scholarly journals Status of Anaemia and Malaria Co-infection With HIV From HAART Clinics in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863612094768
Author(s):  
Nneoma Confidence JeanStephanie Anyanwu ◽  
David Jesutobi Oluwatimileyin ◽  
Peace Temitope Sunmonu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Critical Public Health

Background: Malaria and HIV are 2 significant infections of critical public health concern globally. Malaria infection is one of the preceding causes of morbidity and mortality in endemic developing countries, and its co-infections in HIV patients worsen prognosis; with anaemia being the most common haematologic outcome of the infections. Context and Purpose of Study: This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of anaemia and malaria co-infection among HIV-infected patients attending selected hospitals in Abuja between February and July 2019. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to detect malaria in 420 HIV-positive patients who were 12 to 67 years old, using enzyme immunoassay and microscopy. A structured questionnaire was used to capture socio-demographic and risk factors ([Frequency of] Use of Malaria preventive Measures, History of anaemia, Blood type, malaria antecedents, and CD4+ Count) while packed cell volume was checked using micro haematocrit reader to determine anaemia status. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS v25. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 37.5 (±12.48). A total of 142 (33.8%) samples were positive for malaria, and 68 of the HIV-infected patients (16.2%) were anaemic; 4.8% of the 420 patients had malaria co-infection and anaemia simultaneously. More male participants had malaria co-infection (36.0%, P = .617) while more female participants had anaemia (22.7%, P = .058). Patients aged 61 to 70 years had the highest rates of malaria and those aged 51 to 60 years were most anaemic. Except for patients with normal CD4+ count, those who were more exposed to the evaluated risk factors were more co-infected and anaemic. Malaria co-infection did not significantly affect the onset of anaemia. Test for the validity of Microscopy against Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) showed 83.1% sensitivity and 98.6% specificity. No association was observed between the variables and the parasitaemia density of the patients. Conclusions: This study highlighted higher rates of malaria co-infection and anaemia among HIV patients when compared with previous reports in the region although co-infection did not significantly affect anaemia status. Given this trend, strategies must be put in place to checkmate these ailments. Population studies are also advocated.

scholarly journals Cross sectional study on the prevalence of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications among elderly patients in a tertiary care centre in central Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Jubina Bency Anthoorathodi ◽  
Aqueen Joju ◽  
Ann Mereena Reji ◽  
Anupama Pallivalappil Asokan ◽  
Anzeem Naseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Polypharmacy or the concurrent use of multiple medications, is on the rise, especially in the elderly population as they suffer from multiple co-morbidities. Polypharmacy has been reported to increase the risks for inappropriate medication intake. Objectives: The aim was to investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and usage of potentially inappropriate medication using Beer’s criteria and to find out the various risk factors of polypharmacy in hospitalised elderly.Methods: A cross sectional study was done in patients aged 60 years and above using a pre designed semi structured questionnaire and from their case records to assess the pattern of polypharmacy by different socio-demographic characteristics and also to found out the risk factors of polypharmacy.Results: 50 patients aged 60 and above were involved in our study out of which, 46% were females and 54% were males. Mean age of our study population was 71.5±8.3. Among them, 30 were hypertensive, 27 were diabetic, 9 of them had dyslipidaemia and 8 of them had coronary artery disease Mean number of medication use was 5.1±4.1. Polypharmacy was observed in 42% of the patients. 20% patients received potentially inappropriate drugs from Beer’s list. We also found significant association of polypharmacy with diabetes mellitus and hypertension.Conclusions: The present study has shown polypharmacy and usage of potentially inappropriate medication as an emerging public health concern. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were found to be risk factors of polypharmacy. Deprescription should be integrated into clinical care and prescribers need to be educated about Beers criteria and encouraged for rational prescription.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Utero-Vaginal Prolapse in AddisAbaba, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Mekuria ◽  
Abdu Mengesha ◽  
Girma Seyoum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Uterovaginal Prolapse ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Uterovaginal prolapse (UVP) is a major women’s health concern throughout the world. Globally, 2-20% of all women are affected by UVP. The mean prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse in developing countries is 19.7%. The prevalence of UVP in Ethiopia is 18.55% among all gynecological operations. UVP is a source of severe morbidity and psychological upheaval to the patient, who is often socially withdrawn and stigmatized. UVP negatively affects socioeconomic and reproductive activity of affected women. It is, therefore, of interest to study its prevalence and factors associated with the condition.Methodology: Institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in selected Addis Ababa city governmental hospitals and the medical record charts of women admitted in the respective gynecology wards were reviewed. The medical records included in this study were those from March 2017 to February 2019 G.C. and 400 records of admitted women were randomly selected. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 statistical package. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine factors associated with UVP. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as significant.Result: Out of the3,949 admitted women, the prevalence of UVP was 12.8%. The leading determinants of UVP were menopause (OR = 2.611 (at 95 % CI: 1.531, 3.838), age > 40 years (OR = 2.143 (at 95 % CI:1.496, 6.602), parity of > 4 (OR = 4.201 (at 95 % CI 1.652, 10.685), age at first delivery of < 20 years old (OR = 7.988(2.682, 23.792) and home delivery (OR = 1.380 (at 95 % CI:1.212, 2.572). Conclusion: The prevalence of UVP in this study was relatively high. The major risk factors of UVP were menopause, having > 4 deliveries, age > 40 years, age at first delivery < 20 years old and home delivery. Therefore, the findings of this investigation, especially identification of risk factors of UVP, could serve as a basis for taking steps for preventing or reducing the prevalence of UVP and related complications.

scholarly journals Microcytic and Malarial Anaemia Prevalence in Urban Children ≤15 Years in the Mount Cameroon Area: A Cross-Sectional Study on Risk Factors

Anemia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sharon Odmia Sama ◽  
Seraphine Njuontsop Chiamo ◽  
Germain Sotoing Taiwe ◽  
Gwendolyne Elobe Njume ◽  
Irene Ule Ngole Sumbele
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Microcytic Anaemia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mount Cameroon ◽  
Child Age

Background. Anaemia, a common nutritional deficiency, is a public health problem in the Mount Cameroon area. This study determined the prevalence and possible risk factors of microcytic and malarial anaemia in children less than ≤15 years residing in the Buea and Limbe municipalities in the Mount Cameroon area. Methods. A total of 566 children were clinically examined in a cross-sectional study from December 2018 to August 2019 for anaemia and malaria parasites. Blood samples collected were used in evaluating full blood count with the aid of an automated haemoanalyser, and malaria parasite was confirmed by microscopy. Anaemia was defined based on WHO standards while microcytic anaemia and malarial anaemia were defined as microcytosis + anaemia and malaria + anaemia, respectively. Factors that showed significance in the bivariate analysis were entered into a multinomial logistic regression to determine risk factors for microcytic and malarial anaemia. Results. The overall prevalence for anaemia, microcytosis, microcytic anaemia, and malarial anaemia was, respectively, 68.7%, 48.9%, 36.9%, and 19.6% with microcytic anaemia representing 53.7% of all anaemic cases. Risk factors for microcytic anaemia included child age of 1–5 years P = 0.007 , forest ethnicity P = 0.019 , parents being farmers P = 0.038 or jobless P = 0.009 , and having moderate malaria parasitaemia P = 0.048 while those for malarial anaemia were child age of 6–10 years P = 0.008 , parents’ age of 26–35 years P = 0.049 , parents being jobless P = 0.023 , and consuming plantains 3-4 times P = 0.024 a week. Conclusion. Microcytic anaemia is getting to be a severe public health concern while malarial anaemia is a mild public health issue in children residing in urban areas of Mount Cameroon. Parents’ occupation was directly linked to all anaemia forms; hence, any intervention to curb anaemia should consider aspects that will raise the socioeconomic status of the population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of syphilis in people living with HIV/AIDS: A Hospital based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Suresh Jaiswal ◽  
Laxman Banstola ◽  
Manisha Shrestha ◽  
Srijana Sapkota ◽  
Sujan Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease is one of the oldest diseases caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, has been a major public health concern worldwide. The aim is to find out the prevalence of syphilis and its risk factors among people with HIV at Western Regional hospital in Nepal. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at one of the largest public hospitals in Western Region of Nepal. A consecutive 90 HIV-positive patients were recruited prospectively from December 2016 to February 2017. Blood samples and data on sociodemographic and risk factors were collected. Serum were diagnosed for syphilis using Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test. Results: The prevalence of syphilis infection was 12.2% in HIV positive participants. Syphilis occurred exclusively in male 7 comparatively 4 in female. Seropositivity of syphilis was seen higher in married than unmarried HIV infected individuals. Syphilis prevalence seems to increase with increasing age, with the highest rate in the age group 35–50 years. A decreasing rate of syphilis was observed with increasing educational level, where illiterate HIV-positive participants had higher infection compared with those having at least a certificate. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of syphilis in people with HIV infection demands the need to target this people to prevent the transmission of both infections. Testing for all HIV-infected people for syphilis and management of the infected would have clinical and epidemiological importance.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Mortality of Cryptococcal Disease in Adults with Advanced HIV in an Urban Tertiary Hospital in Sierra Leone: A Cross Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Lakoh ◽  
Hannah Rickman ◽  
Momodu Sesay ◽  
Sartie Kenneh ◽  
Rachael M. Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
World Health ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cryptococcal Disease

Abstract Background The global annual estimate for cryptococcal disease related deaths exceeds 180,000, with three fourth occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening in all HIV patients with CD4 count <100/µl. As there is no previous published study on the burden and impact of cryptococcal disease in Sierra Leone, research is needed to inform public health policies. We aimed to establish the seroprevalence and mortality of cryptococcal disease in adults with advanced HIV attending an urban tertiary hospital in Sierra Leone. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to screen consecutive adult (18 years or older) HIV patients at Connaught Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone with CD4 count below 100 cells/mm3 from January to April, 2018. Participants received a blood CrAg lateral flow assay (IMMY, Oklahoma, USA). All participants with a positive serum CrAg had lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CrAg assay, and those with cryptococcal diseases had fluconazole monotherapy with eight weeks followed up. Data were entered into Excel and analysed in Stata version 13.0. Proportions, median and interquartile ranges were used to summarise the data. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical variables. Results A total of 170 patients, with median age of 36 (IQR 30-43) and median CD4 count of 45 cells/mm3 (IQR 23-63) were screened. At the time of enrolment, 54% were inpatients, 51% were newly diagnosed with HIV, and 56% were either ART-naïve or newly initiated (≤ 30 days). Eight participants had a positive blood CrAg, giving a prevalence of 4.7% (95% CI: 2.4-9.2%). Of those with a positive CrAg, CSF CrAg was positive in five (62.5%). Five (62.5%) CrAg-positive participants died within the first month, while the remaining three were alive and established on ART at eight weeks. Conclusion: A substantial prevalence of cryptococcal antigenaemia and poor outcome of cryptococcal diseases were demonstrated in our study. The high mortality suggests a need for the HIV programme to formulate and implement policies on screening and pre-emptive fluconazole therapy for all adults with advanced HIV in Sierra Leone, and advocate for affordable access to effective antifungal therapies.

scholarly journals Gender Differences Related to Spirituality, Coping Skills and Risk Factors of Suicide Attempt: A Cross-Sectional Study of French Adolescent Inpatients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Mirkovic ◽  
Vincent Belloncle ◽  
Hugues Pellerin ◽  
Jean-Marc Guilé ◽  
Priscille Gérardin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Axis I

Background: Suicide attempts in adolescence represent a major public health concern, since these behaviors are associated with psychosocial burden and an increased risk of suicide. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore possible gender differences related to protective and risk factors in adolescents who have attempted suicide.Methods: Participants were French adolescents hospitalized for attempt suicide in five French pediatric departments. The participants were evaluated on 12 instruments measuring individual risk and protective factors.Results: Our sample included 320 adolescents aged 13–17 years (M = 14.43, SD = 1.29), of whom 82% were female and 35% were repeat attempters. Boys had greater difficulties at school and used more lethal means such as strangulation. We failed to find any differences between the two groups as regards the main Axis I psychiatric diagnoses. Boys tend to use more non-productive coping skills such as tension reduction or wishful thinking and girls use more reference to other strategies such as seeking social support. Although spirituality scores were low overall sample, they were significantly higher among girls.Conclusions: In the end, we find little difference between the two groups in terms of risk factors. However, we have shown gender differences in spirituality and some coping strategies. These results should be taken into consideration when designing suicide prevention programs.

DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN AND RISK ELEMENTS OF STROKE PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY.

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Giridhar Dasegowda ◽  
Girish M Bengalorkar ◽  
Salma Sadaf ◽  
Priyanka Prasanna Kumar Belaguthi ◽  
Sanjiti Mirmire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Utilization Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Stroke is not only one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide but is also a topic of major public health concern in developing countries with a prevalence of 44 - 559 per 100,000 people. This study focuses on risk factors, socioeconomic distribution, drug utilization pattern, rehabilitation of patients and possible solutions to the encountered problems. Methods: Patients admitted to ESIC MC & PGIMSR, Bangalore were included in this cross-sectional study. A complete prole of patients diagnosed with stroke was obtained. On analysing the data obtained from 51 patients Results: under study, it was noted that ischemic stroke was the highest (84.31%), and stroke in males (70.59%) was higher than among females (29.41%) with highest occurrences between 55-70 years of age (41.18%). A large number of people were found to have >=3 risk factors (72.54%), including hypertension (78.43%), alcoholism (50.98%), diabetes mellitus (49.02%), smoking (47.05%), and dyslipidemia (27.45%). It was found that an average patient is prescribed 3.01 drugs in generic name and 4.68 in brand name (p<0.05). The study also highlighted the inadequacy of physiotherapy (39.21%), speech-therapy (11.76%) and occupational-therapy (0%). An understanding of risk factors and drug prescription strategies fol Conclusion: lowed by physicians across different socioeconomic groups helps to ne tune management strategies in accordance with guidelines, to provide a better quality of life to patients.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors for AIDS-related mortality in HIV patients in China: a cross-sectional study

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zheng ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Peng Huang ◽  
Jessie Norris ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Mortality

scholarly journals Urogenital schistosomiasis burden in school-aged children in Tiko, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study on prevalence, intensity, knowledge and risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Ule Ngole Sumbele ◽  
Doris Bennen Tabi ◽  
Rene Ning Teh ◽  
Anne Longdoh Njunda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Urogenital Schistosomiasis ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background This study aimed at determining urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS) prevalence, intensity, knowledge and risk factors in school-aged children (SAC) in the new endemic focus of Tiko, Cameroon. Methods A cross-sectional study including 389 SAC of both sexes aged 5–15 years was carried out between April and June 2018. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, clinical and predisposing factors. Urine sample collected was used to detect Schistosoma haematobium eggs by filtration technique and microhaematuria by Heme dipstick COMBI 11. Logistic regression model was used to determine risk factors of UGS. Results The overall prevalence of UGS was 37.0% (CI 32.4–41.9) and 32.6% (CI 28.2–37.5) were positive by egg excretion while 24.4% (CI 20.4–28.9) by haematuria. S. haematobium egg excretion and haematuria were significantly higher in males (P = 0.016; P = 0.049) and children 12–15 years old (P = 0.009; P = 0.002), respectively. The mean number of eggs per 10 mL of urine was 77.6 (10.2) and ranged from 2 to 400. The proportion of light intensity of infection was higher (67.7%, CI 59.2–75.2) with no significant differences by sex, age and residence. However, the older children were more heavily infected when compared to the younger children, who had more of light infection. Overall, the mean knowledge score 1.42 (CI 1.32–1.51) on a scale of 6, was poor and the proportion of good knowledge of the disease (23.14%, CI 19.2–27.6) was low. Stream water contact (AOR = 4.94; P = 0.001) was the only significant risk factor identified. Conclusion Urogenital schistosomiasis is of public health concern among SAC in Tiko, Cameroon. Most participants have poor knowledge about the disease, hence education on vector-borne diseases and the avoidance of stream water contact should be implemented.

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