Temporal Brokering: A Measure of Brokerage as a Behavioral Process

2021 ◽  
pp. 109442812110029
Author(s):  
Eric Quintane ◽  
Martin Wood ◽  
John Dunn ◽  
Lucia Falzon
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Organizational Networks ◽  
Message Boards ◽  
Behavioral Process ◽  
Systematic Examination ◽  
The Way

Extant research in organizational networks has provided critical insights into understanding the benefits of occupying a brokerage position. More recently, researchers have moved beyond the brokerage position to consider the brokering processes (arbitration and collaboration) brokers engage in and their implications for performance. However, brokering processes are typically measured using scales that reflect individuals’ orientation toward engaging in a behavior, rather than the behavior itself. In this article, we propose a measure that captures the behavioral process of brokering. The measure indicates the extent to which actors engage in arbitration versus collaboration based on sequences of time stamped relational events, such as emails, message boards, and recordings of meetings. We demonstrate the validity of our measure as well as its predictive ability. By leveraging the temporal information inherent in sequences of relational events, our behavioral measure of brokering creates opportunities for researchers to explore the dynamics of brokerage and their impact on individuals, and also paves the way for a systematic examination of the temporal dynamics of networks.

scholarly journals “Des personnages de si près tenus”, TV Fiction and Moral Consensus

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-21
Author(s):  
Sabine Chalvon-Demersay
Keyword(s):  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Production Team ◽  
Moral Question ◽  
Moral Landscape ◽  
Unexpected Findings ◽  
Literary Classics ◽  
The Way

How can we understand the adaptations of literary classics made for French television? We simultaneously analyzed the works and the context in which they were produced in order to relate the moral configurations that emerge in the stories to activities carried out by identifiable members of the production team, in specific, empirically observable circumstances. This empirical approach to the constitution of the moral panorama in which characters evolve rejects the idea of the pure autonomy of ideological contents, suggesting instead a study of the way normative demands and professional ethics are combined in practice, thus combining a sociology of characters and a sociology of professionals and showing how professional priorities influence production choices. This detaches the moral question from the philosophical horizon it is associated with in order to make it an object of empirial study. Adopting this perspective produces unexpected findings. Observation shows that the moral landscape in which characters are located is neither stable, autonomous, transparent, or consensual. It is instead caught up in material logics, constrained by temporal dynamics, and dependent on professional coordination. It is traversed by tensions between professional logics, and logics of regulation.

Little White Lies

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron T. Seaman ◽  
Anne M. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Systematic Examination ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Linear Elements ◽  
The Way ◽  
Research Studies

This metasynthesis surveyed extant literature on deception in the context of dementia and, based on specific inclusion criteria, included 14 articles from 12 research studies. By doing so, the authors accomplished three goals: (a) provided a systematic examination of the literature-to-date on deception in the context of dementia, (b) elucidated the assumptions that have guided this line of inquiry and articulated the way those shape the research findings, and (c) determined directions for future research. In particular, synthesizing across studies allowed the authors to develop a dynamic model comprised of three temporally linear elements—(a) motives, (b) modes, and (c) outcomes that describe how deception emerges communicatively through interaction in the context of dementia.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal information in an artificial olfactory mucosa

2008 ◽  
Vol 464 (2092) ◽  
pp. 1057-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel A Sánchez-Montañés ◽  
Julian W Gardner ◽  
Timothy C Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Information Measure ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Deploying chemosensor arrays in close proximity to stationary phases imposes stimulus-dependent spatio-temporal dynamics on their response and leads to improvements in complex odour discrimination. These spatio-temporal dynamics need to be taken into account explicitly when considering the detection performance of this new odour sensing technology, termed an artificial olfactory mucosa. For this purpose, we develop here a new measure of spatio-temporal information that combined with an analytical model of the artificial mucosa, chemosensor and noise dynamics completely characterizes the discrimination capability of the system. This spatio-temporal information measure allows us to quantify the contribution of both space and time to discrimination performance and may be used as part of optimization studies or calculated directly from an artificial mucosa output. Our formal analysis shows that exploiting both space and time in the mucosa response always outperforms the use of space alone and is further demonstrated by comparing the spatial versus spatio-temporal information content of mucosa experimental data. Together, the combination of the spatio-temporal information measure and the analytical model can be applied to extract the general principles of the artificial mucosa design as well as to optimize the physical and operating parameters that determine discrimination performance.

scholarly journals Du retrait à la reconquête : pratiquer la ville après un épisode psychotique

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
Zoé Codeluppi
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Large Array ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

Abstract. The article aims to provide a better understanding of the urban practices of young people living with a diagnosis of psychosis while recovering. I show the way practices are adjusted according to the temporal dynamics of psychosis. I argue that the continuous variability of symptoms over the recovery period implies alternately practices of withdrawal and reconquest of the urban space. I first outline participants' reconquest of urban spaces, which starts in well-known places and then extends to less familiar ones. In doing so, I point out the diversity of urban spaces inhabited by participants during the recovery process which includes institutional, private, as well as public places. I then outline the various material, relational and sensory resources available in these spaces. I show how participants use them according to the temporal dynamics. I finally highlight the way participants are gradually getting involved in the relationship with a large array of resources as the intensity of symptoms is reducing. My analysis is based on a three months ethnography in a therapeutic institution in Lausanne.

It's special the way you say it: An ERP investigation on the temporal dynamics of two types of prosody

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1609-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Paulmann ◽  
Sarah Jessen ◽  
Sonja A. Kotz
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
The Way

scholarly journals Drug addiction: from bench to bedside

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Cheron ◽  
Alban de Kerchove d’Exaerde
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
General Public ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Sustained Effects ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Way

AbstractDrug addiction is responsible for millions of deaths per year around the world. Still, its management as a chronic disease is shadowed by misconceptions from the general public. Indeed, drug consumers are often labelled as “weak”, “immoral” or “depraved”. Consequently, drug addiction is often perceived as an individual problem and not societal. In technical terms, drug addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsing disease resulting from sustained effects of drugs on the brain. Through a better characterisation of the cerebral circuits involved, and the long-term modifications of the brain induced by addictive drugs administrations, first, we might be able to change the way the general public see the patient who is suffering from drug addiction, and second, we might be able to find new treatments to normalise the altered brain homeostasis. In this review, we synthetise the contribution of fundamental research to the understanding drug addiction and its contribution to potential novel therapeutics. Mostly based on drug-induced modifications of synaptic plasticity and epigenetic mechanisms (and their behavioural correlates) and after demonstration of their reversibility, we tried to highlight promising therapeutics. We also underline the specific temporal dynamics and psychosocial aspects of this complex psychiatric disease adding parameters to be considered in clinical trials and paving the way to test new therapeutic venues.

scholarly journals Saccade countermanding reflects automatic inhibition as well as top-down cognitive control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Bompas ◽  
Anne Eileen Campbell ◽  
Petroc Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Oculomotor Behavior ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Signal Features ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
Stop Signal Reaction Time

AbstractCountermanding behavior has long been seen as a cornerstone of executive control – the human ability to selectively inhibit undesirable responses and change plans. In recent years, however, scattered evidence has emerged that stopping behavior is entangled with simpler automatic stimulus-response mechanisms. Here we give flesh to this idea by merging the latest conceptualization of saccadic countermanding with a versatile neural network model of visuo-oculomotor behavior that integrates bottom-up and top-down drives. This model accounts for all fundamental qualitative and quantitative features of saccadic countermanding, including neuronal activity. Importantly, it does so by using the same architecture and parameters as basic visually guided behavior and automatic stimulus-driven interference. Using simulations and new data, we compare the temporal dynamics of saccade countermanding with that of saccadic inhibition (SI), a hallmark effect thought to reflect automatic competition within saccade planning areas. We demonstrate how SI accounts for a large proportion of the saccade countermanding process when using visual signals. We conclude that top-down inhibition acts later, piggy-backing on the quicker automatic inhibition. This conceptualization fully accounts for the known effects of signal features and response modalities traditionally used across the countermanding literature. Moreover, it casts different light on the concept of top-down inhibition, its timing and neural underpinning, as well as the interpretation of stop-signal reaction time, the main behavioral measure in the countermanding literature.

Feeling Down(town Julie Brown): The Sense of Up and Expiring Relationality

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hentyle Yapp
Keyword(s):  
Object Relations ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do The Right Thing ◽  
The Way

During the late 1980s and 1990s, the presence of women of color dancing on film and television greatly increased: Rosie Perez in Do the Right Thing, the Fly Girls from In Living Color, and Downtown Julie Brown hosting Club MTV. These figures were highly energetic and up, marking a positivity that can be distinguished from the depressed affects that have been centralized for the 21st century. This article historicizes the sense of up to rethink the terms available for not only the affective turn but also relationality. The latter draws from the former to contend with how different communities relate to one another through shared sensations, precarity, or commons. The author examines the temporal dynamics embedded in sense and affect to analyze the theoretical bases (from Kleinian object relations to Deleuzian intensities) that produce the relational. In doing so, the author engages Rashaad Newsome’s Shade Compositions (2009), which reperforms these earlier up practices. Ultimately, this article rethinks relationality by placing an expiration on the way it is presumed to sustain itself. Relational connections cannot be stabilized nor assume that one can fully know the other. The author thus proposes an ethics for relationality that can be traced through the sense of up’s entwinement with racialized forms of rage, ‘killing it’, and exhaustion. Sense and anger produce pathways to engage one another again and again.

scholarly journals Temporal Multivariate Pattern Analysis (tMVPA): a single trial approach exploring the temporal dynamics of the BOLD signal

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Vizioli ◽  
Alexander Bratch ◽  
Junpeng Lao ◽  
Kamil Ugurbil ◽  
Lars Muckli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Bold Signal ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Multivariate Pattern ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBackgroundfMRI provides spatial resolution that is unmatched by any non-invasive neuroimaging technique. Its temporal dynamics however are typically neglected due to the sluggishness of the hemodynamic based fMRI signal.New MethodsWe present temporal multivariate pattern analysis (tMVPA), a method for investigating the temporal evolution of neural representations in fMRI data, computed using pairs of single-trial BOLD time-courses, leveraging both spatial and temporal components of the fMRI signal. We implemented an expanding sliding window approach that allows identifying the time-window of an effect.ResultsWe demonstrate that tMVPA can successfully detect condition-specific multivariate modulations over time, in the absence of univariate differences. Using Monte Carlo simulations and synthetic data, we quantified family-wise error rate (FWER) and statistical power. Both at the group and at the single subject level, FWER was either at or significantly below 5%. For the group level, we reached the desired power with 18 subjects and 12 trials; for the single subject scenario, 14 trials were required to achieve comparable power.Comparison with existing methodstMVPA adds a temporal multivariate dimension to the tools available for fMRI analysis, enabling investigations of the evolution of neural representations over time. Moreover, tMVPA permits performing single subject inferential statistics by considering single-trial distribution.ConclusionThe growing interest in fMRI temporal dynamics, motivated by recent evidence suggesting that the BOLD signal carries temporal information at a finer scale than previously thought, advocates the need for analytical tools, such as the tMVPA approach proposed here, tailored to investigating BOLD temporal information.

scholarly journals Inferring temporal dynamics from cross-sectional data using Langevin dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritha Dutta ◽  
Rick Quax ◽  
Loes Crielaard ◽  
Luca Badiali ◽  
Peter M. A. Sloot
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Local Equilibrium ◽  
Langevin Dynamics ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Points

Cross-sectional studies are widely prevalent since they are more feasible to conduct compared with longitudinal studies. However, cross-sectional data lack the temporal information required to study the evolution of the underlying dynamics. This temporal information is essential to develop predictive computational models, which is the first step towards causal modelling. We propose a method for inferring computational models from cross-sectional data using Langevin dynamics. This method can be applied to any system where the data-points are influenced by equal forces and are in (local) equilibrium. The inferred model will be valid for the time span during which this set of forces remains unchanged. The result is a set of stochastic differential equations that capture the temporal dynamics, by assuming that groups of data-points are subject to the same free energy landscape and amount of noise. This is a ‘baseline’ method that initiates the development of computational models and can be iteratively enhanced through the inclusion of domain expert knowledge as demonstrated in our results. Our method shows significant predictive power when compared against two population-based longitudinal datasets. The proposed method can facilitate the use of cross-sectional datasets to obtain an initial estimate of the underlying dynamics of the respective systems.

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