Marketisation and Privatisation in Criminal Justice

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Incentive Structures ◽  
Responsibility Of Government ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Impact

Criminal justice used to be thought of as a field autonomous from politics and the economy, with the management of crime and punishment being seen as essentially the responsibility of government. However, in recent decades, policies have been adopted which blur the institutional boundaries and functions of the public sector with those of for-profit and civil society interests in many parts of the penal/welfare complex. The impact of these developments on society is contested: Proponents of the ‘neo-liberal penality thesis’ argue economic deregulation, welfare retrenchment, individualised choices – and associated responsibility – may be aligned by market forces into efficient delivery of ‘law and order’. Set against the neo-liberal penal position are arguments that the corporate sector may be no more efficient in delivering criminal justice services than is the public sector, and reliance on the profit motive to deliver criminal justice may lead to perverse incentivisation of NGOs or state agencies. It is to this debate we add our contribution. Criminal justice is an ideal sector in which to consider the implications arising from the differing incentive structures held by different institutions, both private and public, citizens, governments, social enterprise and the corporate sector. All agree on the need for criminal justice, even as they compete in the policy sphere to dictate its form and delivery.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis control activities in the private and public health sectors of Kenya from 2013 to 2017: how do they compare?

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 740-748
Author(s):  
Eunice W Mailu ◽  
Philip Owiti ◽  
Serge Ade ◽  
Anthony D Harries ◽  
Marcel Manzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Private And Public

Abstract Background Large numbers of tuberculosis (TB) patients seek care from private for-profit providers. This study aimed to assess and compare TB control activities in the private for-profit and public sectors in Kenya between 2013 and 2017. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using routinely collected data from the National Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Lung Disease Program. Results Of 421 409 patients registered and treated between 2013 and 2017, 86 894 (21%) were from the private sector. Data collection was less complete in the private sector for nutritional assessment and follow-up sputum smear examinations (p<0.001). The private sector notified less bacteriologically confirmed TB (43.1% vs 52.6%; p<0.001) and had less malnutrition (body mass index <18.5 kg/m2; 36.4% vs 43.3%; p<0.001) than the public sector. Rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and antiretroviral therapy initiation were >95% and >90%, respectively, in both sectors, but more patients were HIV positive in the private sector (39.6% vs 31.6%; p<0.001). For bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB, cure rates were lower in the private sector, especially for HIV-negative patients (p<0.001). The private sector had an overall treatment success of 86.3% as compared with the public sector at 85.7% (p<0.001). Conclusions The private sector is performing well in Kenya although there are programmatic challenges that need to be addressed.

A Theory of Intergovernmental Grants and their Effect on Aggregate Grantor-Recipient Spending

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Schwallie
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Intergovernmental Grants ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Empirical Investigations

The impact of intergovernmental grants on the expenditures of recipients has been the focus of considerable investigation, while their impact on the relative sizes of the public and private sectors has been given little more than brief discussion. No well-defined structure has emerged to explain how a system of intergovernmental grants might affect public sector size. This article is a first attempt at such a structure. It investigates the impact of intergovernmental grants by comparing public sector size in the presence of conditional lump-sum grants to public sector size in their absence for given grantor and recipient preferences on the allocation of financial resources between the private and public sectors. Implications are drawn from the model and comments are made pertaining to the empirical investigations of grant effects on recipient governments spending.

The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Workplace Behaviour: A Study of Bank Employees

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simarjeet Makkar ◽  
Sriparna Basu
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Banks ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Bank Employees ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of emotional intelligence (EI) on the workplace behaviour of the employees in the Indian banking sector. Banking industry was chosen for this research owing to the dynamic nature of this sector propelling a heightened need for compatibility and resilience of employees. The purpose of the study was twofold: (a) to examine if there is a significant impact of EI on workplace behaviour of the employees in both private and public sector banks; and (b) to determine if the impact is more in one sector than the other. Goleman’s EI framework (1995) and Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI) was used for data collection. Six banks were selected for this study: three from the public sector and three from the private sector as sample covering Mumbai. The findings of the study revealed that there is a strong relationship between EI and workplace behaviour of employees in the banking sector and there is also a difference of the impact of EI on workplace behaviour of the employees in private and public sector banks. The analysis derives meaningful implications for managerial policy in banks as well as for future research.

scholarly journals The impact of performance analysis on the financial management and control at public universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
Fuad Čergić ◽  
Emira Kozarević
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Performance Models ◽  
The Balanced Scorecard ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Organizations in today’s extremely competitive environment need to devote significant time, energy as well as human and financial resources to the measurement of their efficiency, in order to increase their profit, reduce costs, better plan their assets and manage their budgets, as well as to improve budget controls and risk assessment. Therefore, they need performance models, including the Balanced Scorecard. Primarily intended for profit organizations, the Balanced Scorecard is today used in the public sector, as well. This paper presents the research into the utilization of the Balanced Scorecard in the public sector, examining whether the performance of higher education institutions may be improved by the design and utilization of the Balanced Scorecard model.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of marital obligation of child care of woman working in the private and public sector in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 451-458
Author(s):  
Chinedu Nwokorie ◽  
Anyaoha Okechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Married Women ◽  
T Test ◽  
Work Place ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Impact

This is a comparative study of work-family conflict in the private and public sector of Nigeria. It comparatively analyzed the impact of long hours working mothers spend at work on child care obligation. The study adopted a survey and descriptive research design. The target population consisted of 524 married women selected from United Bank for Africa (UBA), Nigerian Brewery, Ministry of Commerce and Industry and Ministry of Labour and productivity representing the private and public sectors. A hypothesis was formulated to guide the study. Open-ended and close- ended questionnaire and interview were used for data collection. The Cronbach Alpha test was used to test for the internal consistency, and the reliability index of the instrument. The data gather was analyzed using chi-square and independent t test. The findings revealed that the independent sample t-test analysis of the differences between the hours women spend at work and the marital obligation of childcare based of both sectors showed that women working in the private sector (M = 2.54, SD = 0.64) spend significantly more time at work than those in the public sector [M = 1.87, SD = 0.48; t(522) = 13.32, p < 0.05]. Also, the result shows that women working in the private sector (M = 23.06, SD = 10.96) scored significantly higher in variation in terms of time spent at work as well as scoring lower in child care obligation than their counterparts working in the public sector [M = 27.98, SD = 8.08; t(522) = -5.74, p < 0.05. The study recommended that government should prosecute private sector organizations that fail to inculcate and implement family flexibilities that will enable married women to cushion the effect of work-home conflict. Family flexibility that allows married women spend less time at work place or to work from home should be encouraged in the private sector, and maternity leave allowance for nursing mothers should be extended to 5-6 months from the usual three months.

scholarly journals Long-term effectiveness of elderly health care voucher scheme strategies: a system dynamics simulation analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Chun Chong ◽  
Hong Fung ◽  
Carrie Ho Kwan Yam ◽  
Patsy Yuen Kwan Chau ◽  
Tsz Yu Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The elderly healthcare voucher (EHCV) scheme is expected to lead to an increase in the number of elderly people selecting private primary healthcare services and reduce reliance on the public sector in Hong Kong. However, studies thus far have reported that this scheme has not received satisfactory responses. In this study, we examined changes in the ratio of visits between public and private doctors in primary care (to measure reliance on the public sector) for different strategic scenarios in the EHCV scheme. Methods Based on comments from an expert panel, a system dynamics model was formulated to simulate the impact of various enhanced strategies in the scheme: increasing voucher amounts, lowering the age eligibility, and designating vouchers for chronic conditions follow-up. Data and statistics for the model calibration were collected from various sources. Results The simulation results show that the current EHCV scheme is unable to reduce the utilization of public healthcare services, as well as the ratio of visits between public and private primary care among the local aging population. When comparing three different tested scenarios, even if the increase in the annual voucher amount could be maintained at the current pace or the age eligibility can be lowered to include those aged 60 years, the impact on shifts from public-to-private utilization were insignificant. The public-to-private ratio could only be marginally reduced from 0.74 to 0.64 in the first several years. Nevertheless, introducing a chronic disease-oriented voucher could result in a significant drop of 0.50 in the public-to-private ratio during the early implementation phase. However, the effect could not be maintained for an extended period. Conclusions Our findings will assist officials in improving the design of the EHCV scheme, within the wider context of promoting primary care among the elderly. We suggest that an additional chronic disease-oriented voucher can serve as an alternative strategy. The scheme must be redesigned to address more specific objectives or provide a separate voucher that promotes under-utilized healthcare services (e.g., preventive care), instead of services designed for unspecified reasons, which may lead to concerns regarding exploitation.

Public Sector Employment, Quality of Government, and Well-Being: A Global Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 223386592110117
Author(s):  
Robert Davidson ◽  
Alexander Pacek ◽  
Benjamin Radcliff
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Employment Quality ◽  
The Impact

While a growing literature within the study of subjective well-being demonstrates the impact of socio-political factors on subjective well-being, scholars have conspicuously failed to consider the role of the size and scope of government as determinants of well-being. Where such studies exist, the focus is largely on the advanced industrial democracies of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. In this study, we examine the size of the public sector as a determinant of cross-national variation in life satisfaction across a worldwide sample. Our findings strongly suggest that as the public sector grows, subjective well-being increases as well, conditional on the extent of quality of government. Using cross-sectional data on 84 countries, we show this relationship has an independent and separable impact from other economic and political factors.

Up the Garden Path? Enterprise Bargaining and Decentralization in the NSW Public Sector

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
New South ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Green Paper ◽  
Garden Path ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
The Public ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Impact

Decentralizing industrial relations within New South Wales is a central recom mendation of the Niland Green Paper (1989). Decentralism also represents the cornerstone of the New South Wales government's industrial relations reform agenda enshrined in the New South Wales Industrial Relations Act 1991. To date there has been little analysis of the impact o f this legislative change on industrial relations in the New South Wales public sector. This paper provides a case study that examines the degree to which responsibility for bargaining has been devolved within the Parks and Gardens of the New South Wales Ministry for the Environ ment. It argues that, in contrast to the rhetoric of the New South Wales Act, the central agency presiding over the introduction of enterprise bargaining in the public sector, the Public Employment and Industrial Relations Authority; has been reluctant to delegate responsibility to parties in the workplace.

COVID’s Effect on India’s Health Services: A Commentary

Social Change ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-492
Author(s):  
Imrana Qadeer
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Authority ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

Using a comprehensive framework (the state’s will to deliver, its institutional strength and its legitimacy), this article assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public sector healthcare services in India. The power to deliver was explicit when the interventions were harsh, increasing the burden of death and disease on health services. But when it came to healthcare by the public sector we find a worsening of achievements of non-COVID ailments during the pandemic and an inability to tackle the second wave due to gaps in the nation's infrastructure, a centralised control undermining state authority; and visible results of a flawed policy that pushed further the agenda of making healthcare a profitable business.

Research from China finds no significant difference in impact of public service motivation (PSM) in public and private sectors

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The authors assumed PSM would be higher in the public sector, but they set up a trial to find out if this was the case. Design/methodology/approach To test their theories, the authors conducted two independent surveys. The first consisted of 220 usable responses from public sector employees in Changsha, China. The second survey involved 260 usable responses from private sector employees taking an MBA course at a university in the Changsha district. A questionnaire was used to assess attitudes. Findings The results found no significant difference between the impact of public sector motivation (PSM) on employee performance across the public and private sectors. The data showed that PSM had a significant impact on self-reported employee performance, but the relationship did not differ much between sectors. Meanwhile, it was in the private sector that PSM had the greatest impact on intention to leave. Originality/value The authors said the research project was one of the first to test if the concept of PSM operated in the same way across sectors. It also contributed, they said, to the ongoing debate about PSM in China.

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