Vitamin–Mineral Treatment of ADHD in Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 522-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia J. Rucklidge ◽  
Chris M. Frampton ◽  
Brigette Gorman ◽  
Anna Boggis
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Significant Regression ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Dominant Treatment ◽  
Better Than

Objective: Despite widespread use, there is little data investigating the long-term impact of micronutrients on psychiatric disorders. This study investigated the naturalistic outcome 1-year post-baseline of a randomized controlled trials (RCT) that compared micronutrients with placebo in 80 adults with ADHD. Method: All participants were contacted and clinician-rated questionnaires completed. Results: A total of 72 (90%) of the sample participated; although there was significant regression in psychiatric functioning from the end-of-trial on all measures, outcomes remained significantly improved from baseline. Dominant treatment from the end-of-treatment to follow-up was investigated as a mediator of outcome; those staying on the micronutrients performed better than those who switched to medications or discontinued micronutrients. Cost was the most substantial reason why people stopped micronutrient treatment. Conclusion: For the small number of participants who stayed on micronutrients, the benefits conferred through the controlled trial were maintained. The results are limited by small sample, lack of blinding, expectation, and reliance on self-report of symptoms.

scholarly journals Preventing Recurrence of Depression: Long-Term Effects of a Randomized Controlled Trial on Cognitive Control Training for Remitted Depressed Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262097977
Author(s):  
Kristof Hoorelbeke ◽  
Nathan Van den Bergh ◽  
Rudi De Raedt ◽  
Marieke Wichers ◽  
Ernst H. W. Koster
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Cognitive Transfer ◽  
Cognitive Control Training

Previous studies suggest that cognitive control training (CCT) shows potential as a preventive intervention for depression. In this study, the first to examine long-term preventive effects of CCT, we examined effects on (a) task-specific cognitive transfer at 1-year follow-up, (b) recurrence of depression, and (c) functioning over the course of a year. Each of 92 remitted depressed patients were randomly assigned to a CCT condition or an active control condition (ACT). Effects of training were monitored using weekly assessments of emotion regulation, cognitive complaints, depressive symptoms, and resilience (brief weekly questionnaire). At 1-year follow-up, participants completed a structured clinical interview, cognitive transfer task, and questionnaires. We observed task-specific cognitive transfer ( p < .001, d = 1.23) and lower recurrence rates in the CCT condition ( p = .04; odds ratio = 0.38). However, no long-term beneficial effects of training were observed on the weekly ratings of functioning, and groups did not differ in performance on the self-report questionnaires at 1-year follow-up.

A 12-month follow-up study of “RedUSe”: a trial aimed at reducing antipsychotic and benzodiazepine use in nursing homes

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1260-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanita Westbury ◽  
Lisette Tichelaar ◽  
Gregory Peterson ◽  
Peter Gee ◽  
Shane Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Benzodiazepine Use ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Dose Reductions

ABSTRACTBackground: To assess the long-term impact of the “Reducing Use of Sedatives” (RedUSe) trial on antipsychotic and benzodiazepine prevalence and dosage.Methods: RedUSe was a six-month controlled trial conducted in 25 Tasmanian nursing homes in 2008–9 which led to significant reductions in benzodiazepine and antipsychotic use and a doubling of dose reductions of these agents. In a follow-up study, data on psychotropic use was collected from all nursing homes a year after the final RedUSe measure. Mean daily doses for each home were calculated by converting antipsychotic and benzodiazepine doses to chlorpromazine and diazepam equivalents, respectively. To determine the long-term impact of the project, 6-month and initial baseline data were compared to the 18-month follow-up data.Results: 1578 residents were audited for the follow-up measure. In the 18 months since the RedUSe project was instigated, benzodiazepine prevalence fell by 25% in intervention nursing homes. Similarly, the mean daily diazepam equivalence in these homes had fallen by 24%. In contrast, after a significant reduction during the RedUSe trial, antipsychotic prevalence returned to baseline levels in intervention nursing homes, with mean chlorpromazine equivalence remaining relatively constant with time. There was a delayed reduction in benzodiazepine and antipsychotic use in the control homes.Conclusions: Both benzodiazepine usage and mean daily diazepam equivalence continued to decline in intervention nursing homes in the year following the RedUSe trial. However, the effect of the RedUSe intervention on antipsychotic prevalence and dosage was not sustained.

scholarly journals Randomized, Controlled Trial of Yoga in Women With Breast Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1058-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita D. Chandwani ◽  
George Perkins ◽  
Hongasandra Ramarao Nagendra ◽  
Nelamangala V. Raghuram ◽  
Amy Spelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Medical Outcomes ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Scale Scores

Purpose Previous research incorporating yoga (YG) into radiotherapy (XRT) for women with breast cancer finds improved quality of life (QOL). However, shortcomings in this research limit the findings. Patients and Methods Patients with stages 0 to III breast cancer were recruited before starting XRT and were randomly assigned to YG (n = 53) or stretching (ST; n = 56) three times a week for 6 weeks during XRT or waitlist (WL; n = 54) control. Self-report measures of QOL (Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form survey; primary outcomes), fatigue, depression, and sleep quality, and five saliva samples per day for 3 consecutive days were collected at baseline, end of treatment, and 1, 3, and 6 months later. Results The YG group had significantly greater increases in physical component scale scores compared with the WL group at 1 and 3 months after XRT (P = .01 and P = .01). At 1, 3, and 6 months, the YG group had greater increases in physical functioning compared with both ST and WL groups (P < .05), with ST and WL differences at only 3 months (P < .02). The group differences were similar for general health reports. By the end of XRT, the YG and ST groups also had a reduction in fatigue (P < .05). There were no group differences for mental health and sleep quality. Cortisol slope was steepest for the YG group compared with the ST and WL groups at the end (P = .023 and P = .008) and 1 month after XRT (P = .05 and P = .04). Conclusion YG improved QOL and physiological changes associated with XRT beyond the benefits of simple ST exercises, and these benefits appear to have long-term durability.

scholarly journals Long-Term Impact of Malaria Chemoprophylaxis on Cognitive Abilities and Educational Attainment: Follow-Up of a Controlled Trial

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. e19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. H Jukes ◽  
Margaret Pinder ◽  
Elena L Grigorenko ◽  
Helen Baños Smith ◽  
Gijs Walraven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Malaria Chemoprophylaxis ◽  
Long Term Impact

Setting up a Pain Management Programme the Ayrshire Experience

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Martin ◽  
T. Obonyo ◽  
T. Carney ◽  
L. Lamont
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Activity Levels

A controlled trial of an outpatient cognitive behavioural pain management programme for sufferers of non-cancer chronic pain is described. A multidisciplinary team set up a programme of ten half day sessions for groups of ten to fourteen patients aiming to improve activity levels and control over pain; to reduce maladaptive pain behaviours and drug intake; to mitigate negative mood; to modify unhelpful beliefs and to maintain treatment gains by operant and cognitive methods. Self report questionnaires were employed before and six weeks, six months and one year after the programme. Fifty-eight patients entered the study group and 39 patients completed the programme and initial follow up with further attrition in long term follow up. There were no changes in the waiting list control group of twelve subjects but the study group made significant short and long term improvements in pain severity, activity levels, mood, coping and experienced fewer catastrophizing thoughts.

Two-Year Follow-Up of a Sexual Health Promotion Program for Spanish Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose P. Espada ◽  
Silvia Escribano ◽  
Alexandra Morales ◽  
Mireia Orgilés
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Long Term Impact

The aim is to evaluate the effects of the Competencias para adolescentes con una sexualidad saludable (COMPAS) program and compare them with an evidence-based program ( ¡Cuídate!) and a control group (CG). Eighteen public high schools were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions. Initially, 1,563 Spanish adolescents between 14 and 16 years of age participated, and 24 months after their implementation, 635 of them completed a survey. Self-report measures collected data on sexual behavior, knowledge, attitudes, intention, sexual risk perception, and perceived norm. Compared to the CG, COMPAS increased the level of knowledge about sexually transmitted infections and improved the attitudes toward people living with human immunodeficiency virus at the 2-year follow-up. Neither intervention had a long-term impact on behavioral variables. Results suggest that COMPAS has a comparable impact to the other intervention on the variables predicting consistent condom use. Reinforcing the messages and skills that have the greatest impact on condom use and adding booster sessions following program completion as strategies to maintain long-term effects are necessary.

scholarly journals The importance of maternal pregnancy vitamin D for offspring bone health: learnings from the MAVIDOS trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1759720X2110069
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Moon ◽  
Elizabeth M. Curtis ◽  
Stephen J. Woolford ◽  
Shanze Ashai ◽  
Cyrus Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Positive Effects

Optimisation of skeletal mineralisation in childhood is important to reduce childhood fracture and the long-term risk of osteoporosis and fracture in later life. One approach to achieving this is antenatal vitamin D supplementation. The Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study is a randomised placebo-controlled trial, the aim of which was to assess the effect of antenatal vitamin D supplementation (1000 IU/day cholecalciferol) on offspring bone mass at birth. The study has since extended the follow up into childhood and diversified to assess demographic, lifestyle and genetic factors that determine the biochemical response to antenatal vitamin D supplementation, and to understand the mechanisms underpinning the effects of vitamin D supplementation on offspring bone development, including epigenetics. The demonstration of positive effects of maternal pregnancy vitamin D supplementation on offspring bone development and the delineation of underlying biological mechanisms inform clinical care and future public-health policies.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Cystine Stones: A Single-Center Experience for 13 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1336
Author(s):  
Toshifumi Takahashi ◽  
Shinya Somiya ◽  
Katsuhiro Ito ◽  
Toru Kanno ◽  
Yoshihito Higashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Cystine Stones

Introduction: Cystine stone development is relatively uncommon among patients with urolithiasis, and most studies have reported only on small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. We evaluated clinical courses and treatment outcomes of patients with cystine stones with long-term follow-up at our center. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 22 patients diagnosed with cystine stones between January 1989 and May 2019. Results: The median follow-up was 160 (range 6–340) months, and the median patient age at diagnosis was 46 (range 12–82) years. All patients underwent surgical interventions at the first visit (4 extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, 5 ureteroscopy, and 13 percutaneous nephrolithotripsy). The median number of stone events and surgical interventions per year was 0.45 (range 0–2.6) and 0.19 (range 0–1.3) after initial surgical intervention. The median time to stone events and surgical intervention was 2 years and 3.25 years, respectively. There was a significant difference in time to stone events and second surgical intervention when patients were divided at 50 years of age at diagnosis (p = 0.02, 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: Only age at a diagnosis under 50 was significantly associated with recurrent stone events and intervention. Adequate follow-up and treatment are needed to manage patients with cystine stones safely.

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