Implementing Congestion Tolls on Currently Free Highways With Public–Private Partnerships: What Are the Financial and Economic Benefits?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-364
Author(s):  
Patrick DeCorla-Souza
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Interstate Highway ◽  
Transit Service ◽  
Metro Area ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Urban Freeway ◽  
Congestion Tolls

A trillion dollars in Interstate highway improvement and modernization work has been deferred due to lack of funding. More than half of Interstate and other freeway and expressway lane miles are classified as urban. Therefore, one approach that could be considered to generate needed revenue for freeway improvements in urban areas is implementing congestion-based tolls on freeways during peak periods when they are congested. Such an approach has been implemented in the Washington, DC metro area, on the I-66 freeway inside the Capital Beltway in Northern Virginia. This article demonstrates how an analyst may estimate the financial and economic benefits of a concept involving imposition of congestion-based tolls on the entire urban freeway network, during peak periods only, in conjunction with transit service improvements using automated transit vehicles. Furthermore, the article evaluates potential benefits from using a public–private partnership for implementation of the concept.

Residential Land Values in the Washington, DC Metro Area: New Insights from Big Data

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris A. Davis ◽  
Stephen D. Oliner ◽  
Edward Pinto ◽  
Sankar Bokka
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Residential Land ◽  
Metro Area

scholarly journals Configuration Study of Electric Helicopters for Urban Air Mobility

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Julia A. Cole ◽  
Lauren Rajauski ◽  
Andrew Loughran ◽  
Alexander Karpowicz ◽  
Stefanie Salinger
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Main Rotor ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Compound Helicopter ◽  
Configuration Changes

There is currently interest in the design of small electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft to alleviate ground traffic and congestion in major urban areas. To support progress in this area, a conceptual design method for single-main-rotor and lift-augmented compound electric helicopters has been developed. The design method was used to investigate the feasible design space for electric helicopters based on varying mission profiles and technology assumptions. Within the feasible design space, it was found that a crossover boundary exists as a function of cruise distance and hover time where the most efficient configuration changes from a single-main-rotor helicopter to a lift-augmented compound helicopter. In general, for longer cruise distances and shorter hover times, the lift-augmented compound helicopter is the more efficient configuration. An additional study was conducted to investigate the potential benefits of decoupling the main rotor from the tail rotor. This study showed that decoupling the main rotor and tail rotor has the potential to reduce the total mission energy required in all cases, allowing for increases in mission distances and hover times on the order of 5% for a given battery size.

scholarly journals Public Private Partnership (PPP) in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Mahirah Rafie
Keyword(s):  
Future Study ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
New Method ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Implementation Project ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Government

Public Private Partnership (PPP) is not a new method of development in a country. In Malaysia, concept of PPP had been used almost four decades after Malaysian Incorporated Policy had been introduced by the government. The objectives of this present study is to scrutinize defining the concept of PPP, the evolution of implementation PPP, and also characteristic and criteria of PPP based on Public Private Partnership Guidelines. This paper also examines the potential benefits of PPP implementation in Malaysia based on the previous study. Last but not least, issues and recommendation for future study has been suggested to enhance PPP implementation project.

scholarly journals MACROECONOMIC ASPECTS OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

TEME ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Đorđević ◽  
Biljana Rakić
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Macroeconomic Impacts ◽  
Financing Infrastructure ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Public-private partnership (PPP) has been getting momentum in market economies since the 1990s. Originally, it was created as a way of financing infrastructure projects, but its application since then has covered areas such as education, healthcare, high technology and many others. As the bulk of research in the domain of PPP is on the microeconomic impact and the analysis of the success of concrete PPP projects, the aim of this paper is to integrate these findings into a broader framework depicting macroeconomic aspects of public-private partnership. The existing literature, although not as extensive, points to several aspects that may affect economic development on the local, regional, and national levels, with greater adoption of PPP projects and their implementation. The paper introduces explanations for the elements of risk sharing between public and private partners, economic benefits, and costs in PPP, as well as the specific PPP channels of influence on the national economy and the PPP system dynamic model. One of the objectives is the analysis of the existing concept for estimating macroeconomic impacts of PPP, which could be used for evaluating its potential contribution to the growth and development of the national economy. 

scholarly journals Green Spaces in Residential Areas of Dar es Salaam City: Types, Coverage and Uses

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Nicholaus Mwageni ◽  
Robert Kiunsi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Building Density ◽  
Dar Es Salaam City ◽  
The City

Green spaces in urban areas including in Dar es Salaam City provide multiple ecological, social and economic benefits. Despite their benefits they are inadequately documented in terms types, coverage and uses. This paper attempts to provide information on types, coverage and uses of green space in Dar es Salaam City. A number of methods including literature review, interpretation of remotely sensed image, interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires were used to document city greenery. The research findings show that residential greenery is made up of greenery found within and external to plots. The dominant green spaces external to residential plots were natural and semi natural vegetation while within plots were woody plants, plots farms vegetable and ornamental gardens. Distribution of greenery varied among the wards due to differences in building density and distance from the city centre. Natural and semi natural vegetation increased with decrease of building density and increase of distance from the city centre, while the number of plots with trees for shade increased with increase of building density. Only Kawe ward that had greenery above Tanzania space planning standards, the other three wards which are informal settlements had green space deficit. Three quarters of the households use green spaces for shade provision and cooling, two thirds as a source of food products and a quarter for recreation and aesthetic purposes. The study reveals that Dar es Salaam City residents invest predominantly on shade trees in their residential plots compared to other green space types.

scholarly journals GMOs and Economic Development in Peru: A Myth or an Opportunity?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Diego Baxerias ◽  
Carol Banda
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Potential Benefits

Peru has a 10-year ban on genetically modified (GM) crops and food that was approved by the Peruvian congress in 2011. Is it scientifically justified or is it a cause and effect fallacy that will make Peru fall behind in taking advantage of this technology and its potential benefits to everyone else in the economy? In order to answer this question, a literature review was carried out to examine the three most commonly used arguments against genetically modified organisms (GMOs) by farmers and all those related to the agriculture industry, reaching the conclusion that they are not one hundred percent plausible. Further research showed the multiple, potential economic benefits that GM seeds could bring about to Peru, which are related to increased labor productivity, the development of human capital, and the expansion of renewable energy sources and its implications for trade and employment – the environmental and health benefits of GMO varieties are also discussed. This paper elaborates on such matters by applying different macro and microeconomic concepts, i.e., market structures and competition, the theory of the firm, and scarcity, among others; and provides insights about the different socio-economic realities present in Peru and possible ways to improve them.

Graft is good: the economic and environmental benefits of grafted naranjilla in the Andean region

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Clements ◽  
Jeffrey Alwang ◽  
Victor Barrera ◽  
Juan Manuel Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Outreach Program ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Economic Surplus ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Resistant Rootstock ◽  
Market Benefits

AbstractNaranjilla cultivation is highly profitable in many parts of the Andean foothills in Colombia and Ecuador. Its susceptibility to soil-borne diseases, however, lowers its economic benefits, reduces sustainability of production and increases its contribution to environmental degradation. This paper presents an analysis of the potential market and non-market benefits of research that developed and tested the grafting of common naranjilla onto disease-resistant rootstock. Grafting reduces the need for pesticide application and increases the longevity and sustainability of the plant. An economic surplus approach, carefully calibrated to reflect the realities of naranjilla production, was employed to show the large benefits from such research. Environmental and health benefits are very close in magnitude to market-mediated surplus gains. The results show substantial potential benefits from an outreach program to diffuse the new technology.

AGGLOMERATION TAXES IN THE INDIAN STATES DUE TO WIDER ECONOMIC BENEFITS: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
SALONI BHUTANI ◽  
ALOK KUMAR MISHRA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Tax Bases

This paper carries out an empirical study to examine the contribution of urban areas in generating tax revenue and growth at 28 Indian state levels. The study is based on the hypothesis that the productivity and agglomeration externality effects present in cities, known as “wider economic benefits”, lead to enhanced tax bases of State Governments. The cross-sectional estimation has confirmed that urbanization and state gross domestic product per capita significantly contribute to the tax bases of State Governments, such as sales tax, stamps, registration duty and motor vehicle tax. These three agglomeration taxes (including goods and services tax) are recommended for sharing with urban local bodies.

Assessing Urban Ecosystem Services

2018 ◽  
pp. 183-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marise Barreiros Horta ◽  
Maria Inês Cabral ◽  
Iva Pires ◽  
Laura Salles Bachi ◽  
Ana Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Economic Perspectives

By integrating social, ecological, and economic perspectives, the assessment of ecosystem services (ES) provides valuable information for better targeting landscape planning and governance. This chapter summarizes different participatory approaches for assessing ES in urban areas of three countries. In Belo Horizonte (Brazil), a conceptual framework for the vacant lots ES assessment is presented as an attempt to integrate landscape, social, and political dimensions. In Leipzig (Germany), a combination of site surveys, interviews, and remote sensing provides a valuable data set that fostered a comparative study between two forms of urban gardening. In Lisbon (Portugal), the study is based on interviews that offer a social insight into the horticultural parks situation, which in turn demands a better dialogue with the municipality. In general, the studies demonstrate the potential benefits of utilizing the ES assessment approaches on urban landscapes, especially for better understanding the interactions between people and nature in urban sites.

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