Vulval Disease from the 1800s to the New Millennium

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Lichen Sclerosus ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatoses ◽  
Historical Viewpoint ◽  
A Site ◽  
Vulval Disease ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
New Millennium

Background: The study of vulval disease has become important over the last few decades. Although several inflammatory dermatoses were described at the end of the 19th century, vulval involvement in these conditions was only realized some time later. Indeed, the vulva may be a site of predilection of some inflammatory dermatoses such as lichen sclerosus. Objective: There are now groups of interested dermatologists, gynecologists, and genitourinary physicians that have cooperated to study patients with vulval disease. Hopefully, this will increase our knowledge over the next century. Conclusion: This review article examines vulval disease from an historical viewpoint and highlights important developments that have increased our understanding of the disorders that specifically affect the vulva.

Reciprocity and Related Topics in Elastodynamics

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan D. Achenbach
Keyword(s):  
Elasticity Theory ◽  
Elastic Body ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Wave Motion ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Integral Representations ◽  
Time Harmonic ◽  
Reciprocity Relations ◽  
Elastic Systems ◽  
The 19Th Century

Reciprocity theorems in elasticity theory were discovered in the second half of the 19th century. For elastodynamics they provide interesting relations between two elastodynamic states, say states A and B. This paper will primarily review applications of reciprocity relations for time-harmonic elastodynamic states. The paper starts with a brief introduction to provide some historical and general background, and then proceeds in Sec. 2 to a brief discussion of static reciprocity for an elastic body. General comments on waves in solids are offered in Sec. 3, while Sec. 4 provides a brief summary of linearized elastodynamics. Reciprocity theorems are stated in Sec. 5. For some simple examples the concept of virtual waves is introduced in Sec. 6. A virtual wave is a wave motion that satisfies appropriate conditions on the boundaries and is a solution of the elastodynamic equations. It is shown that combining the desired solution as state A with a virtual wave as state B provides explicit results for state A. Basic elastodynamic states are discussed in Sec. 7. These states play an important role in the formulation of integral representations and integral equations, as shown in Sec. 8. Reciprocity in 1-D and full-space elastodynamics are discussed in Secs. 910, respectively. Applications to a half-space and a layer are reviewed in Secs. 1112. Section 13 is concerned with reciprocity of coupled acousto-elastic systems. The paper is completed with a brief discussion of reciprocity for piezoelectric systems. There are 61 references cited in this review article.

scholarly journals From the British Isles to Ceylon, or English in Sri Lanka

2018 ◽  
pp. 159-172
Author(s):  
Olga Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Standard English ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
A Site ◽  
The 19Th Century

Although Sri Lanka was a site of colonization of the Portuguese, Dutch and (under the treaty of Amiens in 1802) British, it was the English language that had the strongest infl uence on the indigenous population of the island as the earlier colonizers were less interested in disseminating their culture. Taking into consideration the fact that English was established in Sri Lanka by missionaries and British officers, it can be assumed that the language brought to the island of Ceylon was the Standard English of the turn of the 19th century. Exploiting data from International Corpus of English – Sri Lanka and articles on Sri Lankan English, the present study contains a comparison of contemporary Sri Lankan English and the English of the period when the language was brought to the Island (early 19th century). Thus, an effort is made to show the conservative features of the language of the first British settlers, which survive in English spoken in contemporary Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals Caddo Ceramic Assemblage from a Site Across the Road from the Millsey Williamson Site in Rusk County, Texas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Red River ◽  
East Side ◽  
Ceramic Assemblage ◽  
Alluvial Terrace ◽  
The Road ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
A Site ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Village

In archaeological investigations by Jones at the Nadaco Caddo Millsey Williamson site (41RK3), he identified a burial area on the western tip of an alluvial terrace landform on the east side of Martin Creek, as well as a village area to the east. The burial area and the village area were separated by a road, a paved segment of the 19th century Trammel’s Trace. Trammel’s Trace was an Anglo–American version of the aboriginal Caddo Trace “that led from the Hasinai Caddo settlements in East Texas to the Kadohadacho settlements on the Red River in the general area of Texarkana, Texas, and its route is fairly well known because the historic 19th–century Trammel’s Trace followed its route through northeastern Texas." The collection of ceramic sherds discussed in this article are from the village, namely the site area across [and to the east] from the Millsey Williamson historic Caddo cemetery; they are in the collections of the Gregg County Historical Museum. A number of the sherds were collected from this area before 1945 by a Mr. C. W. Bailey, who donated them to Buddy Jones for study.

scholarly journals Monetary Economy of South Kazakhstan in the 19th Century (as evidenced by the “Turkestan Archive”)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-1107
Author(s):  
V. N. Nastich
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Review Article ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Monetary Economy ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Monetary Circulation

The review article is based on the materials of the talk given at the All-Union Barthold Readings in 1990. It comprises an analysis of the data regarding the monetary units circulating in the city ofTurkestanand its district (South Kazakhstan) during the period when it was subject to the Khoqand (Kokand) Khanate and subsequently to the Russian Empire. The sources are a large group of act and business documents written in oriental languages in Arabic script, which were discovered in the 1970s. The article provides a philological analysis of monetary terms and related metrology. It provides the relationship between local and Russian denominations as well as a general survey of monetary circulation in the region during the 19th century. Along with the coin types and some specific features of their circulation, the author supplies unique data regarding prices for goods, realty, food, etc., which existed in the region during that period.

Literary Societies in Russia in the First Half of the 19th Century: Approaches to an Interdisciplinary Description

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
A. S. Bodrova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Public ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Literary Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The 19Th Century

The review article systematizes the principle achievements in the studies of the literary societies and associations in the Russian and foreign historiography of the 1990–2010s, and analyzes approaches to this material within the framework of various disciplines and methodologies. The author suggests an institutional approach as the basis for the development of a conceptual and fact-fortified language for describing the literary societies in Russia in the fi rst half of the 19th century. An institutional approach provides an opportunity to link the history of the literary associations with the broader socio-historical context and to describe the role played by the literary societies in the formation of the «public sphere» and civil society in the 19th-century Russia

scholarly journals La Peña del Castillo (Peñas de San Pedro, Albacete) Campaña de 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 445-461
Author(s):  
Lucía Soria Combadiera ◽  
José Ángel González Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Field Season ◽  
A Site ◽  
The 19Th Century

In this article, the results of the field season 2020 excavation in La Peña del Castillo (Peñas de San Pedro, Albacete) are presented. It is a site with a long and discontinuous time frame from the Late Bronze Age to the 19th century. The archaeological activities project aims to know the entity of the enclave and the different settlement patterns throughout its occupation.

scholarly journals Chemical Bonding: The Journey from Miniature Hooks to Density Functional Theory

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin C. Constable ◽  
Catherine E. Housecroft
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Chemical Models ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Quantum Chemical Models

Our modern understanding of chemistry is predicated upon bonding interactions between atoms and ions resulting in the assembly of all of the forms of matter that we encounter in our daily life. It was not always so. This review article traces the development of our understanding of bonding from prehistory, through the debates in the 19th century C.E. bearing on valence, to modern quantum chemical models and beyond.

scholarly journals O fragmentaryzacji srebra wczesnośredniowiecznego: na ile wiarygodne są dane metrologiczne? Przypadek skarbu z Mózgowa na Warmii (t.p.q. 1009)

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-238
Author(s):  
Mateusz Bogucki
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Metrological Analysis ◽  
Metal Detector ◽  
Treasure Trove ◽  
Metrological Research ◽  
Entire Collection ◽  
A Site ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Systematic Collection

For years, a discussion has been held about the circulation of silver in the early Middle Ages and the role played by fragments of coins and ornaments. This multi-faceted discussion has also revolved around the function of the smallest fragments. Metrological research has indicated certain regularities in the incidence of fragments of a specified weight depending on region and chronology. New data for this discussion was provided by a treasure trove originally discovered in 1868 in Mózgowo in Warmia. Only slightly more than 400 coins have survived from the items discovered in the 19th century; they are a part of a collection of the Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum in Braunschweig. The place where the treasure was discovered was identified in 2010; more than 800 coins and fragments thereof were unearthed. In 2012, the area was examined as a site of excavation where subsequently over 370 specimens were discovered. The treasure trove must have been hidden sometime after 1009, most probably around 1015. The coins from the museum in Braunschweig are not suitable for metrological analysis because they were intentionally separated for a systematic collection. Following an analysis of the specimens discovered in 2010 and 2012, considerable discrepancies in weight frequencies were observed. It turns out that in the collection of objects excavated by professional metal detector operators, very small fragments of silver prevail. Before, they were rarely registered in early medieval treasures (fragments weighing more than 1 gram represent only 6.66%, pieces weighing less than 1 g represent 93.33%, fragments of up to 0.5 g represent 87.61%, while pieces weighing less than 0.1 g represent a whopping 55% of the entire collection).The differences in the weight of silver fragments in the specific parts of the treasure trove from Mózgowo shed new light on both the methodology of examining treasure troves and how representative the data used so far in statistical and metrological analyses are.

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