Where Children With ADHD Direct Visual Attention During Emotion Knowledge Tasks: Relationships to Accuracy, Response Time, and ADHD Symptoms

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 752-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verenea J. Serrano ◽  
Julie Sarno Owens ◽  
Brooke Hallowell
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Emotion Knowledge ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tracking Technology

Objective: Inattention may contribute to emotion recognition deficits in children with ADHD. In the current study, we compared the viewing patterns for emotion stimuli between children with and without ADHD and examined the relationship between viewing patterns, emotion knowledge accuracy, response time, and ADHD symptoms. Method: Eye-tracking technology recorded viewing patterns for emotion stimuli among 45 children (60% male; control n = 26, ADHD n = 19). Results: Overall, viewing patterns of children with and without ADHD were strikingly similar; however, small to large effect sizes (Cohen’s d = −0.73 to 0.93) across emotions suggest that, for some emotions, children with ADHD spend less time viewing relevant areas of images and take longer to respond (i.e., detect an emotion) compared with children without ADHD. Conclusion: Children with ADHD view some emotions differently from children without ADHD. The results provide an important foundation for additional work in this area.

Seeking attention: an eye tracking study of in-store merchandise displays

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Huddleston ◽  
Bridget K. Behe ◽  
Stella Minahan ◽  
R. Thomas Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tracking Technology

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the role that visual measures of attention to product and information and price display signage have on purchase intention. The authors assessed the effect of visual attention to the product, information or price sign on purchase intention, as measured by likelihood to buy. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used eye-tracking technology to collect data from Australian and US garden centre customers, who viewed eight plant displays in which the signs had been altered to show either price or supplemental information (16 images total). The authors compared the role of visual attention to price and information sign, and the role of visual attention to the product when either sign was present on likelihood to buy. Findings – Overall, providing product information on a sign without price elicited higher likelihood to buy than providing a sign with price. The authors found a positive relationship between visual attention to price on the display sign and likelihood to buy, but an inverse relationship between visual attention to information and likelihood to buy. Research limitations/implications – An understanding of the attention-capturing power of merchandise display elements, especially signs, has practical significance. The findings will assist retailers in creating more effective and efficient display signage content, for example, featuring the product information more prominently than the price. The study was conducted on a minimally packaged product, live plants, which may reduce the ability to generalize findings to other product types. Practical implications – The findings will assist retailers in creating more effective and efficient display signage content. The study used only one product category (plants) which may reduce the ability to generalize findings to other product types. Originality/value – The study is one of the first to use eye-tracking in a macro-level, holistic investigation of the attention-capturing value of display signage information and its relationship to likelihood to buy. Researchers, for the first time, now have the ability to empirically test the degree to which attention and decision-making are linked.

scholarly journals Covert Attention to Gestures Is Sufficient for Information Uptake

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Gimhani Kandana Arachchige ◽  
Wivine Blekic ◽  
Isabelle Simoes Loureiro ◽  
Laurent Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Information Extraction ◽  
Sentence Context ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Degraded Speech ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tracking Technology

Numerous studies have explored the benefit of iconic gestures in speech comprehension. However, only few studies have investigated how visual attention was allocated to these gestures in the context of clear versus degraded speech and the way information is extracted for enhancing comprehension. This study aimed to explore the effect of iconic gestures on comprehension and whether fixating the gesture is required for information extraction. Four types of gestures (i.e., semantically and syntactically incongruent iconic gestures, meaningless configurations, and congruent iconic gestures) were presented in a sentence context in three different listening conditions (i.e., clear, partly degraded or fully degraded speech). Using eye tracking technology, participants’ gaze was recorded, while they watched video clips after which they were invited to answer simple comprehension questions. Results first showed that different types of gestures differently attract attention and that the more speech was degraded, the less participants would pay attention to gestures. Furthermore, semantically incongruent gestures appeared to particularly impair comprehension although not being fixated while congruent gestures appeared to improve comprehension despite also not being fixated. These results suggest that covert attention is sufficient to convey information that will be processed by the listener.

scholarly journals Exploring Advertising Effectiveness of Tourist Hotels’ Marketing Images Containing Nature and Performing Arts: An Eye-Tracking Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsai Wang ◽  
Chia Tsai ◽  
Ta Tang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Advertising Effectiveness ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Attention Restoration ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Tracking Technology

The beautiful, natural environment in a tourist hotel’s marketing images can evoke relaxing and soothing emotions. However, can tourist hotels use nature as a servicescape to make their performing arts services more attractive? Based on attention restoration and servicescape theory, this study explores and compares the influence of tourist hotels’ performing arts images with nature- or built-based servicescapes on the advertising effectiveness (i.e., customer visual attention and behavioral intention). To analyze visual attention on the marketing images, this study uses eye-tracking technology to record customer visual trajectories. This experiment used a total of 113 participants. The sample size of the nature-based servicescape group was 59 (age with mean = 39.04), and that of the built-based servicescape group was 54 (age with mean = 40.17). A tourist hotel’s (Volando Urai Spring Spa & Resort) marketing images were chosen as stimuli. All participants were randomly assigned to the nature-based or the built-based servicescape group. In each experimental group, all the images were randomly presented to reduce any order effects of the images. By using eye-tracking analysis, the experimental findings were as follows: (1) A nature-based servicescape can arouse more visual attention of customers than a built-based servicescape can; (2) Marketing images with performing arts activities in nature-based servicescapes attract the visual attention of customers; (3) Nature-based servicescapes stimulate higher behavioral intentions of consumers than built-based servicescape.

Gaze Toward Naturalistic Social Scenes by Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Implications for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Designs

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1157-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiali Liang ◽  
Krista Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Social Content ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tracking Technology

Purpose A striking characteristic of the social communication deficits in individuals with autism is atypical patterns of eye contact during social interactions. We used eye-tracking technology to evaluate how the number of human figures depicted and the presence of sharing activity between the human figures in still photographs influenced visual attention by individuals with autism, typical development, or Down syndrome. We sought to examine visual attention to the contents of visual scene displays, a growing form of augmentative and alternative communication support. Method Eye-tracking technology recorded point-of-gaze while participants viewed 32 photographs in which either 2 or 3 human figures were depicted. Sharing activities between these human figures are either present or absent. The sampling rate was 60 Hz; that is, the technology gathered 60 samples of gaze behavior per second, per participant. Gaze behaviors, including latency to fixate and time spent fixating, were quantified. Results The overall gaze behaviors were quite similar across groups, regardless of the social content depicted. However, individuals with autism were significantly slower than the other groups in latency to first view the human figures, especially when there were 3 people depicted in the photographs (as compared with 2 people). When participants' own viewing pace was considered, individuals with autism resembled those with Down syndrome. Conclusion The current study supports the inclusion of social content with various numbers of human figures and sharing activities between human figures into visual scene displays, regardless of the population served. Study design and reporting practices in eye-tracking literature as it relates to autism and Down syndrome are discussed. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6066545

scholarly journals Visual Attention Patterns in Adults According to the Use of Things in Aided AAC VSDs: An Eye-tracking Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 718-726
Author(s):  
Jin Hui Lee ◽  
Ji Young Na ◽  
Su Hyang Lee ◽  
Bong Won Yi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Target Object ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Partial Group ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Object Usage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tracking Technology

Objectives: This study aims to investigate patterns of visual attention on a target object in VSDs (Visual Scene Displays) when they are designed with/without an action of usage of the object. We used eye-tracking technology to evaluate how the action of usage of an object in still photographs influenced the visual attention of adults without disabilities. We tried to examine visual attention on the contents of visual scene displays (VSDs).Methods: 25 college students participated in the study. Eye-tracking technology recorded point-of-gaze while participants viewed 20 photographs. Data from eye-tracking provided information on where participants were visually fixated and paid more attention on the presented VSDs including a target object.Results: Both total fixation duration and average fixation count were statistically significant. Participants visually fixated on the target object longer and more often when the object was being used in the presented VSDs. For AOI (Area Of Interest) time of the first fixation, after analyzing only a partial group that had the data match due to the difference in gaze pattern per subject, the average AOI time of the first fixation was shown to be faster when using an object in 6 out of 10 objects.Conclusion: This study supports the inclusion of an action of an object usage in VSDs suggesting that the act of object usage can partially influence the visual attention pattern of a user.

scholarly journals Students' Processing of Differently Structured Text Materials Focused on Agricultural Waste Disposal Using Eye-tracking

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
Kristýna Mudrychová ◽  
Martina Houšková Beránková ◽  
Tereza Horáková ◽  
Milan Houška ◽  
Jitka Mudrychová
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Reading Process ◽  
Structured Knowledge ◽  
Textual Form ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Tracking Technology

This study was focused on agricultural waste disposal (AWD) textual materials. Two educational texts are compared: designed texts traditionally with no purposeful design and structured knowledge texts, including the textual form of knowledge units. Eye-tracking technology is employed for retrieving the values of critical indicators specifying the way of reading the texts. We analysed users' visual attention and looking behaviour during the reading process. Thirty-three students worked with 45 pieces of educational texts accompanied by a didactic test. Statistical analyses show statistically significant differences neither in any indicator within studying the texts nor in the users' success rate in the didactic test. The users can work with the knowledge structured texts equivalently with the designed texts in the traditional way. The positive effect for AWD is that users can process knowledge structured texts with better results.

DISCUSSION OF VISUAL ATTENTION FOR SOLVING MULTIPLE CHOICE SCIENCE PROBLEM: AN EYE-TRACKING ANALYSIS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslawa Sajka ◽  
◽  
Roman Rosiek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Physics Education ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Science Problem ◽  
Scientific Expertise ◽  
Tracking Technology ◽  
Mathematics And Physics

Eye-tracking technology was used to analyze the participants’ visual attention while solving a multiple-choice science problem. The research encompassed 103 people of varying levels of knowledge, from pupils to scientists. The respondents in general devoted more time to analyze the chosen fields. However, the trend is reversed for people with high scientific expertise and criticism and with extreme motivation to solve a problem. The trend depends also on the strategies of solving a problem and conviction about the correctness of the answer. Key words: eye-tracking, mathematics and physics education, problem solving, new technology in didactics of science.

scholarly journals Back to Basic: Do Children with Autism Spontaneously Look at Screen Displaying a Face or an Object?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Guimard-Brunault ◽  
Nadia Hernandez ◽  
Laetitia Roché ◽  
Sylvie Roux ◽  
Catherine Barthélémy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Constraint Condition ◽  
Autism Group ◽  
Passive Viewing ◽  
Group Time ◽  
Static Images ◽  
The Relationship

Eye-tracking studies on exploration of faces and objects in autism provided important knowledge but only in a constraint condition (chin rest, total time looking at screen not reported), without studying potential differences between subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and controls in spontaneous visual attention toward a screen presenting these stimuli. This study used eye tracking to compare spontaneous visual attention to a screen displaying a face or an object between children with autism and controls in a nonconstraint condition and to investigate the relationship with clinical characteristics in autism group. Time exploring screen was measured during passive viewing of static images of faces or objects. Autistic behaviors were assessed by the CARS and the BSE-R in autism group. In autism group, time exploring face screen and time exploring object screen were lower than in controls and were not correlated with degree of distractibility. There was no interaction between group and type of image on time spent exploring screen. Only time exploring face screen was correlated with autism severity and gaze impairment. Results highlight particularities of spontaneous visual attention toward a screen displaying faces or objects in autism, which should be taken into account in future eye-tracking studies on face exploration.

scholarly journals Children with ADHD symptoms show deficits in reactive but not proactive inhibition, irrespective of their formal diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (15) ◽  
pp. 2515-2521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko M. van Hulst ◽  
Patrick de Zeeuw ◽  
Chantal Vlaskamp ◽  
Yvonne Rijks ◽  
Bram B. Zandbelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proactive Inhibition ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Reactive Inhibition ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundAttenuated inhibitory control is one of the most robust findings in the neuropsychology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it is unclear whether this represents a deficit in outright stopping (reactive inhibition), whether it relates to a deficit in anticipatory response slowing (proactive inhibition), or both. In addition, children with other development disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), often have symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity similar to children with ADHD. These may relate to similar underlying changes in inhibitory processing.MethodsIn this study, we used a modified stop-signal task to dissociate reactive and proactive inhibition. We included not only children with ADHD, but also children primarily diagnosed with an ASD and high parent-rated levels of ADHD symptoms.ResultsWe replicated the well-documented finding of attenuated reactive inhibition in children with ADHD. In addition, we found a similar deficit in children with ASD and a similar level of ADHD symptoms. In contrast, we found no evidence for deficits in proactive inhibition in either clinical group.ConclusionsThese findings re-emphasize the role of reactive inhibition in children with ADHD and ADHD symptoms. Moreover, our findings stress the importance of a trans-diagnostic approach to the relationship between behavior and neuropsychology.

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