Gut microbiome and pediatric multiple sclerosis

Half of our cells and only 1 in 100 of our genes are human; the rest comprise microbes, termed the human microbiota. Over 90% of these microbes live in the large intestine. Aside from aiding food digestion, these diverse microbes can also synthesize essential vitamins or amino acids, educate and modulate the immune system response, and influence susceptibility or resistance to infections. Their potential to influence neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS) is intriguing. The overarching goal of this Americas Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ACTRIMS) presentation was to provide a high-level insight into gut microbiota’s potential role in pediatric MS. Two specific questions were also addressed based on published work: (1) Does the gut microbiota differ between children with and without MS? and (2) Is the gut microbiota associated with future relapse risk?

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Influence of dietary protein on Dahl salt-sensitive hypertension: a potential role for gut microbiota

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00399.2017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 315 (5) ◽

pp. R907-R914 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Justine M. Abais-Battad ◽

David L. Mattson

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Renal Damage ◽

Potential Role ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Maternal Environment ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Salt Sensitive Hypertension ◽

The Relationship ◽

Insight Into

High blood pressure affects 1.39 billion adults across the globe and is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. Hypertension is a multifaceted disease with known genetic and environmental factors contributing to its progression. Our studies utilizing the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat have demonstrated the remarkable influence of dietary protein and maternal environment on the development of hypertension and renal damage in response to high salt. There is growing interest in the relationship between the microbiome and hypertension, with gut dysbiosis being correlated to a number of pathologies. This review summarizes the current literature regarding the interplay among dietary protein, the gut microbiota, and hypertension. These studies may provide insight into the effects we have observed between diet and hypertension in Dahl SS rats and, we hope, lead to new perspectives where potential dietary interventions or microbiota manipulations could serve as plausible therapies for hypertension.

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Correction for Gao et al., Chronic stress promotes colitis by disturbing the gut microbiota and triggering immune system response

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1806622115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 115 (19) ◽

pp. E4542-E4542 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Chronic Stress ◽

System Response ◽

Immune System Response

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Associations between the gut microbiota and host immune markers in pediatric multiple sclerosis and controls

BMC Neurology ◽

10.1186/s12883-016-0703-3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Helen Tremlett ◽

◽

Douglas W. Fadrosh ◽

Ali A. Faruqi ◽

Janace Hart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Immune Markers ◽

Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis

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Gut Microbiota and Mucosal Immunity in the Neonate

Medical Sciences ◽

10.3390/medsci6030056 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Majda Dzidic ◽

Alba Boix-Amorós ◽

Marta Selma-Royo ◽

Alex Mira ◽

Maria Collado

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

System Response ◽

Delivery Mode ◽

Complex Dynamic ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Gut Immunity ◽

Microbe Interactions ◽

Immune System Response ◽

Host Microbe Interactions

Gut microbiota colonization is a complex, dynamic, and step-wise process that is in constant development during the first years of life. This microbial settlement occurs in parallel with the maturation of the immune system, and alterations during this period, due to environmental and host factors, are considered to be potential determinants of health-outcomes later in life. Given that host–microbe interactions are mediated by the immune system response, it is important to understand the close relationship between immunity and the microbiota during birth, lactation, and early infancy. This work summarizes the evidence to date on early gut microbiota colonization, and how it influences the maturation of the infant immune system and health during the first 1000 days of life. This review will also address the influence of perinatal antibiotic intake and the importance of delivery mode and breastfeeding for an appropriate development of gut immunity.

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The Gut Microbiota and Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: Recent Findings

Neurotherapeutics ◽

10.1007/s13311-017-0574-3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 102-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Helen Tremlett ◽

Emmanuelle Waubant

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis

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Is Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis a Predictor of Increased Susceptibility to Poor Outcome of COVID-19 Patients? An Update

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9010053 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Carolina Ferreira ◽

Sofia D. Viana ◽

Flávio Reis

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Microflora ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

System Response ◽

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽

Immune System Response ◽

Poor Outcomes ◽

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis ◽

Increased Susceptibility

The scientific knowledge already attained regarding the way severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects human cells and the clinical manifestations and consequences for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, especially the most severe cases, brought gut microbiota into the discussion. It has been suggested that intestinal microflora composition plays a role in this disease because of the following: (i) its relevance to an efficient immune system response; (ii) the fact that 5–10% of the patients present gastrointestinal symptoms; and (iii) because it is modulated by intestinal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (which is the virus receptor). In addition, it is known that the most severely affected patients (those who stay longer in hospital, who require intensive care, and who eventually die) are older people with pre-existing cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, and pulmonary diseases, the same people in which the prevalence of gut microflora dysbiosis is higher. The COVID-19 patients presenting poor outcomes are also those in which the immune system’s hyperresponsiveness and a severe inflammatory condition (collectively referred as “cytokine storm”) are particularly evident, and have been associated with impaired microbiota phenotype. In this article, we present the evidence existing thus far that may suggest an association between intestinal microbiota composition and the susceptibility of some patients to progress to severe stages of the disease.

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POTENTIAL ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN OBESITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Pakistan Heart Journal ◽

10.47144/phj.v54i3.2129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 207-213

Author(s):

Sana Ashiq ◽

Kanwal Ashiq

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Potential Role ◽

Immune Homeostasis ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

The Past ◽

Dietary Components ◽

Insight Into

From the past several decades to the present, obesity and cardiovascular diseases emerge as a major cause of mortality and morbidity, ultimately imposing a huge economic burden globally. In humans, a healthy gut microbiota metabolizes several indigestible dietary components which maintain host immune homeostasis, but an imbalanced host-microbiota is associated with various metabolic disorders including cardiovascular diseases and obesity. In this present review, we critically analyze the literature which provides better insight into the mechanistic link of gut microbiota with obesity and cardiovascular diseases. There is strong evidence that suggests the potential role of the gut microbiota in metabolic disorders including cardiovascular diseases and obesity. In addition, the different studies report that gut microbes can play a promising role in the management of obesity and the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In the future, multidisciplinary approaches and advancements in culturing and molecular biology techniques can provide us a better understanding.

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Chronic stress promotes colitis by disturbing the gut microbiota and triggering immune system response

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1720696115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 115 (13) ◽

pp. E2960-E2969 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Xinghua Gao ◽

Qiuhua Cao ◽

Yan Cheng ◽

Dandan Zhao ◽

Zhuo Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Chronic Stress ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

System Response ◽

Stat3 Signaling ◽

Mucin 2 ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Immune System Response

Chronic stress is known to promote inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the underlying mechanism remains largely unresolved. Here, we found chronic stress to sensitize mice to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis; to increase the infiltration of B cells, neutrophils, and proinflammatory ly6Chi macrophages in colonic lamina propria; and to present with decreased thymus and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) coefficients. Circulating total white blood cells were significantly increased after stress, and the proportion of MLN-associated immune cells were largely changed. Results showed a marked activation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling by stress. The detrimental action of stress was not terminated in IL-6−/− mice. Interestingly, the composition of gut microbiota was dramatically changed after stress, with expansion of inflammation-promoting bacteria. Furthermore, results showed stress-induced deficient expression of mucin-2 and lysozyme, which may contribute to the disorder of gut microbiota. Of note is that, in the case of cohousing, the stress-induced immune reaction and decreased body weight were abrogated, and transferred gut microbiota from stressed mice to control mice was sufficient to facilitate DSS-induced colitis. The important role of gut microbiota was further reinforced by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Taken together, our results reveal that chronic stress disturbs gut microbiota, triggering immune system response and facilitating DSS-induced colitis.

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