scholarly journals The effect of chronic conditions and multi-morbidity on self-assessed health in Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 886-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kaneva ◽  
Christopher J. Gerry ◽  
Valerii Baidin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Self Assessed Health ◽  
The Impact

Aims: Chronic disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory diseases and diabetes, are the leading cause of mortality globally, representing 68% of all recorded deaths. The incidence of chronic disease and multiple chronic disease is rising across the world, but relatively little is known about the impact of multi-morbidities on the life experiences of those individuals who encounter them. In this paper, we examine and quantify the relationship between chronic illness, multi-morbidity and the individual self-assessed health of the Russian population using individual-level Russian data and a novel quantitative technique. Methods: We apply a partial proportional odds framework to a rich data set incorporating demographic, socio-economic and health indicators in Russia. Results: We find that individuals with chronic conditions report significantly lower levels of health than those without chronic conditions, but that the strength of the effect is much more pronounced for males than for females (e.g. neurological disease: odds ratio [OR]=4.81 for men; OR=1.86 for women)). As the number of co-morbidities increases, there is a dramatic decrease in the likelihood of reporting good health for both males and females, but for males there is a greater increase in the likelihood of reporting bad health (OR=49.31 for males with ≥5 diseases; OR=28.05 for females). Conclusions: More than 40% of Russians currently live with multi-morbidity, and this group is at the highest risk of reporting poor self-rated health. This research adds to the body of evidence demonstrating the challenges facing health-care systems as new patterns of disease take hold in contemporary society.

The Impact of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness on Health Indicators among Older Adults

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda S. Pescatello ◽  
Loretta DiPietro ◽  
Ann E. Fargo ◽  
Adrian M. Ostfeld ◽  
Ethan R. Nadel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
The Impact

The cross-sectional relationship between physical activity, physical fitness, and measures of resting hemodynamic function and adiposity was examined in 11 women and 14 men, all of whom were in good health (Mage = 69.3 yrs). Resting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) differed significantly by quartiles of both weekly energy expenditure and estimated VO2max. Subjects whose energy expenditure was above the 50th percentile had significantly lower DBP than less active subjects, independent of age, gender, and VO2max, whereas those above the 75th percentile of VO2max had lower DBP and mean arterial pressure compared to less fit subjects, independent of age, gender, and weekly energy expenditure. There were no significant differences in the body mass index or percent body fat by quartile of weekly energy expenditure or estimated VO2max in the multivariable analysis. Mean waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) differed by level of weekly energy expenditure, independent of age, gender, and VO2max; individuals who reported a threshold of energy expenditure ≥6,099 kcal/wk had less relative abdominal fat than those reporting less activity. There were no significant independent differences in mean WHR or the central-to-peripheral skinfold ratio between quartiles of VO2max.

scholarly journals Childlessness, Individual Socioeconomic Resources, and Health: Exploring Variation in 20 Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 515-516
Author(s):  
Nekehia Quashie ◽  
Christine Mair ◽  
Radoslaw Antczak ◽  
Bruno Arpino
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Socioeconomic Resources ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Childless older adults may be at risk for poorer health cross-nationally, yet most studies on this topic analyze only a small number of countries and only 1 or 2 health outcomes. To our knowledge, two papers exist that explore associations between childlessness and multiple indicators of health using data from a large number of regionally diverse countries (e.g., 20 countries from North America, Asia, and Europe), but neither study includes an examination of socioeconomic resources. The level of health risk faced by childless older adults is likely to be distinctly shaped by older adults’ socioeconomic resources (e.g., education, income, wealth). Associations between childlessness, socioeconomic resources, and health may also differ by country context. Using harmonized, cross-national data for adults aged 50 and older across 20 high- and middle-income countries (United States (HRS), European Union (SHARE), Mexico (MHAS), and China (CHARLS) from the Gateway to Global Aging data repository), we explore if and how individual-level socioeconomic resources (income, education, wealth) moderate associations between childlessness and five health indicators (self-rated health, ADL limitations, IADL limitations, chronic conditions, and depression). Results suggest that associations between childlessness and health outcomes vary by individual socioeconomic resources in some country contexts, but not in others. We discuss these findings in light of the impact of individual-level socioeconomic resources on older adults’ support options and health outcomes cross-nationally.

scholarly journals The impact of chronic disease and disability on the elderly

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
C. J. Eales
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Health care systems for elderly people should aim to delay the onset of illness, reducing the final period of infirmity and illness to the shortest possible time. The most effective way to achieve this is by health education and preventative medicine to maintain mobility and function. Changes in life style even in late life may result in improved health, effectively decreasing the incidence of chronic diseases associated with advancing age. This paper presents the problems experienced by elderly persons with chronic diseases and disabilities with indications for meaningful therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals The Impact of Customer Contact on Collective Human Energy in Firms

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-952
Author(s):  
Petra Kipfelsberger ◽  
Heike Bruch ◽  
Dennis Herhausen
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Customer Contact ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Human Energy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates how and when a firm’s level of customer contact influences the collective organizational energy. For this purpose, we bridge the literature on collective human energy at work with the job impact framework and organizational sensemaking processes and argue that a firm’s level of customer contact is positively linked to the collective organizational energy because a high level of customer contact might make the experience of prosocial impact across the firm more likely. However, as prior research at the individual level has indicated that customers could also deplete employees’ energy, we introduce transformational leadership climate as a novel contingency factor for this linkage at the organizational level. We propose that a medium to high transformational leadership climate is necessary to derive positive meaning from customer contact, whereas firms with a low transformational leadership climate do not get energized by customer contact. We tested the proposed moderated mediation model with multilevel modeling and a multisource data set comprising 9,094 employees and 75 key informants in 75 firms. The results support our hypotheses and offer important theoretical contributions for research on collective human energy in organizations and its interplay with customers.

scholarly journals Spoken words as biomarkers: using machine learning to gain insight into communication as a predictor of anxiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 929-933
Author(s):  
George Demiris ◽  
Kristin L Corey Magan ◽  
Debra Parker Oliver ◽  
Karla T Washington ◽  
Chad Chadwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Standardized Assessments ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Problem Solving Therapy ◽  
Audio Communication ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective The goal of this study was to explore whether features of recorded and transcribed audio communication data extracted by machine learning algorithms can be used to train a classifier for anxiety. Materials and Methods We used a secondary data set generated by a clinical trial examining problem-solving therapy for hospice caregivers consisting of 140 transcripts of multiple, sequential conversations between an interviewer and a family caregiver along with standardized assessments of anxiety prior to each session; 98 of these transcripts (70%) served as the training set, holding the remaining 30% of the data for evaluation. Results A classifier for anxiety was developed relying on language-based features. An 86% precision, 78% recall, 81% accuracy, and 84% specificity were achieved with the use of the trained classifiers. High anxiety inflections were found among recently bereaved caregivers and were usually connected to issues related to transitioning out of the caregiving role. This analysis highlighted the impact of lowering anxiety by increasing reciprocity between interviewers and caregivers. Conclusion Verbal communication can provide a platform for machine learning tools to highlight and predict behavioral health indicators and trends.

Water in Students’ Life and its Impact on their Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Grygoriy P. Griban ◽  
Olena V. Filatova ◽  
Anatolii I. Bosenko ◽  
Ganna V. Tamozhanska ◽  
Andrii M. Lytvynenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Quality ◽  
National University ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Aim: Is to study the role of water in the life of students and to investigate the impact of its quality on the health of students who did sports. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Polissya National University (Zhytomyr, Ukraine) in 2018-2020. Thus, 509 students between the ages of 17 and 23 who did not do sports and 317 student-athletes were surveyed. The level of students’ health was examined according to the methodology of G.L. Apanasenko. Results: It was found that the majority of students who did not do sport (97.5% of males and 96.7% of females) did not stick to the water consumption schedule, while 50.8% of males and 52.2% of females who did sport followed strict norms of the water consumption schedule to maintain water balance. According to most health indicators, students-athletes had better average values of the studied indicators than those students did not do sport. Conclusions: Water plays an important role in the lives of students and especially those students who do sport. High-quality water, sticking to water consumption schedule, especially during prolonged physical exercise and at high temperatures have a positive effect on the body and improve the health of students.

The Impact of an Inpatient Treatment on the Psychodynamic and Symptomatology in Couples Concordant for Substance Use: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aksel Hansen ◽  
Stefan Brokatzky ◽  
Benjamin Kraus ◽  
Kai Thomas ◽  
Christina Sternbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Much literature deals with patients who use drugs and have partners who are drug-free. However, concordant couples, in which both partners are consuming drugs, are sparsely examined in the literature. This might be due to the fact, that couples are rarely treated together in healthcare services. Despite that fact we propose that it is feasible and clinically meaningful to treat concordant couples in the same ward. Consequently, this study pursues the goal to expand the body of knowledge in the treatment of concordant couples investigating the research question: is it feasible, clinically and prognostically meaningful to treat these patients in the same ward? Method: This exploratory study included five concordant couples (ten patients), which were simultaneously treated between August 2013 and November 2014 in a specialised substance use ward at the Psychiatric Hospital Münsterlingen, Switzerland. All patients passed through a psychodynamic characterisation based on the OPD-II interview and the Structured Interview for Personality Organization. Symptom load was measured with the Brief Symptom Inventory at admission and termination of treatment. We calculated comparisons at the individual level using t-tests for paired samples. Results: We showed that it is feasible and clinically meaningful to treat couples concordant for substance use in the same ward. The psychodynamic characterization of the five concordant couples revealed recurring patterns of collusion, involving divided roles between dependence and independence, caregiving and neediness, activity and passivity, control and submission, strength and deficiency as well as superiority and inferiority. The patients didn´t change significantly on the BSI between pre- to post-treatment, although men (d = 1.64) benefited to a greater extent than women (d = 0.10). Conclusion: Treating concordant couples together in the same inpatient setting is unusual, but feasible and clinically useful, because it makes it possible to take into account the couples dynamics in the treatment.

Personal responsibility for health: the impact of digitalisation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-258
Author(s):  
Andrea Martani ◽  
Georg Starke
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Gerald Dworkin ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Fostering the personal responsibility of patients is often considered a potential remedy for the problem of resource allocation in health care systems. In political and ethical debates, systems of rewards and punishments based on personal responsibility have proved very divisive. However, regardless of the controversies it has sparked, the implementation of personal responsibility in concrete policies has always encountered the problem of practical enforceability, i.e.how causally relevant behaviour can be tracked, allowing policies of this kind to be applied in a fine-grained, economically viable and accurate fashion. In this paper, we show how this hurdle can be seemingly overcome with the advent of digitalisation in health and delineate the potential impact of digitalisation on personal responsibility for health. We discuss how digitalisation – by datafying health and making patients transparent – promises to close the loophole of practical enforceability by allowing to trace health-related lifestyle choices of individuals as well as their exposure to avoidable risk factors. Digitalisation in health care thereby reinforces what Gerald Dworkin has called the causal aspect of personal responsibility and strengthens the implicit syllogism that – since exposure to risk factors happens at the individual level – responsibility for health should be ascribed to the individual. We conclude by addressing the limitations of this approach and suggest that there are other ways in which the potential of digitalisation can help with the allocation of resources in health care.

scholarly journals Pandemic Politics: Political Worldviews and COVID-19 Beliefs and Practices in an Unsettled Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802312097257
Author(s):  
Hana Shepherd ◽  
Norah MacKendrick ◽  
G. Cristina Mora
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Public Health Institutions ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
The Impact

How do individuals form new health beliefs and act in the context of unprecedented uncertainty? Drawing on a unique data set of registered California voters collected a month into stay-at-home orders that allows for an individual-level analysis, we examine the impact of political worldviews on trust in public health institutions and beliefs about the threat of COVID-19, effective methods for preventing the disease, and leaving home during the pandemic. Although all measures of political worldviews are strongly associated with trust in public health institutions and perceptions of threat, beliefs about effective prevention measures, and behavior, we find that Trump approval is particularly associated with COVID-19 risk perception and beliefs, beyond political party affiliation or life circumstances that shape exposure to COVID-19. We discuss the theoretical implications of these findings for understanding how political worldviews bear on embodied practices and shape the relationship between beliefs and action in unsettled times.

Patient self-testing in chronic disease management

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice J. O’Kane
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Robust Evidence

AbstractChronic disease poses a major burden to patients and health care systems. This review considers how patient self-testing can contribute to the management of chronic disease. Self-testing can only confer benefit if it occurs in the context of an empowered patient who has the skills and training to translate test results into meaningful actions. The benefits may include improved clinical outcomes, greater patient convenience and improved psychological well-being; separately and together these may contribute to reduced costs of care. As self-testing may be expensive and burdensome to patients, it is important that its use in chronic disease is supported by a robust evidence base confirming its utility and efficacy. The design of studies to assess the impact of self-testing poses challenges for the researcher and the quality of evidence presented is often variable. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) provide more robust evidence than observational studies; the intervention under study is not just self-testing but includes the educational support to allow patients to use results effectively. This review discusses the evidence base relating to patient self-testing in diabetes, anticoagulant monitoring and in renal transplant patients and in particular highlights the impact of new technology developments such as flash glucose monitoring in diabetes.

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