a subgroup of patients.

Characterizing Loss of Control Associated With Binge Eating in College-Age Men

2021 ◽  
pp. 107839032098760
Author(s):  
Barbara E. Wolfe ◽  
Susan Kelly-Weeder ◽  
Danny G. Willis ◽  
Mary Leveillee
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Tailored Therapy ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
College Age ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Key Features

BACKGROUND The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) identifies key features of binge eating (BE) to include the consumption of a large amount of food and the perception of loss of control (LOC) over eating during a distinct episode. While earlier research has focused on food consumption, findings are now emerging on the role of LOC associated with the BE episodes, particularly in women. However, it is unclear that these findings are applicable to men without knowing how men experience LOC associated with BE. AIMS This study examined how college-age men describe LOC associated with BE. METHOD Previously collected qualitative data from a study examining BE in college age-students were used to examine responses from 53 men (mean age 19.9 ± 1.1 [ SD] years). Respondents were asked about their individual experiences of LOC associated with BE episodes. Data were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS Four categories emerged from the data: (1) keep eating, (2) can’t stop, (3) without thinking, and (4) food so good. CONCLUSIONS Findings extend the current understanding of LOC associated with BE in men and point to potential gender differences, and/or weight influences, based on previous reports. Identified categories may be potentially targeted areas for tailored therapy to enhance awareness and self-regulation of BE behavior.

scholarly journals THE DSM-5 AND THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS UNDER THE CRIMINAL LAW

Obiter ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charnelle van der Bijl ◽  
Letitia Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Axial System

The DSM-5 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders was published in 2013. This manual replaced and significantly revised the former DSM IV-TR, as it abolishes the Multi-Axial system that distinguished between personality and otherdisorders, which system had an impact on the disorders that were considered legally significant from those that were not. Owing to its recent publication, the DSM-5 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, was not judicially considered in a criminal-law context. This article examines the role that personality disorders in the DSM-5 will play on the possible future of Criminal Law jurisprudential literature. Personality disorders are examined in the context of their classification, the definition of mental illness and pathological criminal incapacity. Possible solutions are suggested on how these mental disorders may be accommodated in the Criminal Law context.

Comparison of Three Questionnaires to Screen for Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescents and Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne van Alebeek ◽  
Paul T. van der Heijden ◽  
Christel Hessels ◽  
Melissa S.Y. Thong ◽  
Marcel van Aken
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Patient Questionnaire ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv

Abstract. One of the most common personality disorders among adolescents and young adults is the Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). The objective of current study was to assess three questionnaires that can reliably screen for BPD in adolescents and young adults (N = 53): the McLean Screening Instrument for BPD (MSI-BPD; Zanarini et al., 2003 ), the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire 4th edition – BPD scale (PDQ-4 BPD; Hyler, 1994 ), and the SCID-II Patient Questionnaire – BPD scale (SCID-II-PQ BPD). The nine criteria of BPD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV; APA, 1994 ) were measured with the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II disorders – BPD scale (SCID-II; First, Spitzer, Gibbon, Williams, & Benjamin, 1995 ). Correlations between the questionnaires and the SCID-II were calculated. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaires were tested. All instruments predicted the BPD diagnosis equally well.

The Classification of Eating Disorders

2010 ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn H. Gordon ◽  
Jill M. Holm-Denoma ◽  
Ross D. Crosby ◽  
Stephen A. Wonderlich
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Dsm Iv

The purpose of the chapter is to elucidate the key issues regarding the classification of eating disorders. To this end, a review of nosological research in the area of eating disorders is presented, with a particular focus on empirically based techniques such as taxometric and latent class analysis. This is followed by a section outlining areas of overlap between the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) eating disorder categories and their symptoms. Next, eating disorder classification models that are alternatives to the DSM-IV-TR are described and critically examined in light of available empirical data. Finally, areas of controversy and considerations for change in next version of the DSM (i.e., the applicability of DSM criteria to minority groups, children, males; the question of whether clinical categories should be differentiated from research categories) are discussed.

scholarly journals Revising Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria for the bipolar disorders: Phase I of the AREDOC project

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1173-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Parker ◽  
Gabriela Tavella ◽  
Glenda Macqueen ◽  
Michael Berk ◽  
Heinz Grunze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
International Experts

Objective: To derive new criteria sets for defining manic and hypomanic episodes (and thus for defining the bipolar I and II disorders), an international Task Force was assembled and termed AREDOC reflecting its role of Assessment, Revision and Evaluation of DSM and other Operational Criteria. This paper reports on the first phase of its deliberations and interim criteria recommendations. Method: The first stage of the process consisted of reviewing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and recent International Classification of Diseases criteria, identifying their limitations and generating modified criteria sets for further in-depth consideration. Task Force members responded to recommendations for modifying criteria and from these the most problematic issues were identified. Results: Principal issues focussed on by Task Force members were how best to differentiate mania and hypomania, how to judge ‘impairment’ (both in and of itself and allowing that functioning may sometimes improve during hypomanic episodes) and concern that rejecting some criteria (e.g. an imposed duration period) might risk false-positive diagnoses of the bipolar disorders. Conclusion: This first-stage report summarises the clinical opinions of international experts in the diagnosis and management of the bipolar disorders, allowing readers to contemplate diagnostic parameters that may influence their clinical decisions. The findings meaningfully inform subsequent Task Force stages (involving a further commentary stage followed by an empirical study) that are expected to generate improved symptom criteria for diagnosing the bipolar I and II disorders with greater precision and to clarify whether they differ dimensionally or categorically.

Sexual Disorders Not Otherwise Specified: Compulsive, Addictive, or Impulsive?

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Donald W. Black ◽  
Willie Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Disorders ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Hypersexual Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Comorbidity

AbstractParaphilias are recurrent and intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors generally involving nonhuman objects. These paraphilias cause the suffering or humiliation of the patient or patient's partner, or children, or other nonconsenting persons. However, in many patients symptoms involve more culturally acceptable patterns (eg, repetitive masturbation, Internet pornography); such hypersexual symptoms have been labeled as compulsive, addictive, or impulsive. Growing evidence supports the existence of a discrete syndrome characterized by recurrent and intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving patterns that fall outside the definition of paraphilia. There is, however, high comorbidity with paraphilia. While such symptoms have been labeled as sexual compulsion or addiction, these terms are problematic in this context. Modern nosology has neglected this entity, although the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), category of sexual disorders not otherwise specified includes hypersexual behaviors as an example. We suggest that the DSM-IV category of sexual disorders be modified to include explicitly diagnostic criteria for a disorder characterized by hypersexual symptoms involving patterns that fall outside of the current definition of paraphilia. The disorder might be classified as one of the paraphilias, or as paraphilia-related. In the absence of a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of this disorder, we suggest that it simply be termed hypersexual disorder.

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