Paediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes: incidence, clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features

Objective: Changing trends in multiple sclerosis (MS) epidemiology may first be apparent in the childhood population affected with first onset acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADSs). We aimed to determine the incidence, clinical, investigative and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of childhood central nervous system ADSs in the British Isles for the first time. Methods: We conducted a population active surveillance study. All paediatricians, and ophthalmologists ( n = 4095) were sent monthly reporting cards (September 2009–September 2010). International Paediatric MS Study Group 2007 definitions and McDonald 2010 MS imaging criteria were used for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Clinicians completed a standard questionnaire and provided an MRI copy for review. Results: Card return rates were 90%, with information available for 200/222 positive notifications (90%). After exclusion of cases, 125 remained (age range 1.3–15.9), with CIS in 66.4%, ADEM in 32.0% and NMO in 1.6%. The female-to-male ratio in children older than 10 years ( n = 63) was 1.52:1 ( p = 0.045). The incidence of first onset ADS in children aged 1–15 years old was 9.83 per million children per year (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.18–11.71). A trend towards higher incidence rates of ADS in children of South Asian and Black ethnicity was observed compared with White children. Importantly, a number of MRI characteristics distinguished ADEM from CIS cases. Of CIS cases with contrast imaging, 26% fulfilled McDonald 2010 MS diagnostic criteria. Conclusions: We report the highest surveillance incidence rates of childhood ADS. Paediatric MS diagnosis at first ADS presentation has implications for clinical practice and clinical trial design.

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Prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging features in low-grade gliomas

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20190544 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liang Deng ◽

Liangfang Shen ◽

Lin Shen ◽

Zhao Zhao ◽

Yingpeng Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Low Grade ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mr Images ◽

Low Grade Gliomas ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Mri Features

AbstractIntroduction: The treatment strategy for low-grade gliomas (LGGs) is still controversial, and there are no standardized criteria to predict the prognosis of patients with LGGs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a routine test for preoperative diagnosis for LGG and can reflect the destructive features for the tumor. In the present study, we aimed to explore the relationship between the MRI features and prognosis in patients with LGG.Methods: Clinical data of 80 patients with pathologically proved LGGs between January 2010 and December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. MRI features were classified as contrast enhancement pattern (focal enhancement, diffuse enhancement and ring-like enhancement), necrosis and cysts based on the preoperative MR images. Kaplan–Meier method and multivariate analysis were performed on the data by SPSS software to explore the prognostic significance of MRI features.Results: Patients with cystic LGG had a significantly longer 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) than that with no cyst (90.9 ± 8.7 vs 65.7 ± 9.1%, P=0.045). Multivariate analysis further verified cyst as an independent prognosis factor for PFS (P=0.027, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.084). Additionally, patients with ring-like enhancement exhibited significantly longer 5-year PFS time in the Kaplan–Meier survival curves (100 vs 67.2 ± 7.7%, P=0.049). There was no significant difference in PFS and overall survival (OS) between patients with or without necrosis.Conclusion: Our study suggests that cyst formation and ring-like enhancement on preoperative MR images can be useful to predict a favorable prognosis in patients with LGGs.

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1.5 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Canine Intracranial Intra-axial Hematomas

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.778320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

James Whitlock ◽

Andrew Holdsworth ◽

Carles Morales ◽

Laurent Garosi ◽

Inés Carrera

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Contrast Enhancement ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Border Region ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Mri Features ◽

Mri Study

The differentiation of solitary intra-axial hematomas from hemorrhagic neoplasms based on their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features is challenging. The treatment and prognosis for these two disease entities are vastly different and distinction between them is often based on MRI findings alone. The aim of this study was to describe the 1.5 tesla MRI features of canine intra-axial hematomas and correlate these findings with the evolution of hemorrhages described in human brains. Retrospective evaluation of patient details, clinical signs, and MRI findings of dogs with intra-axial hematomas that were histopathologically confirmed or determined via repeat MRI study and/or resolution of neurological signs. Ten dogs met the inclusion criteria. All 10 hematoma lesions were determined to be 2–7 days in age. On MRI, all 10 hemorrhagic lesions were comprised of two distinct regions; a relatively thin T1-weighted (T1W), T2-weighted (T2W) and gradient echo (GRE) hypointense (9/10) peripheral border region and a large central region that was heterogenous but predominantly T1W, T2W and GRE hyperintense (8/10). The peripheral border region was complete in its integrity in all 10 cases on T2W and GRE sequences. Contrast enhancement was present in (6/10) hematoma lesions and was always peripheral in nature with no evidence of central enhancement associated with any of the lesions. An intra-axial hematoma should be suspected in solitary hemorrhagic space occupying lesions that have a complete hypointense peripheral rim, elicit a peripheral contrast enhancement pattern, and display the expected temporal pattern of hematoma evolution.

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Extrahepatic Alveolar Echinococcus on Multi-slice Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

10.21203/rs.3.rs-135974/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Guo Hui ◽

Wenya Liu ◽

Jian Wang ◽

Yan Xing

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Computed Tomography ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Adrenal Gland ◽

Kappa Statistics ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Features ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

The Brain

Abstract Background. Alveolar echinococcus (AE) is a severe health problem in endemic areas. In recent years, the incidence of this disease in China has been increasing. The study was designed to illustrate the multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of extrahepatic AE.Methods. A cohort of 33 patients who suffered from extrahepatic AE was enrolled consecutively from January 2012 to December 2017. The MSCT and MRI features of extrahepatic AE were recorded and analyzed by experienced radiologists. The MSCT and MRI agreements for detecting imaging features of extrahepatic AE were calculated using kappa statistics.Results. All cases secondary to hepatic AE, except two primary extrahepatic AE, were found in this study. Locations of extrahepatic AE included 19 (57.6%) lung, 10 (30.3%) adrenal gland, 9 (27.3%) brain, 5 (15.2%) peritoneal cavity, 5 (15.2%) spleen, 4 (12.1%) diaphragm, 3 (9.1%) kidney, 3 (9.1%) retroperitoneal, and 2 (6.1%) vertebra; Involvement of 1 (3.0%) heart, 1 (3.0%) mediastinum, 1 (3.0%) muscle, and 1 (3.0%) pancreas was rare. AE of the lung usually appeared as irregular and scattered nodules with small vacuoles or cavities inside and peripheral distribution. Multiple cerebral nodules with calcification and surrounding edema were the most common features seen in brain AE. Adrenal gland AE presented as plaques containing different sizes of hypodense areas and different amounts of calcification. Injection of contrast medium showed no enhancement of lesions except in the brain. Very good agreements were seen between MSCT and MR for detecting number (κ=0.841, p=0.000), border (κ=0.911, p=0.000) and size (κ=0.864, p=0.000) of extrahepatic AE.Conclusions. MSCT and MRI are reliable imaging methods for the diagnosis of extrahepatic AE. When one AE patient is clinically confirmed, MSCT scan from the head to pelvis should be performed to exclude other organs AE.

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Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Reversible Splenial Lesion Syndrome in Adults: A Small Case Series

European Neurology ◽

10.1159/000505019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 82 (4-6) ◽

pp. 86-92

Author(s):

Wen Xu ◽

Yan Zhou ◽

Yan Jiang ◽

Li Zhang ◽

Qiqiang Tang

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Case Series ◽

Cell Number ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Splenial Lesion ◽

Mri Features ◽

Reversible Splenial Lesion Syndrome

Background: To study clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) in adult patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using clinical, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), laboratory results, and neuroimaging data obtained from 6 adult RESLES patients. Results: All 6 patients (3 male cases, 3 female cases) were determined to be acute or subacute onset, most of them associated with infection or fever. All initial MRI data exhibited splenium of corpus callosum lesions with hypointensity on T1WI, hyperintensity on T2WI, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and Flair, without significant gadolinium enhancement. Five patients were treated with glucocorticoids and showed significant improvement in 1–15 days, with the lesion having disappeared or weakened, and one case was lost of follow-up. The cell number and protein amount in CSF were determined to be at normal levels, or slightly increased in 3 patients with thyroid dysfunction. Conclusion: The etiology of adult RESLES was observed to be complex and diverse, primarily related to infection, fever, and thyroid dysfunction. DWI was found to be more sensitive in these lesions, and CSF cytology was observed to be either normal or mildly abnormal. A majority of patients were found to be sensitive to glucocorticoid, and have a good prognosis with lesions that disappeared rapidly.

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Vaginal masses: magnetic resonance imaging features with pathologic correlation

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1080/02841850701552926 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 48 (8) ◽

pp. 921-933 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

K. M. Elsayes ◽

V. R. Narra ◽

J. R. Dillman ◽

V. Velcheti ◽

O. Hameed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Mr Imaging ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pelvic Mri ◽

Mri Features ◽

Cross Sectional Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The detection of vaginal lesions has increased with the expanding use of cross-sectional imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—with its high-contrast resolution and multiplanar capabilities—is often useful for characterizing vaginal masses. Vaginal masses can be classified as congenital, inflammatory, cystic (benign), and neoplastic (benign or malignant) in etiology. Recognition of the typical MR imaging features of such lesions is important because it often determines the treatment approach and may obviate surgery. Finally, vaginal MR imaging can be used to evaluate post-treatment changes related to previous surgery and radiation therapy. In this article, we will review pertinent vaginal anatomy, vaginal and pelvic MRI technique, and the MRI features of a variety of vaginal lesions with pathological correlation.

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Placental adhesion disorder: magnetic resonance imaging features and a proposal for a structured report

Radiologia Brasileira ◽

10.1590/0100-3984.2019.0037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 329-336

Author(s):

Thais Coura Figueiredo Agostini ◽

Reginaldo Figueiredo ◽

Gisele Warmbrand ◽

Ulysses Santos Torres ◽

Hanna Rafaela Ferreira Dalla Pria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Placenta Accreta ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽

Uterine Wall ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Features ◽

Line Imaging

Abstract Placental adhesion disorder encompasses the various types of abnormal placentation that occur when the chorionic villi penetrate the uterine wall. Placenta accreta has become more common, mainly because of the increasing rates of cesarean section. Although ultrasound is the first-line imaging modality for evaluation of the placenta, it plays a limited role in cases of posterior placenta accreta and inconclusive findings. In such cases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is indicated, mainly because it is a more accurate means of identifying placental invasion of extrauterine structures in high-risk pregnant women. In this review article, we present the ten major and minor MRI features of placental adhesion disorder, as described in the international literature. In addition, we propose a template for structured reports of MRI examinations of the placenta. We have also devised a guided questionnaire in order to identify risk factors in patients scheduled to undergo such examinations, with the objective of facilitating the multidisciplinary treatment planning needed in order to minimize maternal morbidity and mortality.

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Atypical magnetic resonance imaging features and differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060520943415 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

pp. 030006052094341

Author(s):

Shuang-Yu Wang ◽

Lei Yin ◽

Chen Wang ◽

Ming-Ping Ma

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Central Star ◽

High Signal ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Features ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objective Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the liver. We aimed to summarize and analyze the atypical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of HCC to improve its diagnostic accuracy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed MRI data for 66 patients with HCC with atypical MRI features confirmed by operation and pathology. Results Twelve patients had high signals and 18 patients had significant decreases in opposed phase signals in T1WI plain scans. Nine patients had high signals and six patients had large cystic lesions in apparent diffusion coefficient images. Dynamic enhancement showed progressive enhancement in 15 patients, ring enhancement in three, irregular patchy enhancement in three, ‘nodule-in-nodule’ enhancement in six, delayed central patchy enhancement in six, delayed central ‘star-like aristate scars’ (T2WI revealed high signal intensity) in 21, and poor blood supply in three patients. Conclusions MRI can make a clear diagnosis of typical HCC, and atypical cases can also be distinguished from other tumors or tumor-like lesions by MRI. The analysis of atypical signs may improve the diagnostic accuracy of MRI for HCC.

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A case review of the MRI features in alternating Tolosa–Hunt syndrome

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1111/j.1468-2982.2009.02018.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (9) ◽

pp. 1133-1136 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

BVS Guedes ◽

AJ da Rocha ◽

HB Zuppani ◽

CJ da Silva ◽

WL Sanvito

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Case Review ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Hunt Syndrome ◽

Mri Features ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Mri Study

Tolosa–Hunt syndrome (THS) consists of a painful ophthalmoplegia with typical features in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The recurring nature of this affliction has been known since its first description. However, compromise of the contralateral cavernous sinus, known as alternating THS, is very rare and has never been examined using MRI. We report clinical data, laboratory data and imaging features of a patient with alternating THS. According to our literature review, this is the first MRI study of THS.

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