The Effects of Physical Exercise on Functional Outcomes in the Treatment of ADHD: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 644-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruta Vysniauske ◽  
Lot Verburgh ◽  
Jaap Oosterlaan ◽  
Marc L. Molendijk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Objective: An increasing number of studies suggest possible beneficial effects of exercise in alleviating ADHD functional outcomes. The current study provides a quantitative meta-analysis of the available studies investigating this relationship. Method: Studies reporting on the effects of physical exercise on motor skills and executive functions in children with ADHD were identified through Cochrane, PsycInfo, PubMed, Web of Science databases. Ten publications were selected. Random-effects model was used to calculate effect sizes. Results: There was a significant effect of exercise on ADHD functional outcomes ( g = 0.627). Longer exercise intervention duration was consistently associated with larger effect sizes. Effect sizes were not related to exercise intensity, mean age of participants, or gender distribution. Conclusion: Results suggest that exercise has a modest positive impact on ADHD functional outcomes, such as executive functions and motor skills, with longer interventions yielding better results.

Astrocyte Biomarkers in Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012109
Author(s):  
Bruna Bellaver ◽  
João Pedro Ferrari-Souza ◽  
Lucas Uglione da Ros ◽  
Stephen F Carter ◽  
Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Mao B ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Mean Differences

Objective:To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether fluid and imaging astrocyte biomarkers are altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods:PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for articles reporting fluid or imaging astrocyte biomarkers in AD. Pooled effect sizes were determined with mean differences (SMD) using the Hedge’s G method with random-effects to determine biomarker performance. Adapted questions from QUADAS-2 were applied for quality assessment. A protocol for this study has been previously registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020192304).Results:The initial search identified 1,425 articles. After exclusion criteria were applied, 33 articles (a total of 3,204 individuals) measuring levels of GFAP, S100B, YKL-40 and AQP4 in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as MAO-B, indexed by positron emission tomography 11C-deuterium-L-deprenyl ([11C]-DED), were included. GFAP (SMD = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.71-1.18) and YKL-40 (SMD = 0.76; CI 95% = 0.63-0.89) levels in the CSF, S100B levels in the blood (SMD = 2.91; CI 95% = 1.01-4.8) were found significantly increased in AD patients.Conclusions:Despite significant progress, applications of astrocyte biomarkers in AD remain in their early days. The meta-analysis demonstrated that astrocyte biomarkers are consistently altered in AD and supports further investigation for their inclusion in the AD clinical research framework for observational and interventional studies.

scholarly journals Cognitive Behavioral Therapy combined with physical exercise for depression, anxiety, fatigue and pain in adults with chronic diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paquito Bernard ◽  
Romain Ahmed Jérôme ◽  
Johan Caudroit ◽  
Guillaume Chevance ◽  
Carayol Marion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Central Register

Objective. The present meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall effect of cognitive behavior therapy combined with physical exercise (CBTEx) interventions on depression, anxiety, fatigue, and pain in adults with chronic illness; to identify the potential moderators of efficacy; and to compare the efficacy of CBTEx versus each condition alone (CBT and physical exercise). Methods. Relevant randomized clinical trials, published before July 2017, were identified through database searches in Pubmed, PsycArticles, CINAHL, SportDiscus and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials.Results. A total of 30 studies were identified. CBTEx interventions yielded small-to-large effect sizes for depression (SMC = -0.34, 95% CI [-0.53; -0.14]), anxiety (SMC = -0.18, 95% CI [-0.34; -0.03]) and fatigue (SMC = -0.96, 95% CI [-1.43; -0.49]). Moderation analyses revealed that longer intervention was associated with greater effect sizes for depression and anxiety outcomes. Low methodological quality was also associated with increased CBTEx efficacy for depression. When compared directly, CBTEx interventions did not show greater efficacy than CBT alone or physical exercise alone for any of the outcomes. Conclusion. The current literature suggests that CBTEx interventions are effective for decreasing depression, anxiety, and fatigue symptoms, but not pain. However, the findings do not support an additive effect of CBT and exercise on any of the four outcomes compared to each condition alone.

scholarly journals How Much Does Education Improve Intelligence? A Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1358-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J. Ritchie ◽  
Elliot M. Tucker-Drob
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Compulsory Schooling ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Designs ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
Schooling Policy

Intelligence test scores and educational duration are positively correlated. This correlation could be interpreted in two ways: Students with greater propensity for intelligence go on to complete more education, or a longer education increases intelligence. We meta-analyzed three categories of quasiexperimental studies of educational effects on intelligence: those estimating education-intelligence associations after controlling for earlier intelligence, those using compulsory schooling policy changes as instrumental variables, and those using regression-discontinuity designs on school-entry age cutoffs. Across 142 effect sizes from 42 data sets involving over 600,000 participants, we found consistent evidence for beneficial effects of education on cognitive abilities of approximately 1 to 5 IQ points for an additional year of education. Moderator analyses indicated that the effects persisted across the life span and were present on all broad categories of cognitive ability studied. Education appears to be the most consistent, robust, and durable method yet to be identified for raising intelligence.

The effect of soya consumption on inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mahsa Rezazadegan ◽  
Fatemeh Mirjalili ◽  
Cain C. T. Clark ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Rouhani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Isi Web Of Science ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Study Heterogeneity ◽  
High Doses

Abstract Inflammation is a major cause of chronic diseases. Several studies have investigated the effects of soya intake on inflammatory biomarkers; however, the results are equivocal. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials that evaluated the effect of soya consumption on inflammatory biomarkers. Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar were systematically searched, up to and including May 2020, for clinical trials that evaluated the effects of soya and soya products on TNF-α, IL-6, IL-2, IL-1β and interferon γ (IFN-γ) in adults. A random effects method was used to calculate overall effects, and subgroup analyses were performed to discern probable sources of inter-study heterogeneity. A total of twenty-eight clinical trials were included. Although soya consumption reduced TNF-α (Hedges’ g = –0·28; 95 % CI –0·49, –0·07), it had no significant effect on IL-6 (Hedges’ g = 0·07, 95 % CI –0·14, 0·28), IL-2 (mean difference (MD) = –1·38 pg/ml; 95 % CI –3·07, 0·31), IL-1β (MD = –0·02 pg/ml; 95 % CI –0·08, 0·03) and IFN-γ (MD = 1685·82 pg/ml; 95 % CI –1604·86, 4976·50). Subgroup analysis illustrated a reduction in TNF-α in parallel designed studies, at dosages ≥100 mg of isoflavones, and in unhealthy subjects. The present study showed that high doses of isoflavones in unhealthy subjects may yield beneficial effects on TNF-α.

scholarly journals The comparative effectiveness of physical exercise interventions in individuals with chronic non-specific neck pain: protocol for a network meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e034846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rutger MJ de Zoete ◽  
James H McAuley ◽  
Nigel R Armfield ◽  
Michele Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Network Effect ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Meta Analyses

IntroductionNeck pain is a global burdensome problem, with a large proportion of neck pain cases becoming chronic. Although physical exercise is a commonly prescribed treatment, the evidence on the effectiveness of isolated exercise interventions remains limited. Traditional pairwise randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses are limited in only comparing two interventions. This protocol describes the design of a network meta-analysis, which enables a comparative investigation of all physical exercise interventions for which RCTs are available. We aim to systematically compare the effectiveness of different types of physical exercise in people with chronic non-specific neck pain.Methods and analysisNine electronic databases (AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, MEDLINE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, PsycINFO, Scopus and SPORTDiscus) were searched for RCTs from inception to 12 March 2019. Titles and abstract firstly, and full-text papers secondly, will be screened by two reviewers. Data will be extracted by two reviewers. The primary outcome measure is effectiveness of the intervention. Methodological quality of included studies will be assessed by two reviewers using the PEDro scale. The overall quality of evidence will be assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework, which has been adapted for network meta-analyses. The available evidence will be summarised using a network diagram. A contribution matrix will be presented to allow assessment of direct and indirect evidence. Forest plots will be constructed to visualise effects of all included exercise interventions. Pairwise effect sizes will be calculated by including all evidence available in the network. Effect measures for treatments that have not been compared in a pairwise RCT can be compared indirectly by contrasting effect sizes of comparisons with a common comparator.Ethics and disseminationThis work synthesises evidence from previously published studies and does not require ethics review or approval. A manuscript describing the findings will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019126523.

Fibrinolytic for treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage: A meta-analysis and systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Delaney Baker ◽  
Krissia Margarita Rivera Perla ◽  
Zhiyuan Yu ◽  
Rachel Dlugash ◽  
Radhika Avadhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Scale Score ◽  
Glasgow Outcome Scale ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Modified Rankin Scale ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Background Intraventricular hemorrhage is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Treating intraventricular hemorrhage with intraventricular fibrinolytic therapy via a catheter is becoming an increasingly utilized intervention. Aims This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the role of intraventricular fibrinolytic treatment in hypertensive intraventricular hemorrhage patients and evaluate the effect sizes for survival as well as level of function at differing time points. Summary of review PubMed, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang were searched using the terms “IVH” and “IVH and ICH” for human studies with adult patients published between January 1950 and July 2016. Seventeen publications were selected. Data analysis showed lower rates of mortality in the treatment group at 30 days ( P < 0.001), 180 days ( P = 0.001), 365 days ( P = 0.40), and overall ( P < 0.001). Pooling modified Rankin Scale and Glasgow outcome scale data, the treatment group had more good functional outcomes at 30 days ( P = 0.38), 90 days ( P = 0.04), 180 days ( P = 0.31), 365 days ( P = 0.76), and overall ( P = 0.02). Good functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 3 or a Glasgow outcome scale score of 3 to 5. Conclusions Intraventricular fibrinolytic for treatment of hypertensive intraventricular hemorrhage reduces mortality and potentially leads to an increased number of good functional outcomes. Different functional outcome scales (modified Rankin Scale or Glasgow outcome scale) produce different effect sizes. Intraventricular fibrinolytic treatment may offer intraventricular hemorrhage patients a targeted therapy that produces meaningful mortality benefit and possible functional outcome benefits.

scholarly journals The relation of attitude towards technology and mastery experience after an app-guided physical exercise intervention: a randomized crossover trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Sassenberg ◽  
Inka Roesel ◽  
Gorden Sudeck ◽  
Katharina Bernecker ◽  
Jennifer Durst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Attitudes Towards Technology ◽  
Mastery Experience ◽  
Guided Therapy

BACKGROUND Physical exercise has been found to assert a positive impact on many muscular conditions. Exercise under face-to-face supervision is the gold standard, but access to it is limited for instance for economic reasons. App-guided therapy is an intervention that is more affordable and easier accessible. However, attitude towards technology is a key predictor for media adoption and is therefore expected to shape user-experience during app-guided therapy. This might be of particular importance for mastery experience, which are crucial for promoting exercise-related self-efficacy and perceived usefulness of the interaction. Both should empower patients to continuously exercise. OBJECTIVE This study sought to test whether attitudes towards technology predict mastery experience and perceived usefulness of the interaction after an app-versus a physiotherapist-guided treatment. We expect that attitudes towards technology positively predicts both outcomes in case of the app-guided but not in case of the physiotherapist-guided treatment. METHODS Patients (N = 54) with clinically diagnosed hip osteoarthritis participated in two training sessions with the same exercise intervention, once guided by an app on a tablet computer and once guided by a physiotherapist in a German university hospital. The order of the sessions was randomized. Attitude towards technology was assessed as predictor before the first session, mastery experience and the global perceived usefulness of interaction as self-reported outcomes after each session. RESULTS In line with our hypotheses, attitude towards technology predicted mastery experience (b = .16, SE = .07, P = .02) and usefulness of interaction (b = .17, SE = .06, P = .01) after the app-based training but not after the training delivered by a physiotherapist (Ps > .3). Mastery experience was lower for the app-based training but reached a very similar level as the physiotherapist-guided training for those holding a very positive attitude towards technology. CONCLUSIONS The attitude towards technology predicts the extent of mastery experience after app-guided exercise therapy. As mastery experience are highly important for self-efficacy and future exercise behavior, attitudes towards technology should be considered when delivering app-guided exercise treatments. CLINICALTRIAL German Clinical Trial Register number: DRKS00015759

scholarly journals Is metoclopramide beneficial for the post-pyloric placement of nasoenteric tubes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Ouyang ◽  
Rong Qu ◽  
Bei Hu ◽  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Fen Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Trial Sequential Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract BackgroundMetoclopramide is frequently prescribed as an adjuvant for the post-pyloric placement of nasoenteric tubes (NETs). However, the efficacy and safety of metoclopramide remain controversial. The latest meta-analysis showed that metoclopramide was not beneficial in adults. Thus, this study aimed to reevaluate the effect of metoclopramide on the post-pyloric placement of NETs.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang data was conducted up to August 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing metoclopramide with placebo or no intervention. The effect sizes of eligible studies were pooled using the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in a random-effects model. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used for the primary outcomes (the success rate of the post-pyloric placement of NETs).ResultsSeven eligible RCTs that included 520 participants were identified. The results of the pooled effect sizes showed that metoclopramide significantly facilitated the post-pyloric placement of NETs (RR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.11–1.97; P = 0.007; I2 = 37%). However, the risk of bias assessment and the TSA results indicated that the qualities of the RCTs and the sample sizes were insufficient to confirm the efficacy of metoclopramide. Further subgroup analysis revealed that successful post-pyloric placement was more pronounced in studies in which spiral NETs were employed (RR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.41–2.43; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%). Additionally, a significant increase in the success rate was also observed for post-D1 (reaching the second portion of the duodenum or beyond), post-D2 (reaching the third portion of the duodenum or beyond), and post-D3 (reaching the fourth portion of the duodenum or beyond) placement of spiral NETs. Overall adverse events were minimal.ConclusionsThe evidence accumulated so far was not strong enough to demonstrate metoclopramide’s beneficial effects on the post-pyloric placement of NETs; however, it might be effective for spiral NETs. Further high-quality, large-sample RCTs are required to elucidate the effects of metoclopramide.Trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42019123424 (10 July 2019)

scholarly journals The Effects of Exercise on the Psycho-cognitive Function of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-56
Author(s):  
Nur Izzati Umar Zaman ◽  
Mohd Zaki Salleh ◽  
Najihah Hanisah Marmaya ◽  
Haliza Hasan ◽  
Mokhtar Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Single Bout

The benefit of exercise in inducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) functions in relation to cognition had been reported. Nevertheless, the ambiguity remains with regards to the types of exercise and the duration of exercise required for one to have beneficial effects. In this study, we aimed to analyse the effects of varying modes of exercises and the duration required to improve BDNF functions, specifically in the young adults. The types of exercises evaluated in the meta-analysis include (1) single bout of acute aerobic exercise, (2) repeated and frequent sessions of aerobic exercise (program exercise) over a course of several weeks, and (3) resistance training. Only a single bout of acute aerobic exercise (z=4.92, p=0.00001) is sufficient to cause an increase in BDNF following exercise intervention, while program exercise (z=1.02, p=0.31) and resistance training (z=0.92, p=0.36) demonstrated inconsistencies, some exhibited significant increase in BDNF levels while others exhibited similar results with the control groups.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document