Eveningness Diurnal Preference: Putting the “Sluggish” in Sluggish Cognitive Tempo

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472095969
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Lunsford-Avery ◽  
Maggie M. Sweitzer ◽  
Scott H. Kollins ◽  
John T. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Sluggish Cognitive Tempo ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Adjustment Disorders ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diurnal Preference ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Persistence Factors ◽  
Cognitive Tempo

Objective: Eveningness diurnal preference is common in psychiatric conditions, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and internalizing disorders. Little is known about how diurnal preference relates to sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT)—a distinct clinical construct associated with functional impairment—in clinical samples. Method: Adult outpatients ( n = 65; 43 with ADHD, 22 with internalizing/adjustment disorders) self-reported on SCT symptoms (total symptoms; slow/daydreamy, sleepy/sluggish, and low initiation/persistence factors) and diurnal preference. Results: Greater eveningness was associated with overall SCT severity and sleepy/sluggish symptoms in the full sample. Relationships between eveningness and overall SCT severity and slow/daydreamy symptoms were stronger for those with internalizing/adjustment disorders compared to ADHD. The relationship between eveningness and sleepy/sluggish symptoms was uniform across groups. Conclusion: Findings suggest a potential role of eveningness preference in adult SCT presentation. Future studies should investigate underlying mechanisms linking these two constructs and the efficacy of circadian interventions in the treatment of SCT among adult outpatients.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Adult Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Criminogenic Cognitions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Engelhardt ◽  
Gavin Nobes ◽  
Sophie Pischedda
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between ADHD—in particular hyperactivity—and criminal behavior is well documented. The current study investigated the role of criminogenic cognitions in the explanation of this relationship by examining which symptoms of ADHD are associated with criminogenic cognitions. Community-recruited adults (N = 192) completed self-report questionnaires for symptoms of ADHD and criminogenic cognitions. Symptoms of inattention were consistently and strongly related to criminogenic cognitions. In particular, inattention was significantly related to cutoff, cognitive indolence, and discontinuity. There was also evidence that impulsivity was positively related to criminogenic cognitions, and specifically, to the power orientation subscale. In contrast, and contrary to expectations, symptoms of hyperactivity were not related to criminogenic cognitions. These results indicate that in community-recruited adults, inattention rather than hyperactivity is related to criminogenic cognitions. We discuss the implications of these findings contrasting with those of previous studies that used forensic and clinical samples.

The relationship between theory of mind and sluggish cognitive tempo in school-age children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910452110306
Author(s):  
Doga Sevincok ◽  
Sibelnur Avcil ◽  
Mutlu M Ozbek
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Sluggish Cognitive Tempo ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Tempo

Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is considered as a cognitive-emotional style. Theory of mind (ToM) skills form the basis of human cognition and social behavior. The aim of this study is to contribute to SCT literature by examining the relationship between SCT and cognitive and affective ToM in school-age children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Fifty school-age children with ADHD (43 boys and seven girls) and 40 typically developing children (34 boys and six girls) were assessed using Parent-rated Barkley Child Attention Scale and Child Behavior Checklist/6–18, cognitive (first- and second-order ToM) and affective ToM (Reading Mind in the Eyes Test and Unexpected Outcomes Test (UOT)) tests. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the variables that may predict SCT levels in children with ADHD. Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder-inattention (Exp(B) = .334, p = .027), internalization (Exp(B) = .305, p = .006), and UOT scores (Exp(B) = .933, p = .015) significantly predicted SCT severity in children with ADHD. SCT severity was significantly associated with impaired cognitive ToM skills as measured by second-order ToM (Exp(B) = 1.933, p = .045). Our findings may indicate that affective ToM developing with age, and impaired cognitive ToM skills are associated with increasing SCT severity.

scholarly journals Role of interleukins in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Xin She ◽  
Qing Yang Yu ◽  
Xiao Xiao Tang
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Cells ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractInterleukins, a group of cytokines participating in inflammation and immune response, are proved to be involved in the formation and development of pulmonary fibrosis. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between interleukins and pulmonary fibrosis from the clinical, animal, as well as cellular levels, and discussed the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Despite the effects of interleukin-targeted treatment on experimental pulmonary fibrosis, clinical applications are lacking and unsatisfactory. We conclude that intervening in one type of interleukins with similar functions in IPF may not be enough to stop the development of fibrosis as it involves a complex network of regulation mechanisms. Intervening interleukins combined with other existing therapy or targeting interleukins affecting multiple cells/with different functions at the same time may be one of the future directions. Furthermore, the intervention time is critical as some interleukins play different roles at different stages. Further elucidation on these aspects would provide new perspectives on both the pathogenesis mechanism, as well as the therapeutic strategy and drug development.

Mother Phubbing and Adolescent Cyberbullying: The Mediating Role of Perceived Mother Acceptance and the Moderating Role of Emotional Stability

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052098390
Author(s):  
Jiahui Qu ◽  
Li Lei ◽  
Xingchao Wang ◽  
Xiaochun Xie ◽  
Pengcheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Indirect Path ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Previous studies have found some risk factors of cyberbullying. However, little is known about how mother phubbing may influence adolescent cyberbullying, and the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship. “Phubbing,” which is a portmanteau of “phone” and “subbing,” refers to snubbing other people and focus on smartphones in social interactions. This study examined whether mother phubbing, which refers to being phubbed by one’s mother, would be positively related to adolescent cyberbullying, whether perceived mother acceptance would mediate the relationship between mother phubbing and adolescent cyberbullying, and whether emotional stability would moderate the pathways between mother phubbing and adolescent cyberbullying. The sample consisted of 4,213 Chinese senior high school students (mean age 16.41 years, SD = 0.77, 53% were female). Participants completed measurements regarding mother phubbing, cyberbullying, perceived mother acceptance, and emotional stability. The results indicated that mother phubbing was positively related to cyberbullying, which was mediated by perceived mother acceptance. Further, moderated mediation analyses showed that emotional stability moderated the direct path between mother phubbing and cyberbullying and the indirect path between mother phubbing and perceived mother acceptance. This study highlighted the harmful impact of mother phubbing on adolescents by showing a positive association between mother phubbing and adolescent cyberbullying, as well as the underlying mechanisms between mother phubbing and adolescent cyberbullying.

scholarly journals DRD4 genotyping may differentiate symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sluggish cognitive tempo

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 630-637
Author(s):  
Hilmi Bolat ◽  
Eyüp S. Ercan ◽  
Gül Ünsel-Bolat ◽  
Akin Tahillioğlu ◽  
Kemal U. Yazici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Sluggish Cognitive Tempo ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Tempo

scholarly journals Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Consumers’ Impulse Buying: The Moderating Role of Moderate Thinking

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11116
Author(s):  
Shuyang Wang ◽  
Yun Liu ◽  
Yingying Du ◽  
Xingyuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Impulse Buying ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Event Systems ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Based on event systems theory, this study examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumers’ impulse buying, as well as the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions from the perspective of individual consumers. Results of three experiments (N = 437) show that, first, the COVID-19 pandemic enhanced consumers’ impulse buying behavior. Second, two key elements, loss of control and anxiety, mediated the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and impulse buying; and third, moderate thinking (also known as Zhong-Yong thinking) moderated the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and impulse buying. The findings indicate that in consumers with low moderate thinking, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a stronger effect on impulse buying and has mediated more between the loss of control and anxiety. Conversely, in consumers with high moderate thinking, COVID-19 has had a weaker effect on impulse buying and has mediated less between loss of control and anxiety. This study extends the application of event systems theory and enriches the literature on how the COVID-19 pandemic affects consumer behavior. Furthermore, it provides strategic recommendations for government and consumer responses to COVID-19 pandemic shocks.

scholarly journals Emerging Roles of Exosomes in T1DM

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haipeng Pang ◽  
Shuoming Luo ◽  
Yang Xiao ◽  
Ying Xia ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Elevated Blood Glucose Level ◽  
The Status ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a complex autoimmune disorder that mainly affects children and adolescents. The elevated blood glucose level of patients with T1DM results from absolute insulin deficiency and leads to hyperglycemia and the development of life-threatening diabetic complications. Although great efforts have been made to elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease, the precise underlying mechanisms are still obscure. Emerging evidence indicates that small extracellular vesicles, namely, exosomes, take part in intercellular communication and regulate interorgan crosstalk. More importantly, many findings suggest that exosomes and their cargo are associated with the development of T1DM. Therefore, a deeper understanding of exosomes is beneficial for further elucidating the pathogenic process of T1DM. Exosomes are promising biomarkers for evaluating the risk of developingty T1DM, monitoring the disease state and predicting related complications because their number and composition can reflect the status of their parent cells. Additionally, since exosomes are natural carriers of functional proteins, RNA and DNA, they can be used as therapeutic tools to deliver these molecules and drugs. In this review, we briefly introduce the current understanding of exosomes. Next, we focus on the relationship between exosomes and T1DM from three perspectives, i.e., the pathogenic role of exosomes in T1DM, exosomes as novel biomarkers of T1DM and exosomes as therapeutic tools for T1DM.

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