scholarly journals Effectiveness of a New Drainage System for Decreasing Erosion in Road Hillslopes

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117862212098872
Author(s):  
María Fernández-Raga ◽  
Iván García-Díez ◽  
Julian Campo ◽  
Julio Viejo ◽  
Covadonga Palencia
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
On The Road

Water is one of the most important erosive agents in roadside hillslopes. When these are built with ineffective drainage systems, erosion occurs, reducing road’s service life. However, these systems are not receiving the appropriate importance, given their strategic value. Therefore, a new drainage system called ‘branched’ is proposed in this study. Its technical and economic feasibility is compared with those of the traditional system, which consists of drainages with lines that follow maximum hillslope, to assess differences in relation to erosion, construction and maintenance costs, and service life. Different parameters were analysed, such as the average velocity of water (mm−1) running through the channels, its average specific energy (kJ), and its drag force (N). A scale model was constructed and used to test these factors before implementing it in natural terrain for testing it under field conditions. According to the theoretical and measured results, these factors were lower in the branched drainage than in the traditional one (from 24% to 34% in speed, from 37% to 60% in energy, and from 51% to 73% in force). The service life of hillslopes with a branched system of up to 0.5 m high and 1:2 grade is significantly longer than in those with a traditional drainage. Although the initial economic expense for the construction of the branched system is higher (€3534/m3 as opposed to €2930/m3 for the traditional one), its maintenance cost will be lower than the traditional one (€1230/m3 per year for the branched one as opposed to €1332/m3 per year for the traditional one). Consequently, under our experimental conditions, the proposed drainage will be profitable from the eighth year of construction, saving on the road maintenance in the following 15 years of service life.

Genetic Algorithm Applied for Optimization of Pavement Maintenance under Overload Traffic: Case Study Indonesia National Highway

2016 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Irfan Rifai ◽  
Sigit Pranowo Hadiwardoyo ◽  
António Gomes Correia ◽  
Paulo Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Model ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Roughness Index ◽  
The Government ◽  
On The Road ◽  
National Road

National Road Network which consists of a traditional road structure and modern roads, require planned maintenance and should be in accordance with the needs. The limited choice of available national road network and the deviation of the overloading encourage the government to be more responsive to carry out maintenance management. The institution in charge of road maintenance is often constrained by the limited budget available. A two-objective optimization model considers maximum roughness and minimum maintenance cost for used road network with overload. The study was conducted on the entire national road network in West Java which are paved with flexible pavement. In the proposed approach, data mining model are used for predicting the roughness index over a given period of time. Routine and periodic maintenance are chosen in this study. Multi-objective optimization model was developed based on Genetic Algorithms. Budget constraints and overloading are the two constraints in the developed model. Based on the R-Tools result, the Pareto optimal solutions of the two objective functions are obtained. From the optimal solutions represented by roughness index and cost, an agency more easily obtain the information of the maintenance planning. Results of the developed model has been implemented through the selection of maintenance on the road network scenarios with different levels of overload.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF THE CHOICE OF MOBILE COMPOSITION IN THE BRT SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (48) ◽  
pp. 257-269
Author(s):  
Poliakov V ◽  
◽  
Yaschenko D ◽  
Sharai S ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Maximum Length ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
The Road ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
System Use ◽  
On The Road ◽  
System Power

In article the question at the choice of the rolling stock of passenger motor transport in the BRT system which provides movements of buses on specially allocated and often obgorodzheny strips, that is its full isolation on the road from other means of transport is considered. For increase in passenger capacity in the BRT system use three-link buses and trolleybuses. Along with indisputable advantages of three-link buses and trolleybuses also shortcomings - the worst maneuverability and stability of the movement in comparison with two-link are inherent in them. Besides, the efficiency of operation of such cars is provided with a passenger traffic which during the day can change many times. Therefore the road train as a part of two (or three) the buses or trolleybuses working in connection, і which passenger capacity similar to the jointed buses and trolleybuses can become perspective. In rush hours the bus train, and in interpeak the period - each bus separately works (the possible parking of one bus at allocated to the platform). In view of restriction of the maximum length of the bus train at the level of 24.26 m, as buses as making road trains, we will accept the 8th meter buses MAZ 206. Passenger capacity of such bus is 72 passenger, the power of the traction engine - 160 kW. The expediency of use of three-link hook-on road train is proved by the conducted researches that MAZ 206 with a total length up to 26 m and with a passenger capacity up to 220 passengers in the BRT system consists of three same buses. It is shown that the total power of engines is necessary for the movement of such bus train with a speed of 25 m/s has to make 300 kW while for one bus at the movement with the same speed it has to be at the level of 135 kW. It demonstrates about economic feasibility of use of the bus train from three buses working in connection because for their movement in all range of speeds there is enough power of two engines, that is one of buses can be used as the passive trailer that will lead to improvement of fuel profitability of the bus train. It is established that on maneuverability indicators three links the hook-on road train considerably exceeds three links pivotally - the jointed bus. So, the dimensional lane of the hook-on bus train at execution of the most typical maneuvers by it during the work on a city route does not exceed 3.9 and 4.1 m at turns respectively on 900 and 1800 that it is much less, than for three links pivotally the jointed bus 24 m long respectively of 6.8 and 8.2 m. KEYWORDS: THREE-UNIT THE ROAD TRAIN, THE BUS, PIVOTALLY-THE JOINTED BUS, THE BRT SYSTEM, POWER, MANEUVERABILITY, A TRAJECTORY, OVERALL STRIP

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Investigation of Renewable Energy System for Rural Electrification in South Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3421-3426 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Chermat ◽  
M. Khemliche ◽  
A. E. Badoud ◽  
S. Latreche
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Management Algorithm ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Operation And Maintenance Cost ◽  
Different Sources

This work aims to consider the combination of different technologies regarding energy production and management with four possible configurations. We present an energy management algorithm to detect the best design and the best configuration from the combination of different sources. This combination allows us to produce the necessary electrical energy for supplying habitation without interruption. A comparative study is conducted among the different combinations on the basis of the cost of energy, diesel consumption, diesel price, capital cost, replacement cost, operation, and maintenance cost and greenhouse gas emission. Sensitivity analysis is also performed.

scholarly journals The impact of agriculture drainage reconstruction on ground water recession close to the subgrade

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilimantas Vaičiukynas ◽  
Saulius Vaikasas ◽  
Henrikas Sivilevičius ◽  
Audrius Grinys
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Hydraulic Permeability ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Permeability Characteristics ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Drainage ◽  
Important Design ◽  
Local Road

Good drainage is the most important design consideration for a road, both to miniaturize road maintenance costs and maximize the time the road is operational. The lack of good drainage lead to the structural damages and costly repairs. Many of roads are built in intensively drained agricultural land. The effective way to drain subgrades is reconstruction of existing agricultural drainage. The impact of cross-subsurface drainage system on water level fluctuation was measured using Plane geofiltration mathematical model, one of 3D geofiltration modelling programs. The hydraulic permeability characteristics were determined in field of Pikeliai, close to local road in Kėdainiai district, Lithuania. This object is composed of clay and loamy soils. Subsurface cross drains trenches spacing of 20 m, 30 m and 40 m were simulated. The hydraulic permeability of cross drain trenches and lateral trenches modelled was from 0.006 m/a day to 6 m/a day. The simulation of cross drains trenches showed that the most effective distance between them are 20 m. The highest water depression occurs when the permeability of cross drain trenches and lateral trenches is ~ 6 m/day, at the distance of 20 m. The water recession is 20 cm lower compared to the drainage systems without cross drains trenches. By installing cross drains trenches every 30 m, water recession is 10 cm lower when the trench permeability is about 6 m/day. When increasing the distance between the cross drains up to 40 m their influence disappears.

Development of Real-Time Mine Road Maintenance Management System Using Haul Truck and Road Vibration Signature Analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Thompson ◽  
Alex Visser ◽  
Rusty Miller ◽  
Ted Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Maintenance Management ◽  
Road User ◽  
Signature Analysis ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Vibration Signature ◽  
Haul Road

The unpaved road network of a surface mine is extensive, comprising numerous roads of varying construction and material qualities with highly variable traffic volumes. Existing haul road maintenance management systems (MMSs) work well for predictable traffic volumes, but for complex mine road networks, the MMS becomes onerous and results in suboptimal road maintenance strategies, with the attendant increase in total road-user costs and reduction in service. A real-time MMS was thus sought to overcome the deficiencies of existing systems for mine roads. Because most large mines operate trucks with onboard diagnostic data collation, linked through a centralized communication and Global Positioning System backbone, it was proposed that road condition could be monitored on a real-time basis through onboard vibration signature analysis. A real-time mine haul road MMS was developed. Mine road maintenance practices were reviewed. The real-time system architecture was devised, and a field trial was conducted of onboard vibration signature assessment. Trial results were evaluated in the light of road defect signature recognition, analysis, signature repeatability, and system limitations. This approach is applicable to other situations, such as a network of district roads, subject to an analysis of economic feasibility. The conclusion is reached that modern technology has the potential to apply maintenance as and where needed, with possible reductions in authority cost and an improvement in service provided to road users.

Central heating by seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
Abdul Mosaur Waseel ◽  
Najib Rahman Sabory ◽  
Hameedullah Zaheb ◽  
Abdul Kareem Waseel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Environmental Feasibility

Production of required thermal energy to heat residential buildings is a considerable issue in energy studies. Kabul city is a city in which the coal-fired central heating systems for providing the mentioned energy is in expansion process. And, coal as feeding source of these systems with generation of carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main cause of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions in winter. Fortunately, Kabul city has maximum solar radiation in summer warm season which can be used for fulfilling of this demand in winter cold season. The method which can perform this task is the central heating by seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy. But, the economic and environmental feasibility and viability of this method is a discussable issue. In this study, the central heating by seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy and its economic and environmental feasibility and viability is studied. It is tried that this system is compared in a logical method with current coal-fired systems. The economic feasibility study is accomplished by comparison of initial or capital cost and annual operation and maintenance cost with the usage of existing data and thermodynamic analytic methods. The environmental viability study is accomplished by comparison of annual emissions of CO2 with the usage of online emissions calculator. Unfortunately, it is found that seasonal sensible heat storage of solar thermal energy is not an economically feasible method for central heating due to its high initial cost and cannot be used in an economically beneficial manner for central heating. But fortunately, it is an environmentally viable method and environmentally friendly way due to its no and/or zero CO2 emissions. To sum up, it is suggested that, this method should be used for district heating which can make this system economically feasible.

scholarly journals Blue Carbon Cooperation in the Maritime Silk Road with Network Game Model and Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2748
Author(s):  
Changping Zhao ◽  
Xiaojiang Xu ◽  
Yu Gong ◽  
Houming Fan ◽  
Haojia Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Cost Rate ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Continuous Input

The blue carbon cooperation is a joint effort of the countries along the Maritime Silk Road (MSR) to utilize marine activities and organisms to absorb and store carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, an initiative that has great strategic value for coping with the most important environmental problems in the 21st century and promoting the building of a community with shared aspirations for mankind’s future. This research combines the decision-making structure model with the reality of the blue carbon cooperation game of the MSR to make conditional assumptions and carry out model construction. It uses the simulation method to test the influencing factors such as decision-maker type, initial input cost, continuous input maintenance cost, rate of return, carbon tax rate and others. The results suggest that initial and continuous input costs, returns, and neighbor subsidies have positive impacts on blue carbon cooperation, while carbon tax rates and income discount rates have negative impacts on blue carbon cooperation. To promote blue carbon cooperation along the MSR, emphasis should be placed on the design of incentive and subsidy mechanisms, together with the appropriate punishment mechanisms.

scholarly journals Thermal Analysis of Asphalt Concrete Pavements Heated with Amorphous Metal Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesare Sangiorgi ◽  
Cecilia Settimi ◽  
Piergiorgio Tataranni ◽  
Claudio Lantieri ◽  
Solomon Adomako
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Heating Device ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
On The Road

Undoubtedly, the most commonly used method for road maintenance includes the use of winter service vehicles to clear thoroughfares of snow and the spraying of chemicals to prevent ice formation on the road surface. The application of these traditional methods on road and airport pavements possesses numerous environmental, organizational, and technical challenges. To overcome these critical issues, new nontraditional technologies that act within the pavement, thereby increasing its temperature, have been developed. In relation to the heat source used, these are classified into chemical and physical methods. The purpose of this research is to study the temperature variation under the thermal transient process produced by the action of the physically heating device installed in the road pavement. The heating device is a ribbon, made of amorphous material, which is able to produce heat to warm up the pavement and its surface. Based on its principle of operation, it is classified among the nontraditional physical methods for the treatment of snow and ice. In this work, the performance of the heating ribbons on an experimental site at the G. Marconi International Airport in Bologna (Italy) is presented.

scholarly journals Economic and Environmental Sustainability for Aircrafts Service Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10120
Author(s):  
Marcello Fera ◽  
Raffaele Abbate ◽  
Mario Caterino ◽  
Pasquale Manco ◽  
Roberto Macchiaroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Environmental Parameter ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Aircraft Industry ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Green Index ◽  
The Cost

Aircrafts are responsible for a significant environmental impact mainly due to the air pollution caused by their motors. The use of composite materials for their production is a way to significantly reduce the weight of the structures and to maximise the ratio between the payload weight and the gasoline consumption. Moreover, the design phase has to consider the cost of different operations performed during the aircraft service life. During the entire life cycle, one of the main costs is the maintenance one. In the current literature, there is a lack of knowledge of methods for maintenance cost estimation in the aircraft industry; moreover, very few environmental assessment methods have been developed. Thus, the aim of this paper is to define a new method to support the aircraft design process; both the environmental and the economic dimensions have been included with the purpose of assessing the aircraft sustainability during its service life. A green index has been identified mixing the maintenance cost and an environmental parameter with the aim of identifying the greenest solution. A final practical application shows the feasibility and the simple application of the proposed approach.

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