scholarly journals Prevalence of syphilis in people living with HIV/AIDS: A Hospital based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Suresh Jaiswal ◽  
Laxman Banstola ◽  
Manisha Shrestha ◽  
Srijana Sapkota ◽  
Sujan Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease is one of the oldest diseases caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, has been a major public health concern worldwide. The aim is to find out the prevalence of syphilis and its risk factors among people with HIV at Western Regional hospital in Nepal. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at one of the largest public hospitals in Western Region of Nepal. A consecutive 90 HIV-positive patients were recruited prospectively from December 2016 to February 2017. Blood samples and data on sociodemographic and risk factors were collected. Serum were diagnosed for syphilis using Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test. Results: The prevalence of syphilis infection was 12.2% in HIV positive participants. Syphilis occurred exclusively in male 7 comparatively 4 in female. Seropositivity of syphilis was seen higher in married than unmarried HIV infected individuals. Syphilis prevalence seems to increase with increasing age, with the highest rate in the age group 35–50 years. A decreasing rate of syphilis was observed with increasing educational level, where illiterate HIV-positive participants had higher infection compared with those having at least a certificate. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of syphilis in people with HIV infection demands the need to target this people to prevent the transmission of both infections. Testing for all HIV-infected people for syphilis and management of the infected would have clinical and epidemiological importance.

scholarly journals Cross sectional study on the prevalence of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications among elderly patients in a tertiary care centre in central Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Jubina Bency Anthoorathodi ◽  
Aqueen Joju ◽  
Ann Mereena Reji ◽  
Anupama Pallivalappil Asokan ◽  
Anzeem Naseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Polypharmacy or the concurrent use of multiple medications, is on the rise, especially in the elderly population as they suffer from multiple co-morbidities. Polypharmacy has been reported to increase the risks for inappropriate medication intake. Objectives: The aim was to investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and usage of potentially inappropriate medication using Beer’s criteria and to find out the various risk factors of polypharmacy in hospitalised elderly.Methods: A cross sectional study was done in patients aged 60 years and above using a pre designed semi structured questionnaire and from their case records to assess the pattern of polypharmacy by different socio-demographic characteristics and also to found out the risk factors of polypharmacy.Results: 50 patients aged 60 and above were involved in our study out of which, 46% were females and 54% were males. Mean age of our study population was 71.5±8.3. Among them, 30 were hypertensive, 27 were diabetic, 9 of them had dyslipidaemia and 8 of them had coronary artery disease Mean number of medication use was 5.1±4.1. Polypharmacy was observed in 42% of the patients. 20% patients received potentially inappropriate drugs from Beer’s list. We also found significant association of polypharmacy with diabetes mellitus and hypertension.Conclusions: The present study has shown polypharmacy and usage of potentially inappropriate medication as an emerging public health concern. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were found to be risk factors of polypharmacy. Deprescription should be integrated into clinical care and prescribers need to be educated about Beers criteria and encouraged for rational prescription.

scholarly journals What Are the Risk Factors of Negative Patient Experience? A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Public Hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 004695801984786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhu Xie ◽  
Yinhuan Hu ◽  
Chuntao Lu ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Jason T. Carbone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Patient Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Patient ◽  
Self Rated Health

Hospitals are struggling to involve patients and learn from their experience. The risk factor of patient experience is increasingly recognized as a critical component in improving patient experience. Our study explored risk factors of negative patient experience in order to improve the health-service quality of public hospitals. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Hubei province, China. A total of 583 respondents were surveyed by the Outpatient Experience Questionnaire with good validity and reliability in July 2015. T-tests were conducted to compare the experience scores among different outpatient groups. Multiple linear regression was performed to determine the significant factors that influenced the outpatient experience. Outpatients between 18 and 44 years old had the lowest experience scores (65.89 ± 0.79), whereas outpatients completely paying out-of-pocket had the lowest experience scores (64.68 ± 0.81) among all participants. Outpatients with poor self-rated health status had the lowest experience scores (66.14 ± 1.61) among different self-rated health status groups. While age, type of payment, and self-rated health status were significantly risk factors that influenced outpatient experience in the multiple linear regression. Thus, health-care providers should pay more attention to outpatients who are young (age <45), completely out-of-pocket and poor health status, and provide precision health care to improve outpatient experience.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Utero-Vaginal Prolapse in AddisAbaba, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Mekuria ◽  
Abdu Mengesha ◽  
Girma Seyoum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Uterovaginal Prolapse ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Uterovaginal prolapse (UVP) is a major women’s health concern throughout the world. Globally, 2-20% of all women are affected by UVP. The mean prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse in developing countries is 19.7%. The prevalence of UVP in Ethiopia is 18.55% among all gynecological operations. UVP is a source of severe morbidity and psychological upheaval to the patient, who is often socially withdrawn and stigmatized. UVP negatively affects socioeconomic and reproductive activity of affected women. It is, therefore, of interest to study its prevalence and factors associated with the condition.Methodology: Institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in selected Addis Ababa city governmental hospitals and the medical record charts of women admitted in the respective gynecology wards were reviewed. The medical records included in this study were those from March 2017 to February 2019 G.C. and 400 records of admitted women were randomly selected. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 statistical package. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine factors associated with UVP. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as significant.Result: Out of the3,949 admitted women, the prevalence of UVP was 12.8%. The leading determinants of UVP were menopause (OR = 2.611 (at 95 % CI: 1.531, 3.838), age > 40 years (OR = 2.143 (at 95 % CI:1.496, 6.602), parity of > 4 (OR = 4.201 (at 95 % CI 1.652, 10.685), age at first delivery of < 20 years old (OR = 7.988(2.682, 23.792) and home delivery (OR = 1.380 (at 95 % CI:1.212, 2.572). Conclusion: The prevalence of UVP in this study was relatively high. The major risk factors of UVP were menopause, having > 4 deliveries, age > 40 years, age at first delivery < 20 years old and home delivery. Therefore, the findings of this investigation, especially identification of risk factors of UVP, could serve as a basis for taking steps for preventing or reducing the prevalence of UVP and related complications.

scholarly journals Microcytic and Malarial Anaemia Prevalence in Urban Children ≤15 Years in the Mount Cameroon Area: A Cross-Sectional Study on Risk Factors

Anemia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sharon Odmia Sama ◽  
Seraphine Njuontsop Chiamo ◽  
Germain Sotoing Taiwe ◽  
Gwendolyne Elobe Njume ◽  
Irene Ule Ngole Sumbele
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Microcytic Anaemia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mount Cameroon ◽  
Child Age

Background. Anaemia, a common nutritional deficiency, is a public health problem in the Mount Cameroon area. This study determined the prevalence and possible risk factors of microcytic and malarial anaemia in children less than ≤15 years residing in the Buea and Limbe municipalities in the Mount Cameroon area. Methods. A total of 566 children were clinically examined in a cross-sectional study from December 2018 to August 2019 for anaemia and malaria parasites. Blood samples collected were used in evaluating full blood count with the aid of an automated haemoanalyser, and malaria parasite was confirmed by microscopy. Anaemia was defined based on WHO standards while microcytic anaemia and malarial anaemia were defined as microcytosis + anaemia and malaria + anaemia, respectively. Factors that showed significance in the bivariate analysis were entered into a multinomial logistic regression to determine risk factors for microcytic and malarial anaemia. Results. The overall prevalence for anaemia, microcytosis, microcytic anaemia, and malarial anaemia was, respectively, 68.7%, 48.9%, 36.9%, and 19.6% with microcytic anaemia representing 53.7% of all anaemic cases. Risk factors for microcytic anaemia included child age of 1–5 years P = 0.007 , forest ethnicity P = 0.019 , parents being farmers P = 0.038 or jobless P = 0.009 , and having moderate malaria parasitaemia P = 0.048 while those for malarial anaemia were child age of 6–10 years P = 0.008 , parents’ age of 26–35 years P = 0.049 , parents being jobless P = 0.023 , and consuming plantains 3-4 times P = 0.024 a week. Conclusion. Microcytic anaemia is getting to be a severe public health concern while malarial anaemia is a mild public health issue in children residing in urban areas of Mount Cameroon. Parents’ occupation was directly linked to all anaemia forms; hence, any intervention to curb anaemia should consider aspects that will raise the socioeconomic status of the population.

scholarly journals Kidney disease risk factors associate with urine biomarkers concentrations in HIV-positive persons; a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony N. Muiru ◽  
Michael G. Shlipak ◽  
Rebecca Scherzer ◽  
William R. Zhang ◽  
Simon B. Ascher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urine Biomarkers

scholarly journals Gender Differences Related to Spirituality, Coping Skills and Risk Factors of Suicide Attempt: A Cross-Sectional Study of French Adolescent Inpatients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Mirkovic ◽  
Vincent Belloncle ◽  
Hugues Pellerin ◽  
Jean-Marc Guilé ◽  
Priscille Gérardin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Axis I

Background: Suicide attempts in adolescence represent a major public health concern, since these behaviors are associated with psychosocial burden and an increased risk of suicide. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore possible gender differences related to protective and risk factors in adolescents who have attempted suicide.Methods: Participants were French adolescents hospitalized for attempt suicide in five French pediatric departments. The participants were evaluated on 12 instruments measuring individual risk and protective factors.Results: Our sample included 320 adolescents aged 13–17 years (M = 14.43, SD = 1.29), of whom 82% were female and 35% were repeat attempters. Boys had greater difficulties at school and used more lethal means such as strangulation. We failed to find any differences between the two groups as regards the main Axis I psychiatric diagnoses. Boys tend to use more non-productive coping skills such as tension reduction or wishful thinking and girls use more reference to other strategies such as seeking social support. Although spirituality scores were low overall sample, they were significantly higher among girls.Conclusions: In the end, we find little difference between the two groups in terms of risk factors. However, we have shown gender differences in spirituality and some coping strategies. These results should be taken into consideration when designing suicide prevention programs.

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