Children’s anxious reactions to an invasive medical procedure: The role of medical and non-medical fears

Abstract Background: Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) are a frequent cause of hospitalization in children under 24 months of age. A history of prematurity or heart disease may be a risk factor for complications in patients hospitalized for VRI. The objective was to describe epidemiological data for children hospitalized for IRV and aged 1 to 24 months and to identify risk factors for the presence of in-hospital complications and mortality over a period of 5 years. Methods : This was a cross-sectional study. Patients registered with VRI codes B974, J12, J120-J129X, J168, J17, J171, J178, J20, J203-J209, J21, J210, J211, J218, J219 (based on International Classification of Diseases [ICD-10]) from 2013 to 2017 were included. Three subanalyses were performed to compare (1) patients with pathological history (prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD] and congenital heart disease [CHD]), (2) diagnoses (pneumonia, acute bronchitis, and acute bronchiolitis), and (3) admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. Days of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, invasive medical procedure and mortality were analyzed. Statistical analysis : VRI hospitalization prevalence was described. For comparison between groups, Student's t-test, ANOVA and the Chi2 test were applied. To identify factors related to days of hospital stay, in-hospital complications and mortality, a linear and logistic regression model was performed. Results: A total of 66,304 hospitalizations were reported. The average age was 14.7 weeks; hospitalization events were higher in winter (39%), followed by autumn (27.3%). A total of 371 (0.56%) patients died. A total of 7,068 (10.6%) hospitalized patients with pathological histories were identified. The presence of BPD (coefficient = 1.6), CHD (coefficient = 1.2), diagnosis of pneumonia (coefficient = 1.2), in-hospital complications (coefficient = 2.1) and invasive medical procedures (coefficient = 15.7) were the most common factors that increased the length of hospital stay. Risk factors for in-hospital complications and mortality were invasive medical procedure (OR = 3.3 & 11.7), BPD (OR=1.8 & 1.6), CHD (OR = 4.6 & 3.4) and diagnosis of pneumonia (OR= 1.8 & 4.2). Conclusions: Risk factors for morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized for VRIs are BPD and CHD, diagnosis of pneumonia and invasive medical procedure.

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Sedation as a technique to aid in the supportive examination for children with special needs

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol19no1.14184 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Risti Saptarini Primarti ◽

Arlette Suzy Puspa Pertiwi

Keyword(s):

Special Needs ◽

General Hospital ◽

Medical Professional ◽

Medical Procedure ◽

Medical Procedures ◽

Children With Special Needs ◽

Laboratory Examinations ◽

Patients With Special Needs ◽

Fear And Anxiety

Undergoing medical procedures often extremely distress people, especially patients with special needs. Supportive examinations, such as radiographic and laboratory examinations, as a part of medical procedure sometimes are impossible to be done in those patients, while we demand those tests for diagnostic and treatment reasons. A variety of techniques are available to the dental and medical professional to aid in the management of these patients regarding medical procedures, one of them is sedation. By eliminating patient’s fear and anxiety throughout sedation, all medical procedure including taking a supportive examination may be successfully completed. This paper will report the role of sedation as a technique to aid in the supportive examination for special needs child (Down’s syndrome) in Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java Indonesia.

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The Role of the Family Court in Medical Procedure Cases

Australian Journal of Human Rights ◽

10.1080/1323238x.1996.11910958 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 242-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alastair Nicholson ◽

Margaret Harrison ◽

Danny Sandor

Keyword(s):

Family Court ◽

Medical Procedure ◽

The Family

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Hospitalizations for viral respiratory infections in children under 2 years of age: epidemiology and in-hospital complications

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-020-02186-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jessie N. Zurita-Cruz ◽

Alejandro Gutierrez-Gonzalez ◽

Leticia Manuel-Apolinar ◽

José Esteban Fernández-Gárate ◽

María Luisa Arellano-Flores ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Medical Procedure ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Invasive Medical Procedure ◽

Viral Respiratory Infections ◽

Complications And Mortality ◽

Viral Respiratory

Abstract Background Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) are a frequent cause of hospitalization in children under 24 months of age. A history of prematurity or heart disease may be a risk factor for complications in patients hospitalized for VRI. The objective was to describe epidemiological data for children hospitalized for IRV and aged 1 to 24 months and to identify risk factors for the presence of in-hospital complications and mortality over a period of 5 years. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Patients registered with VRI codes B974, J12, J120-J129X, J168, J17, J171, J178, J20, J203-J209, J21, J210, J211, J218, J219 (based on International Classification of Diseases [ICD-10]) from 2013 to 2017 were included. Three subanalyses were performed to compare [1] patients with pathological history (prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD] and congenital heart disease [CHD]), [2] diagnoses (pneumonia, acute bronchitis, and acute bronchiolitis), and [3] admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. Days of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, invasive medical procedure and mortality were analyzed. Statistical analysis: VRI hospitalization prevalence was described. For comparison between groups, Student’s t-test, ANOVA and the Chi2 test were applied. To identify factors related to days of hospital stay, in-hospital complications and mortality, a linear and logistic regression model was performed. Results A total of 66,304 hospitalizations were reported. The average age was 14.7 weeks; hospitalization events were higher in winter (39%), followed by autumn (27.3%). A total of 371 (0.56%) patients died. A total of 7068 (10.6%) hospitalized patients with pathological histories were identified. The presence of BPD (coefficient = 1.6), CHD (coefficient = 1.2), diagnosis of pneumonia (coefficient = 1.2), in-hospital complications (coefficient = 2.1) and invasive medical procedures (coefficient = 15.7) were the most common factors that increased the length of hospital stay. Risk factors for in-hospital complications and mortality were invasive medical procedure (OR = 3.3 & 11.7), BPD (OR = 1.8 & 1.6), CHD (OR = 4.6 & 3.4) and diagnosis of pneumonia (OR = 1.8 & 4.2). Conclusions Risk factors for morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized for VRIs are BPD and CHD, diagnosis of pneumonia and invasive medical procedure.

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Features of fears expression among preschool children

Psychological-Pedagogical Journal GAUDEAMUS ◽

10.20310/1810-231x-2021-20-1(47)-94-100 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 94-100

Author(s):

Inessa V. Smolyarchuk ◽

Ekaterina D. Safonova ◽

Angelina S. Ivkina

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Confined Space ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Normative Development ◽

Role Of Parents ◽

Medical Fears

The emotional sphere is significant for the mental and social development of preschool children. We consider the main causes of children’s fears; the role of parents in their appearance and consolidation. We analyze the features of actual fears in preschool children with mental retardation and normative development. The empirical study (the ascertaining stage) was performed on a sample of 31 subjects (6–7 years old) using diagnostic tools such as: technique of “Choosing the Most Terrible Picture” (T. V. Lavrentiev), test “Fears in Houses” (modified by M.A. Panfilova), projective method “My Family”. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results allowed to identify 6 groups of dominant fears among preschool children: medical fears (fear of doctors, injections, blood, getting sick, getting infected), night fears (fear of being alone, terrible dreams, darkness), fear of natural disasters (fear of storms, hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, war, fire), specific fears (fear of darkness, height, depth, confined space, pain), social fears (fear of being late, parents, punishment, large areas), fear for their own lives and the lives of parents.

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Hypnosis Reduces Distress and Duration of an Invasive Medical Procedure for Children

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.2004-0818 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. e77-e85 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

Lisa D. Butler ◽

Barbara K. Symons ◽

Shelly L. Henderson ◽

Linda D. Shortliffe ◽

David Spiegel

Keyword(s):

Medical Procedure ◽

Invasive Medical Procedure

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The role of social support in the experience of abortion: A qualitative study of women’s personal accounts

Sociologija ◽

10.2298/soc2002171s ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 171-192

Author(s):

Milica Skocajic ◽

Biljana Stankovic

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽

Pregnancy Termination ◽

Significant Others ◽

Romantic Partners ◽

Phenomenological Analysis ◽

Medical Procedure ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Personal Accounts

Even though the experience of abortion is a relatively common experience among women in Serbia, personal accounts in relation to abortion are rarely examined. International findings show that having social support is crucial in coping with this experience. The main objective of this research was to examine the ways in which women rely on social support and the ways in which this shapes their experiences. After six semi-structured interviews with women who terminated their first pregnancy, their personal accounts were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The role of significant others remains important during the whole experience but with qualitative shifts throughout the phases. In the earliest phases, other people could be perceived as a double threat - they could cause the feeling of shame or be an obstacle in the pregnancy termination. During and after the medical procedure, the need for social support becomes stronger and more complex, although in some cases it remains unmet. Most prominent social figures are mothers and romantic partners. Participants with responsive and supportive social surroundings coped more easily than others whose support is nonexistent or overly normalizing. Research contribution of this study is the analysis of personal accounts of women who had abortion. Practical contribution is raisin awareness of the importance of legitimization of complex and ambiguous feelings during abortion, both by significant others and health psychologists.

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Smart Bio-Impedance-Based Sensor for Guiding Standard Needle Insertion

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s22020665 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 665

Author(s):

Ivan Kudashov ◽

Sergey Shchukin ◽

Mugeb Al-harosh ◽

Andrew Shcherbachev

Keyword(s):

Electrical Impedance ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Needle Insertion ◽

Electrode System ◽

Medical Procedure ◽

Peripheral Vascular ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Invasive Medical Procedure ◽

Time Parameters ◽

Tip Position

A venipuncture is the most common non-invasive medical procedure, and is frequently used with patients; however, a high probability of post-injection complications accompanies intravenous injection. The most common complication is a hematoma, which is associated with puncture of the uppermost and lowermost walls. To simplify and reduce complications of the venipuncture procedure, and as well as automation of this process, a device that can provide information of the needle tip position into patient’s tissues needs to be developed. This paper presents a peripheral vascular puncture control system based on electrical impedance measurements. A special electrode system was designed to achieve the maximum sensitivity for puncture identification using a traditional needle, which is usually used in clinical practice. An experimental study on subjects showed that the electrical impedance signal changed significantly once the standard needle entered the blood vessel. On basis of theoretical and experimental studies, a decision rule of puncture identification based on the analysis of amplitude-time parameters of experimental signals was proposed. The proposed method was tested on 15 test and 9 control samples, with the results showing that 97% accuracy was obtained.

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Child Life Specialists and Nonpharmacologic Interventions

The Pediatric Procedural Sedation Handbook ◽

10.1093/med/9780190659110.003.0055 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 367-380

Author(s):

Laura Mitchell ◽

Christine Tatem

Keyword(s):

Developmentally Appropriate ◽

Daily Practice ◽

Child Life ◽

Medical Procedure ◽

Parental Presence ◽

Child Life Specialists ◽

Age Appropriate ◽

The One ◽

Appropriate Education

This chapter discusses the role of the child life specialist in the multidisciplinary pediatric sedation team and the various nonpharmacologic techniques that may be used to attenuate the fear, anxiety, and pain responses of children undergoing procedural care. Child life specialists are an integral component of the sedation team. Their assessments can help the team develop a plan of care, and they offer insight into how to provide developmentally appropriate education as well as psychosocial and emotional support to pediatric patients and their families. Nonpharmacologic techniques that have been shown to be effective in reducing pain and anxiety for children undergoing medical procedure include setting up the environment, parental presence, positioning for comfort, and distraction. Considerations for infants are also discussed. The chapter includes a table of appropriate language to use with children and another with a summary of age-appropriate distraction techniques. The ONE VOICE© model is included as a reference for practitioners to use in daily practice.

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