scholarly journals Influence of dietary protein on Dahl salt-sensitive hypertension: a potential role for gut microbiota

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (5) ◽  
pp. R907-R914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine M. Abais-Battad ◽  
David L. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Salt Sensitive Hypertension ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

High blood pressure affects 1.39 billion adults across the globe and is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. Hypertension is a multifaceted disease with known genetic and environmental factors contributing to its progression. Our studies utilizing the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat have demonstrated the remarkable influence of dietary protein and maternal environment on the development of hypertension and renal damage in response to high salt. There is growing interest in the relationship between the microbiome and hypertension, with gut dysbiosis being correlated to a number of pathologies. This review summarizes the current literature regarding the interplay among dietary protein, the gut microbiota, and hypertension. These studies may provide insight into the effects we have observed between diet and hypertension in Dahl SS rats and, we hope, lead to new perspectives where potential dietary interventions or microbiota manipulations could serve as plausible therapies for hypertension.

scholarly journals Inflammatory macrophages in the kidney contribute to salt-sensitive hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. F544-F548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Fehrenbach ◽  
David L. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Renal Damage ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Pyrin Domain ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotype ◽  
Inflammatory Macrophages ◽  
Salt Sensitive Hypertension ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hyperosmotic Environment ◽  
Receptor Family

This review will highlight recent studies that have investigated the relationship between Na+, renal macrophage polarization, and renal damage. A hyperosmotic environment drives the macrophage toward a proinflammatory phenotype and away from an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Animal models of salt-sensitive hypertension demonstrate a characteristic infiltration of macrophages into the kidney that is greatly reduced when blood pressure is lowered. Because general immunosuppression or macrophage depletion leads to a host of adverse side effects, more recent studies have modulated the interaction of specific signaling molecules, including NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16, and VEGF, to prevent the end-organ renal damage that accumulates in salt-sensitive disease.

Abstract P174: Sex Differences In The Pro-hypertensive Effect Of Carnitine, The Precursor Of Gut-derived Metabolite TMAO

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine M Abais-Battad ◽  
John Henry Dasinger ◽  
David L Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Gut Inflammation ◽  
Reduced Salt ◽  
Salt Sensitive Hypertension

Recent evidence reports sexually divergent mechanisms that differentially drive the severity of hypertension. Our data show that female Dahl Salt-Sensitive (SS) rats are significantly protected from salt-induced hypertension and renal injury and have stark differences in gut microbiota composition compared to males. Gut-derived metabolites are increasingly being recognized as mechanistic links between the gut microbiota and hypertension. One such metabolite is trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which is derived from the bacterial metabolism of carnitine and is gaining notoriety for its role in cardiovascular disease. Metabolomics analysis in high salt-fed SS rats revealed a trend for increased TMAO (1.3-fold, p=0.11) in the serum of males compared to females (n=6). TMAO appears to be specifically derived from gut bacteria since oral antibiotic treatment nearly eliminated circulating TMAO levels in both males and females (99.3% and 88.9% reduction, respectively; p<0.001). Interestingly, antibiotic treatment reduced salt-sensitive hypertension in males but not females. There was also a corresponding increase in the TMAO precursor carnitine (1.9-fold, p<0.01) in the serum of males versus females. Thus, we hypothesized that administration of carnitine (400 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water would exacerbate salt-sensitive hypertension, renal damage, and gut inflammation in male and female SS rats challenged with high salt (4% NaCl). There was a trend for carnitine treatment to exacerbate mean arterial pressure in both males (160±9 vs 146±2 mmHg, n=4-6, p=0.22) and females (155±6 vs 139±2 mmHg, n=2, p=0.14) compared to vehicle. Despite elevated pressure in both sexes, carnitine-treated males exhibited greater increases in albuminuria (340±136 vs 194±29 mg/day, carnitine vs vehicle, p=0.28) than females (55±33 vs 26±5 mg/day). Carnitine treatment also significantly increased the number of CD3+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria (24.3±6.0 vs 2.4±0.5 x 10 6 cells/g tissue, n=5, p<0.05) of male rats compared to vehicle. Together, these data identify gut microbiota-mediated carnitine/TMAO metabolism as a potentially detrimental pathway that promotes greater salt-sensitivity, renal damage, and gut inflammation in males versus females.

Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in Traditional Chinese Medicine against COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Qiao Zhang ◽  
Shijun Yue ◽  
Wenxiao Wang ◽  
Yanyan Chen ◽  
Chongbo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Ephedra Sinica ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Basic Experiments

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads and rages around the world and threatens human life. It is disappointing that there are no specific drugs until now. The combination of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medication seems to be the current more effective treatment strategy for COVID-19 patients in China. In this review, we mainly discussed the relationship between COVID-19 and gut microbiota (GM), as well as the possible impact of TCM combined with western medication on GM in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, aiming to provide references for the possible role of GM in TCM against COVID-19. The available data suggest that GM dysbiosis did occur in COVID-19 patients, and the intervention of GM could ameliorate the clinical condition of COVID-19 patients. In addition, TCMs (e.g., Jinhua Qinggan granule, Lianhua Qingwen capsule, Qingfei Paidu decoction, Shufeng Jiedu capsule, Qingjin Jianghuo decoction, Toujie Quwen granules, and MaxingShigan) have been proven to be safe and effective for the treatment of COVID-19 in Chinese clinic. Among them, Ephedra sinica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Bupleurum chinense, Lonicera japonica,Scutellaria baicalensi, and Astragalus membranaceus are common herbs and have a certain regulation on GM, immunity, and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Notably, Qingfei Paidu decoction and MaxingShigan have been demonstrated to modulate GM. Finally, the hypothesis of GM-mediated TCM treatment of COVID-19 is proposed, and more clinical trials and basic experiments need to be initiated to confirm this hypothesis.

The Importance of Religion for the Evaluation of Everyday Ecological Decisions by German Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Altmeyer ◽  
Daniel Dreesmann
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
School Students ◽  
Religion And Ecology ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Although previous research has addressed the relationship between religion and ecology in a variety of ways, little is known concerning how religious orientation affects concrete everyday ecological decisions, although these are centrally important for environmental education. Being interested in elucidating the preconditions of ecological learning in Biology and Religious Education in schools, the authors have developed an approach based on maximum concretion with regard to the ecological decision in which the influence of religion should be evaluated. With this goal in mind, they conducted an empirical study among secondary school students in central Western Germany (N = 815), who were confronted with an everyday ecological dilemma and asked about their reasons for evaluating this situation. The results provide insight into the potential role of German young people’s religious orientations in ecological matters and call for a decisive profiling of how cross-disciplinary education can contribute to this key question for future.

scholarly journals Gut microbiome and pediatric multiple sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Tremlett ◽  
Emmanuelle Waubant
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
System Response ◽  
Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Immune System Response ◽  
Food Digestion ◽  
High Level ◽  
Insight Into

Half of our cells and only 1 in 100 of our genes are human; the rest comprise microbes, termed the human microbiota. Over 90% of these microbes live in the large intestine. Aside from aiding food digestion, these diverse microbes can also synthesize essential vitamins or amino acids, educate and modulate the immune system response, and influence susceptibility or resistance to infections. Their potential to influence neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS) is intriguing. The overarching goal of this Americas Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ACTRIMS) presentation was to provide a high-level insight into gut microbiota’s potential role in pediatric MS. Two specific questions were also addressed based on published work: (1) Does the gut microbiota differ between children with and without MS? and (2) Is the gut microbiota associated with future relapse risk?

scholarly journals POTENTIAL ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN OBESITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Sana Ashiq ◽  
Kanwal Ashiq
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Insight Into

From the past several decades to the present, obesity and cardiovascular diseases emerge as a major cause of mortality and morbidity, ultimately imposing a huge economic burden globally. In humans, a healthy gut microbiota metabolizes several indigestible dietary components which maintain host immune homeostasis, but an imbalanced host-microbiota is associated with various metabolic disorders including cardiovascular diseases and obesity. In this present review, we critically analyze the literature which provides better insight into the mechanistic link of gut microbiota with obesity and cardiovascular diseases. There is strong evidence that suggests the potential role of the gut microbiota in metabolic disorders including cardiovascular diseases and obesity. In addition, the different studies report that gut microbes can play a promising role in the management of obesity and the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In the future, multidisciplinary approaches and advancements in culturing and molecular biology techniques can provide us a better understanding.

scholarly journals Compositional and Functional Adaptations of Intestinal Microbiota and Related Metabolites in CKD Patients Receiving Dietary Protein Restriction

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2799
Author(s):  
I-Wen Wu ◽  
Chin-Chan Lee ◽  
Heng-Jung Hsu ◽  
Chiao-Yin Sun ◽  
Yuen-Chan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Secondary Bile Acid ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Dietary Protein Restriction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Serum Metabolomics

The relationship between change of gut microbiota and host serum metabolomics associated with low protein diet (LPD) has been unraveled incompletely in CKD patients. Fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing and serum metabolomics profiling were performed. We reported significant changes in the β-diversity of gut microbiota in CKD patients having LPD (CKD-LPD, n = 16). We identified 19 genera and 12 species with significant differences in their relative abundance among CKD-LPD patients compared to patients receiving normal protein diet (CKD-NPD, n = 27) or non-CKD controls (n = 34), respectively. CKD-LPD had a significant decrease in the abundance of many butyrate-producing bacteria (family Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidaceae) associated with enrichment of functional module of butanoate metabolism, leading to concomitant reduction in serum levels of SCFA (acetic, heptanoic and nonanoic acid). A secondary bile acid, glyco λ-muricholic acid, was significantly increased in CKD-LPD patients. Serum levels of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate did not differ among groups. The relationship between abundances of microbes and metabolites remained significant in subset of resampling subjects of comparable characteristics. Enrichment of bacterial gene markers related to D-alanine, ketone bodies and glutathione metabolism was noted in CKD-LPD patients. Our analyses reveal signatures and functions of gut microbiota to adapt dietary protein restriction in renal patients.

scholarly journals Renal nerves and leukocyte infiltration in the kidney during salt-sensitive hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (1) ◽  
pp. R182-R189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar J. Alsheikh ◽  
Hayley Lund ◽  
John Henry Dasinger ◽  
Justine M. Abais-Battad ◽  
Daniel J. Fehrenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Damage ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Leukocyte Infiltration ◽  
Renal Inflammation ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Salt Sensitive Hypertension ◽  
The Relationship

Based on previous studies suggesting a role of renal nerves in renal inflammation, the present studies were performed to test the hypothesis that renal nerves mediate renal damage in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) hypertension by increasing renal leukocyte infiltration. Experiments were performed in Dahl SS rats with bilateral renal denervation (RDN) and bilateral sham operation ( n = 10 or 11 per group) and with unilateral RDN and contralateral sham operation ( n = 10). After denervation, rats were switched from a low-salt 0.4% NaCl (LS) diet to a high-salt 4% NaCl (HS) diet and maintained on HS diet for 21 days. Bilateral RDN reduced the magnitude of hypertension assessed by radiotelemetry in Dahl SS rats compared with sham-operated rats (mean arterial pressure 140.9 ±4.8 mmHg and 159.7 ± 3.5 mmHg, respectively) and reduced proteinuria at day 21 of HS diet. However, assessment of renal leukocyte infiltration demonstrated no significant effect of bilateral RDN on the number of infiltrating leukocytes (RDN 3.6 ± 0.5 × 106 vs. sham operated 4.3 ± 0.3 × 106 CD45+ cells) or any of the subsets examined by flow cytometry. The unilateral RDN experiment showed no effect of RDN on the renal infiltration of leukocytes (RDN 6.5 ± 0.9 × 106 vs. sham operated 6.1 ± 1.1 × 106 CD45+ cells/kidney) or renal damage in RDN vs. sham-operated kidney after 21 days of HS diet. This work investigated the relationship between renal nerves and renal inflammation during Dahl SS hypertension. Contrary to our hypothesis, the results of this work suggest that immune cell infiltration in the kidney of Dahl SS rats is not mediated by the renal nerves.

Dietary Influences on the Dahl SS Rat Gut Microbiota and its effects on Salt‐Sensitive Hypertension and Renal Damage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine M. Abais‐Battad ◽  
Fatima L. Saravia ◽  
Hayley Lund ◽  
John Henry Dasinger ◽  
Daniel J. Fehrenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Salt Sensitive Hypertension ◽  
Rat Gut
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