scholarly journals Monetary Economy of South Kazakhstan in the 19th Century (as evidenced by the “Turkestan Archive”)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-1107
Author(s):  
V. N. Nastich
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Review Article ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Monetary Economy ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Monetary Circulation

The review article is based on the materials of the talk given at the All-Union Barthold Readings in 1990. It comprises an analysis of the data regarding the monetary units circulating in the city ofTurkestanand its district (South Kazakhstan) during the period when it was subject to the Khoqand (Kokand) Khanate and subsequently to the Russian Empire. The sources are a large group of act and business documents written in oriental languages in Arabic script, which were discovered in the 1970s. The article provides a philological analysis of monetary terms and related metrology. It provides the relationship between local and Russian denominations as well as a general survey of monetary circulation in the region during the 19th century. Along with the coin types and some specific features of their circulation, the author supplies unique data regarding prices for goods, realty, food, etc., which existed in the region during that period.

The Germans and their Jewish Neighbors on the Ukrainian Areas at the Second Half of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
D. Meshkov
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
South West ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents some of the author’s research results that has got while elaboration of the theme “Everyday life in the mirror of conflicts: Germans and their neighbors on the Southern and South-West periphery of the Russian Empire 1861–1914”. The relationship between Germans and Jews is studied in the context of the growing confrontation in Southern cities that resulted in a wave of pogroms. Sources are information provided by the police and court archival funds. The German colonists Ludwig Koenig and Alexandra Kirchner (the resident of Odessa) were involved into Odessa pogrom (1871), in particular. While Koenig with other rioters was arrested by the police, Kirchner led a crowd of rioters to the shop of her Jewish neighbor, whom she had a conflict with. The second part of the article is devoted to the analyses of unty-Jewish violence causes and history in Ak-Kerman at the second half of the 19th and early years of 20th centuries. Akkerman was one of the southern Bessarabia cities, where multiethnic population, including the Jews, grew rapidly. It was one of the reasons of the pogroms in 1865 and 1905. The author uses criminal cases` papers to analyze the reasons of the Germans participation in the civilian squads that had been organized to protect the population and their property in Ackerman and Shabo in 1905.

scholarly journals Andrei Cușco, Între „orientalism” şi obiectivitate: etnografia rusă şi Basarabia în a doua jumătate a secolului al XIX-lea / Between “Orientalism” and Objectivity: Russian Ethnography and Bessarabia during the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 104-119
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Objective Knowledge ◽  
Basic Goal ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

This paper discusses the interaction between the discourses of empire and nation as it emerged in the debates about the proper object of research and the criteria for legitimacy of the newly founded discipline of ethnography in the Russian Empire in the last decades of the 18th and throughout the 19th century. A special emphasis will be laid upon the particular features of the appearance and evolution of ethnographic preoccupations in the Russian Empire starting with the second half of the 18th century, when the first attempts at the synthesis and classification of ethnographic enquiries can be discerned, and spanning the first half of the 19th century. In this context, the case of Bessarabia represents an illustrative example of the uneasy interaction between the specialized and supposedly “objective” knowledge of learned experts and the agendas of the central and local authorities and officials. My basic goal has been to uncover the relationship between the “imperial” and the “universalistic” dimensions of Russian ethnography.

Career of a Foreigner in the Russian Province of the First Quarter of the 19th Century: The Case of V. F. Blankengorn

2018 ◽  
pp. 1231-1243
Author(s):  
Anastasia V. Tikhonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
General Staff ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
State Library ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

The article shows the procedure for reconstructing biography of a foreign specialist who worked in the Russian Empire in the first quarter of the 19th century. The author analyzes materials in ‘Mesyatseslov with a list of functionaries or the General staff of the Russian Empire ...’ for 1813—1825. It allows to follow the foreigner’s gradual movement up the career ladder, accompanied by reception of class ranks. Records of service (formularnye listy) within the studied time framework contain further biographical details. These important documents on the service of the provincial official are preserved in the fond of the gubernia board in a regional archive (in this case, the State Archives of the Smolensk Region). Since records of service mention that the foreigner was of Lutheran confession, the parish registers of the corresponding church have been studied. The discovery of the record of death of the subject allows to date his life. Thus, the career of a Berlin native V. F. Blankengorn, who served as uezd and later gubernia land surveyor in the Smolensk gubernia, has been reconstructed. In 1812 Blankengorn was made to stay in occupied Smolensk; later, when the city was liberated, he was acquitted, as he did not render assistance to the enemy army. In 1823-1831 the Smolensk gubernia formed a part of the General-governorship (with center in Vitebsk) alongside with the Vitebsk, Mogilev, and Kaluga gubernias. Thus, documents retated to Blankengorn’s being awarded his first Russian order in 1824 proceeded from the Chancellery of the Governor-General. In the studied period being awarded any order of the Russian Empire (regardless of its degree) opened a prospect of obtaining noble dignity. The article based on the study of the biography of V. F. Blankengorn, adjusts the dating of the ‘Atlas of the Smolensk Province.’ This 25-sheet manuscript executed by Blankengorn is now stored in the department of cartographic publications of the Russian State Library. In its digitized form, the Atlas is available on the official website of the Library. It includes the maps of all cities and uezds of the Smolensk gubernia and its general map. Precision and artistry of the manuscript suggest that it was created for Emperor Alexander I’s tour of the Smolensk gubernia in 1824.

The Russian Ambassador in Turkey A.P. Butenev

2021 ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Elena Kudriavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Ministry ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Apollinary Petrovich Butenev was at the head of the Russian embassy in Constantinople from 1830 till 1843. These were the years of the most stable Turkish-Russian relations in the first half of the 19th century. As the envoy to Constantinople, A. Butenev was one of the most significant Russian representatives abroad, while the position in Constantinople was one of the most important postings in the Russian Foreign Ministry service since the city was a kind of international political centre that had a huge impact on the life of the whole of Europe. A. Butenev’s diplomatic endeavours never generated a lot of interest among Russian historians, even though many scholars thoroughly analyzed the period of the Russian-Turkish relations during his service in Constantinople multiple times. The 1830s and 1840s are marked by several important events in foreign policy in which the Russian envoy was directly involved. First of all, А. Butenev played a decisive role in the drafting of the Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi that was signed in 1833. The Bosphorus expedition of 1833 was a unique military and political operation of its time, unparalleled in the history of Russian diplomacy. Usually, the success of the expedition is associated with the names of A.F. Orlov and N.N. Muravyov, while the chance to conclude this treaty that was extremely beneficial for Russia belongs to A. Butenev. This is indicated by numerous internal memoranda and reports he sent to St. Petersburg. With his experience in diplomatic affairs, political weight in the international circles, and the ability to make independent decisions, Apollinary Petrovich Butenev adequately and successfully represented the interests of his homeland in the crucial period when the Russian Empire formulated and implemented its concept of the Eastern policy.

On the issues of influence of the Armenian and Georgian diasporas of Kizlyar on the economic, cultural and educational life of the city in the first half of the 19th century

2021 ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
Abidat A. Gazieva ◽  
Magomed M. Gasanov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The North ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Economic Specialization ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

The work examines the socio-economic and cultural development of Kizlyar and the adjacent villages in the context of the national policy pursued in the city by the tsarist administration in the period 20-60s of 19th century. The main research method used in the work is the narrative method, as well as adherence to the principles of comprehensiveness and consistency of historical knowledge of the research issue. Archival materials and available literature are used as the main research base. We make an attempt, on the basis of available sources and literature, a detailed analysis of the contribution of the Armenian and Georgian diasporas to the economic and educa-tional activities in the Kizlyar region. We show the leading role of the Armenian and Georgian merchants in the process of involving the region (a number of cities in the North-Eastern Cauca-sus) into the trade and economic space of the Russian Empire. The work reveals the trade and economic specialization of the city’s diasporas, which later became the basis of industrial production in Kizlyar. We also highlight the issue of educational activities of the Armenian diaspora, the emergence of the first private schools founded by the Armenian community of the city of Kizlyar. The work shows, using the example of the activities of representatives of the Armenian and Georgian diasporas, the process of civil colonization of the region – as the main method for bringing closer relations between the centre and the outskirts.

scholarly journals Foreigners in the Provincial City: Documents of the Smolensk City Duma of the First Half of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 1201-1214
Author(s):  
Anastasia V. Tikhonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
City Government ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
Provincial City ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

The article reviews decisions of the city government regarding foreigners: consideration of petitions to be ascribed to burgers or merchants (of those who had already taken citizenship of the Russian Empire); evaluation of urban real estate; collection of taxes. The study is based on documents of the fond of the Smolensk City Duma from the State Archive of the Smolensk Region. Despite some losses (materials prior 1812 are not preserved in the fond), the archival documents highlight various issues of provincial city life. The author gives instances of the former prisoners of 1812 war or the so-called “immigrants from abroad” (those who had taken citizenship of the Russian Empire) being ascribed to Smolensk burgers. The law exempted former prisoners of war from all burger taxes and duties for 10 years and “immigrants from abroad” for 6 years. Materials of the Smolensk City Duma name foreigners among Smolensk artisans and merchants, doctors and pharmacists of gubernia level. They had property in the city and paid taxes. Some were well respected and were elected to city Duma or administration. Documents of the archival fond allow the researcher to learn family circumstances that influenced the fates of foreigners living in Smolensk in the first half of the 19th century. The number of foreigners in the provincial city was insignificant and tended to decrease. However, the author points out that statistics included only those who retained citizenship of their native country, not taking into account foreigners who accepted Russian citizenship. Documents of the Smolensk City Duma show that they were quite numerous. However, presence of foreign-born individuals in the daily life of the gubernia city became commonplace.

scholarly journals Marriage and Family Relations in Ryabinov’s Denomination in the First Half of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Artem Krestyaninov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Ceremonial Life ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

Ryabinov’s denomination in historiography is a poorly studied Old Believers’ movement. It was spread in Kazan, Orenburg and Perm provinces of the Russian Empire. The only full-fledged article dedicated to their ritual life was written in the 19th century by professor of the Kazan Theological Academy N.I. Ivanovsky. Archival investigative cases about the Ryabinovites testify to their variety of religious life in the 1830s and 1850s. During the reign of Nicholas I, the authorities sought to strengthen disciplinary control over the Orthodox parish and to identify the “formal” Orthodox, who actually belonged to other religious communities. These measures would lead to a crisis in the relationship between the secular and spiritual authorities and Old Believers’ communities and to the heyday of investigative cases related to the apostasy of Orthodox parishioners split. Under these conditions, there is a confessionalization of the Old Believers’ denomination among the Rabinovites, aimed at separating their own community from the rest of the Orthodox parishioners and representatives of other Old Believers’ consent. Before the reign of Nicholas I, the Ryabinovites, like a number of other representatives of Old Believers’ denominations, were baptized and married in Orthodox parish churches. Thus, the authorities regarded them as “official” Orthodox. In the process of investigation, the ceremonial life of the Ryabinovites, in particular baptism and marriage, began to change dramatically. The work will show how Ryabinovites, abandoning any contact with the Orthodox Church, began to more actively perform their own rites of baptism and marriage.

scholarly journals Formular Lists as a Source for the Study of the Social Portrait of Mayor First Half of the 19th Century (on the Example of the City of Verkhneudinsk, Transbaikal Region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
R. A. Evtekhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City ◽  
City Police

The article analyzes the basic information about the governors of the city of Verkhneudinsk, extracted from previously unpublished formular lists. The purpose of the article is to clarify the most general, characteristic portrait of individuals appointed to the position of mayor of Verkhneudinsk based on the use of formular lists. The work used micro-historical and anthropological research methods. The formal lists of the governors of Verkhneudinsk and the data given in them are analyzed in detail. The information revealed by the author was compared with the data of the western regions of the Russian Empire, on the basis of which conclusions were drawn about the presence of a certain specificity in the policy of recruiting the leadership of the city police on the eastern outskirts of the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals INCLUSION OF GEORGIA INTO THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND PRESERVATION OF LOCAL LEGISLATION

ASJ. ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (56) ◽  
pp. 60-62
Author(s):  
M. Meskhishvili-Pruidze
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Large Period ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The topic of Georgia's inclusion in the Russian Empire is especially relevant, since the relationship between two historical neighbors today it is tense and it is necessary to especially carefully study the historical vicissitudes in order to realize the prospect of their future development. The article concerns the civil code of Russia and Georgia, the adaptation of the Georgian code of laws and the Code of King Vakhtang with all-Russian legislation. The authors consider a large period and cover the relationship between Russia and Georgia during the reign of Peter the First, Catherine the Second, Paul the First, Alexander the First and Alexander the Second. The authors analyze the process of systematization of the all-Russian legislation of 1826-1832 and the adoption of the Civil Code, which prompted local and central administrations to unify private and general imperial law. The authors investigate the use of Georgian civil law in private law relations in the Caucasus in the 19th century.

scholarly journals Belém dos Imigrantes: espanhóis na capital paraense (1890-1920)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Aline De Kássia Malcher Lima
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
De Se ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
City Memory ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Este artigo busca abordar a relação entre os imigrantes espanhóis e a cidade de Belém a partir da intervenção destes no cotidiano da cidade. Desde a segunda metade do século XIX, o Pará passou a receber expressivos contingentes de imigrantes, entre os quais os espanhóis representam o segundo maior contingente de imigrantes que deram entrada no Estado. Alguns números indicam a presença de 16.000 espanhóis em Belém entre 1890 e 1916, assim surgindo a necessidade de se unirem na criação e manutenção de centros associativos, demonstrando uma intensa rede de sociabilidade e solidariedade com seus conterrâneos. Por fim, foi possível construir tendências de espacialidades destes imigrantes, que residiam e construíram suas redes de solidariedade em áreas ligadas as atividades comerciais nos bairros mais antigos da capital paraense.Palavras-chaves: Imigrantes; Espanhóis; Cidade; Memória.AbstractThis article seeks to address the relationship between Spanish immigrants and the city of Belém from their intervention in the daily life of the city. From the second half of the 19th century Pará began to receive significant contingents of immigrants, including the Spanish, which represented the second largest contingent of immigrants who entered the state. Some figures indicate the presence of 16,000 Spaniards in Belém between 1890 and 1916. Thus the Spaniards had to unite in the creation and maintenance of associative centers, which denoted an intense network of sociability and solidarity with their countrymen. Throughout the research, it was possible to build spatial tendencies of these immigrants: sometimes they lived and built their solidarity networks in areas linked to commercial activities in the older neighborhoods of the capital of Pará.Keywords: Immigrants; Spanish; City; Memory.

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