Two-Year Follow-Up of a Sexual Health Promotion Program for Spanish Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose P. Espada ◽  
Silvia Escribano ◽  
Alexandra Morales ◽  
Mireia Orgilés
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Long Term Impact

The aim is to evaluate the effects of the Competencias para adolescentes con una sexualidad saludable (COMPAS) program and compare them with an evidence-based program ( ¡Cuídate!) and a control group (CG). Eighteen public high schools were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions. Initially, 1,563 Spanish adolescents between 14 and 16 years of age participated, and 24 months after their implementation, 635 of them completed a survey. Self-report measures collected data on sexual behavior, knowledge, attitudes, intention, sexual risk perception, and perceived norm. Compared to the CG, COMPAS increased the level of knowledge about sexually transmitted infections and improved the attitudes toward people living with human immunodeficiency virus at the 2-year follow-up. Neither intervention had a long-term impact on behavioral variables. Results suggest that COMPAS has a comparable impact to the other intervention on the variables predicting consistent condom use. Reinforcing the messages and skills that have the greatest impact on condom use and adding booster sessions following program completion as strategies to maintain long-term effects are necessary.

Early Post-Partum Contact and Later Attitudes

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter de Chateau
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Infant Behaviour

In a randomized, prospective study the long-term effects of early post-partum skin-toskin and suckling contact was studied. In follow-up studies 36 hours, 3 and 12 months after delivery maternal behaviour, infant behaviour, the duration of breast feeding and certain attitudes towards child rearing procedures were shown to develop differently in a group of mothers and infants with early post-natal contacts as compared to a control group. Three years after delivery parents with early contact appreciated their children's language development to be faster; the number of siblings born in these families was greater than in controls. In the discussion, the relative importance of the immediate postnatal period is emphasized, a more family oriented development seems to occur in the presence of early post-delivery interaction.

scholarly journals Long-Term Outcomes of Rheohaemapheresis in the Treatment of Dry Form of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Studnička ◽  
Eva Rencová ◽  
Milan Bláha ◽  
Pavel Rozsíval ◽  
Miriam Lánská ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Treated Patient ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Age Related

Purpose. Determining long-term effects of rheohaemapheresis on the dry form of age-related macular degeneration.Methods. This study evaluates 19 patients, average age of 67.6 years, treated with rheohaemapheresis and 18 patients, average age of 72.8 years, comprising the control group. Minimum follow up period was 3.5 years. Each treated patient received a series of 8 sessions of rheohaemapheresis of 1.5 plasma volumes within 10 weeks. We measured the drusenoid pigment epithelium detachment (DPED), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), electroretinography (ERG), and rheological parameters.Results. In the treatment group, the baseline BCVA was 0.74 (0.36–1.0) 95% CI and BCVA after 3.5 years was 0.79 (0.41–1.0) 95% CI (P=0.726). In the control group, the baseline BCVA was 0.71 (0.15–1.0) 95% CI and BCVA after 3.5 years decreased to 0.7 (0.32–0.87) 95% CI (P=0.031). Baseline DPED was 6.78 ± 3.79 mm2; after 3.5 years, it decreased to 4.13 ± 3.84 mm2(P<0.001). In the control group, the baseline DPED was 4.09 ± 3.48 mm2; after 3.5 years, it increased to 6.69 ± 4.2 mm2(P=0.001). We noted increasing levels of positive wave peaking at 50 milliseconds (P50) after treatment (P=0.022) and a stable amplitude of photopic responses of treated patients.Conclusion. Over the long term, rheohaemapheresis reduced the DPED, improved the function of photoreceptors, and prevented the decline of BCVA.

scholarly journals Kidney Damage After Sepsis: A Long-term Follow-up. An Experimental Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Alvim Liberatore ◽  
Giovana C. Obara ◽  
Rodrigo Barbosa de Souza ◽  
Luara L. Cassiano ◽  
Ivan Hong Jun Koh
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Renal Histology ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
The Face ◽  
Sepsis Survivors ◽  
Long Term Impact

Abstract Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in sepsis is a common event. This study aims to evaluate the long-term impact of sepsis on renal hemodynamics and morphology. Methods: Wistar rats underwent sepsis and survivors (n = 24) were followed for up to six months, monitoring macro, regional and micro hemodynamics of the kidney, serum creatinine, and renal histology. The naive animals were used as the control group (n= 6), and sepsis was induced by E. coli e.v. inoculation. Surviving animals were monitored for up to six months. Results: Overall, the findings show that sepsis survivors have long-term hemodynamic and morphological compromise, as well as a progressive worsening of renal functional unit components over time. Even after six months of recovery from sepsis, severe renal hypoxia, chronic inflammation, evidence of increased vascular resistance, and renal fibrosis were observed in surviving animals. These alterations were present in animals with a healthy appearance and normal MAP. Conclusion: Those findings may represent a state of severely impaired physiology and be a contributing factor to the higher susceptibility to renal failure in the face of a new infectious challenge or to other pathological stimuli in the post-sepsis periods.

scholarly journals Intensive home treatment for adolescents in psychiatric crisis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jet B. Muskens ◽  
Pierre C. M. Herpers ◽  
Caroline Hilderink ◽  
Patricia A. M. van Deurzen ◽  
Jan K. Buitelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Home Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
New Model ◽  
Combined Application

Abstract Background Adolescents with acute psychiatric disorders are typically treated with long-term clinical admission. However, long term admission may be associated with a variety of negative outcomes. This pilot study presents a new model of care, that is, the combined application of intensive home treatment and the possibility of short term stay at a psychiatric high & intensive care. Methods In total 112 referred adolescents with mixed diagnoses participated in this longitudinal observational design. Clinical outcome was measured by the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA) which measures the severity of multiple mental health problems. The HoNOSCA was clinician-rated at intake, after two months and after four months at discharge. Change in HoNOSCA total score was analysed with paired t-tests. Outcome moderators were gender, age, primary diagnosis, clinical admission, home treatment-time, medication and additional therapies. Follow up data were completed for 62 patients after two months and for 53 after four months. Results Participants aged between 11 and 18 years (M = 14.8 years, SD = 0.3; 52% female). Mean HoNOSCA total score at intake was 18.8 (SD = 5.2), after two months 13.0 (SD = 5.0); after four months resulting in a score of 9.3 (SD = 5.2). None of the moderators tested showed a significant effect on HoNOSCA scores. However, a control group could not be used because of the severe psychopathology and high risk for suicidality and the lack of an effective treatment intervention for a comparable study group. Conclusion With a symptom decrease of over 50% within four months as measured by the HoNOSCA, including less risk for hospitalization, this new model appears promising and of clinical relevance. Nevertheless, further research regarding stability of treatment outcome is warranted and evaluation of long-term effects of this model in follow-up studies is needed.

Vitamin–Mineral Treatment of ADHD in Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 522-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia J. Rucklidge ◽  
Chris M. Frampton ◽  
Brigette Gorman ◽  
Anna Boggis
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Significant Regression ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Dominant Treatment ◽  
Better Than

Objective: Despite widespread use, there is little data investigating the long-term impact of micronutrients on psychiatric disorders. This study investigated the naturalistic outcome 1-year post-baseline of a randomized controlled trials (RCT) that compared micronutrients with placebo in 80 adults with ADHD. Method: All participants were contacted and clinician-rated questionnaires completed. Results: A total of 72 (90%) of the sample participated; although there was significant regression in psychiatric functioning from the end-of-trial on all measures, outcomes remained significantly improved from baseline. Dominant treatment from the end-of-treatment to follow-up was investigated as a mediator of outcome; those staying on the micronutrients performed better than those who switched to medications or discontinued micronutrients. Cost was the most substantial reason why people stopped micronutrient treatment. Conclusion: For the small number of participants who stayed on micronutrients, the benefits conferred through the controlled trial were maintained. The results are limited by small sample, lack of blinding, expectation, and reliance on self-report of symptoms.

scholarly journals Preventing Recurrence of Depression: Long-Term Effects of a Randomized Controlled Trial on Cognitive Control Training for Remitted Depressed Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262097977
Author(s):  
Kristof Hoorelbeke ◽  
Nathan Van den Bergh ◽  
Rudi De Raedt ◽  
Marieke Wichers ◽  
Ernst H. W. Koster
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Cognitive Transfer ◽  
Cognitive Control Training

Previous studies suggest that cognitive control training (CCT) shows potential as a preventive intervention for depression. In this study, the first to examine long-term preventive effects of CCT, we examined effects on (a) task-specific cognitive transfer at 1-year follow-up, (b) recurrence of depression, and (c) functioning over the course of a year. Each of 92 remitted depressed patients were randomly assigned to a CCT condition or an active control condition (ACT). Effects of training were monitored using weekly assessments of emotion regulation, cognitive complaints, depressive symptoms, and resilience (brief weekly questionnaire). At 1-year follow-up, participants completed a structured clinical interview, cognitive transfer task, and questionnaires. We observed task-specific cognitive transfer ( p < .001, d = 1.23) and lower recurrence rates in the CCT condition ( p = .04; odds ratio = 0.38). However, no long-term beneficial effects of training were observed on the weekly ratings of functioning, and groups did not differ in performance on the self-report questionnaires at 1-year follow-up.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Immunosuppressive Monotherapy Agents for IgA Nephropathy: A Network Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shisheng Han ◽  
Tianwen Yao ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Yanqiu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Long Term Effects

Background: The efficacy and safety of immunosuppressive monotherapy agents were evaluated for immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) using a network meta-analysis approach.Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published prior to October 1, 2019, using immunosuppressive agents for treating IgAN, were systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. Relative risks (RRs) or standard mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the random-effects model. The primary outcomes were clinical remission, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and serious adverse events (SAEs). The secondary outcomes were urinary protein excretion and serum creatinine.Results: Twenty-five RCTs with 2,005 participants were deemed eligible. Six medications were evaluated: corticosteroids, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), tacrolimus (TAC), cyclosporine, leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Steroids (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.17–1.93), MMF (RR 2.05, 95% CI 1.15–3.65), TAC (RR 3.67, 95% CI 1.06–12.63), and HCQ (RR 3.25, 95% CI 1.05–10.09) significantly improved clinical remission rates compared to supportive care alone. Only steroids reduced the risk of ESRD (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.12–0.98); however, there were significantly more SAEs than in the control group (RR 2.90, 95% CI 1.37–6.13). No significantly different effects in serum creatinine levels were found among the therapies. MMF showed no significant improvement in remission when excluding studies with a follow-up of fewer than 2 years in the sensitivity analysis (RR 1.41, 95% CI 0.40–4.92). The effect of TAC in the decrease of proteinuria was reversed after discontinuing medication for 3 months; the long-term effects of HCQ could not be evaluated due to the short follow-up duration.Conclusion: Corticosteroids might induce remission and increase renal survival in IgAN; however, adverse reactions should be taken into consideration. MMF, TAC, and HCQ might improve the remission of proteinuria when treating IgAN, but showed no superiority compared to steroids, and the long-term effects require further study.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Assessment of the Effectiveness of a Tobacco Prevention Programme among school-aged adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Isabel Sousa ◽  
Vânia Rocha ◽  
Catarina Samorinha ◽  
José Cunha-Machado ◽  
Henedina Antunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Experimental Group

Implementing effective prevention programmes is critical to prevent tobacco use. Objectives. This study aims to assess the long-term effectiveness of the "SmokeOut-I" programme in the smoking prevention of school-aged adolescents, by gender. Methodology. A quasi-experimental study was conducted including a pre-test and a post-test, as well as a experimental group (N = 163) and a control group (N = 148) of adolescents attending the 6th grade at Braga schools in 2014/2015. A follow-up was conducted three years later. A self-report questionnaire was administered to both groups before and after the programme implementation, and at the follow-up. The programme was only administered to the experimental group. Results. The programme has shown long-term effectiveness in preventing smoking experimentation, and in enhancing smoking refusal skills. There was a lower prevalence of tobacco use and intention to smoke in the experimental group than in the control group, although not statistically significant. It was found that the experimental group maintained adequate knowledge about smoking over time. Conclusions. The positive effects on health and on the environment justify the broad implementation of this programme, which implies the involvement and commitment of governmental institutions.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of immunosuppressive agent monotherapy for IgA nephropathy: a network meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shisheng Han ◽  
Tianwen Yao ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Yanqiu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agent ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Long Term Effects

Abstract BackgroundThe efficacy and safety of immunosuppressive agent monotherapy were evaluated for Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) using a network meta-analysis approach based on randomised controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsPubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, and the Web of Science were systematically searched for RCTs published before October 2019 using immunosuppressive agents for treating IgAN. Quality assessments were performed according to the Cochrane Handbook. Pooled relative risks (RRs) or standard mean differences (SMDs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for discrete or continuous variables, respectively. The primary outcomes were clinical remission, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and serious adverse events (SAEs); the secondary outcomes were urinary protein excretion and serum creatinine. Data were synthesised by the random-effects model.ResultsTwenty-five RCTs with 2005 participants were deemed to be eligible, and six medications were evaluated: corticosteroids, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), tacrolimus (TAC), cyclosporine (CsA), leflunomide (LEF), and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Compared to supportive care alone, steroids (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.17–1.93), MMF (RR 2.05, 95% CI 1.15–3.65), TAC (RR 3.67, 95% CI 1.06–12.63), and HCQ (RR 3.25, 95% CI 1.05–10.09) each significantly improved clinical remission rates; only steroids reduced the risk of ESRD (RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.12–0.98), but the SAEs were significantly higher than those in the control group (RR 2.90, 95% CI 1.37–6.13). Furthermore, steroids, LEF, and HCQ showed lower proteinuria in the pairwise meta-analysis. There was no evidence of different effects of the therapies on serum creatinine levels. The effect of MMF, whereby it induced remission, was reversed when excluding studies with follow-up of fewer than two years in the sensitivity analysis (RR 1.41, 95% CI 0.40–4.92). The anti-proteinuric effect of TAC was reversed three months after discontinuing medication; the long-term effects of HCQ could not be evaluated due to the short follow-up.ConclusionsCorticosteroids might induce remission and increase renal survival in IgAN; however, the adverse reactions should be considered. TAC, LEF, HCQ, and MMF, might improve remission of proteinuria when treating IgAN, but showed no superiority compared to steroids, and the long-term effects require further study.

scholarly journals Long-term attitude towards follow-up colposcopy in women of reproductive age after excisional treatment for cervical dysplasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
Radmila Sparic ◽  
Dimitrios Papoutsis ◽  
Svetlana Spremovic-Radjenovic ◽  
Sasa Kadija ◽  
Zoran Bukumiric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age

Introduction/Objective. Very little is known about the factors influencing women?s attitude towards colposcopy follow-up after cervical treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate the long-term attitude to follow-up colposcopy in women of reproductive age after cervical excision and to evaluate if their attitude was related to their anxiety and depression levels. Methods. Women treated with cervical excision were interviewed after a follow-up colposcopy visit. Their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. All women filled in the Beck?s anxiety and depression inventory. Results. A total of 160 women were divided into the study group of 42 (26.3%) women who felt discomfort during follow-up colposcopy and the control group of 118 (73.7%) women who did not report such feelings. The mean age of the total sample was 35.3 ? 5.4 years with median time after treatment being five years (range: 2?18). Women in the study group had a significantly lower BMI values, had higher rates of nulliparity and nulligravidity, were more often single or living alone, and had significantly changed their attitude towards condom use after treatment. Beck?s anxiety and depression scores were significantly higher in the study group. Multivariate analysis showed that independent predictors of discomfort during follow-up colposcopy were anxiety levels (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1?1.12), living alone or without a partner (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.08?6.55), and the change in their practice of condom use after treatment (OR: 2.69; 95% CI: 1.02?7.07). Conclusion. Almost one third of women after excisional treatment reported discomfort during their follow-up colposcopy. These women exhibited higher levels of anxiety.

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