scholarly journals Increase in sickness absence due to mental disorders in Finland: trends by gender, age and diagnostic group in 2005–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482199370
Author(s):  
Jenni Blomgren ◽  
Riku Perhoniemi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Group ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Working Age

Aims: Mental disorders are among the key public health challenges and cause a significant share of sickness absence. The aim of this study was to examine gender and age-specific trends in sickness absence in Finland among non-retired persons aged 16–67 years during 2005–2019 by main diagnostic groups. Special focus was put on the development of sickness absence due to mental and behavioural disorders. Methods: Data on compensated sickness allowance days were retrieved from the database of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland, and data on the non-retired population aged 16–67 years from the database of Statistics Finland for years 2005–2019. Yearly age-standardised sickness absence rates (yearly sickness absence days per each person in the population at risk) according to diagnostic group were calculated for women and men in age groups 16–34, 35–49 and 50–67 years. Results: A steep increase in sickness absence due to mental disorders was observed between 2016 and 2019 in all age groups among both genders, but the increase was more prominent among women. The age group 16–34 years also showed a longer-term gradual increase. In all examined gender and age groups, the increase was mainly a consequence of an increase in sickness absence due to depression and anxiety disorders. Conclusions: Increase in sickness absence due to mental disorders is an early sign of threats to work ability and productivity of the working-age population. Several factors may simultaneously drive the development. The specific reasons for the recent trend need to be studied.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic differences in paid sickness allowances in Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Blomgren ◽  
S Jäppinen ◽  
J Pekkala ◽  
O Rahkonen
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Opposite Manner

Abstract Background Receipt of sickness allowance (SA), which in the Finnish benefit system functions as compensation for loss of income due to over 10-days-long sickness absence, is more prevalent in lower socioeconomic groups. As SA is an earnings-related benefit and higher occupational classes have on average higher previous income, their share of SA expenditure must be higher than their share of SA days would suggest. However, the allocation of SA costs to different socioeconomic groups is not known. The aim of this study was to compare occupational classes in terms of their shares of total paid SA days and SA benefit costs. Methods We used register data covering the total working-age (16-64) employed population of Finland at the end of 2016 (N = 2.2 million), with linked data on paid sickness allowances during 2017. Yearly accumulated sickness allowance days and allowance costs, paid by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland, were calculated for upper and lower non-manual employees, manual workers and self-employed persons. Results Of the total yearly SA days of the employed population, 13% were paid to upper non-manual employees, 40% to lower non-manual employees, 37% to manual workers and 10% to the self-employed (the respective shares of these occupational classes of the employed population were 23%, 36%, 30% and 11 %). The average gross allowance was 77€ per day among upper non-manuals and between 54€ and 60€ in the other groups. Accordingly, upper non-manuals accounted for a larger share of the SA costs compared to their share of SA days: the proportions of costs were 16%, 39%, 36% and 9% in each occupational class, respectively. Conclusions The results show that as the average amount of daily sickness allowance is distributed in an opposite manner compared to the prevalence and length of sickness allowance spells, socioeconomic differences in sickness allowance costs are smaller than differences in the prevalence of sickness allowance. Key messages Upper non-manual employees have a lower prevalence of sickness absence and shorter spells than other occupational groups. Because of higher earnings-related sickness allowance among upper non-manual employees, their share of sickness allowance costs is higher than their share of sickness allowance days.

scholarly journals Work participation trajectories among 1,098,748 Finns: reasons for premature labour market exit and the incidence of sickness absence due to mental disorders and musculoskeletal diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tea Lallukka ◽  
Erkki Kronholm ◽  
Johanna Pekkala ◽  
Sauli Jäppinen ◽  
Jenni Blomgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Vulnerable Groups

Abstract Background Early exit from paid employment is a notable public health and societal challenge. Previous research has largely focused on the relationships among variables instead of the relationships among individuals with different work participation history. Person-oriented methods enable to identify latent groups of individuals who are likely to follow similar development in their work participation over time. We thus aimed to identify work participation trajectories during early and midlife careers and their social determinants using large nationally representative data comprising over 1 million initially employed individuals and a 10-year follow-up for their work participation. A further aim was to determine the cumulative incidence of sickness absence due to key diagnostic groups, mental disorders and musculoskeletal diseases within the trajectories. Methods Young (25–38 years at baseline, n = 495,663) and midlife (39–52 years at baseline, n = 603,085) Finnish people, all working in 2004, were followed up through 2013, with registers of the Social Insurance Institution, and the Statistics Finland. The registers provided data for work participation and its determinants, as well as for computing the cumulative incidence of sickness absence. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify trajectories. Results Three distinctive trajectories were identified: temporary exit, permanent exit, and continuously employed people. As compared to the other trajectories, those belonging to the permanent exit trajectory were more likely men, manual workers and had a lower income. The cumulative incidence of sickness absence due to mental disorders was highest in the permanent exit trajectory group. For musculoskeletal diseases, the cumulative incidence of sickness absence increased in the permanent exit trajectory mainly in the older age groups. Conclusion Distinct group-based trajectories of early work exit can be identified in a representative cohort of initially employed people. Focusing on the determinants of premature exit and early intervention to tackle increasing sickness absence may promote work participation particularly in the most vulnerable groups.

Physicians’ experiences with sickness absence certification in Finland

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 859-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katariina Hinkka ◽  
Mikko Niemelä ◽  
Ilona Autti-Rämö ◽  
Heikki Palomäki
Keyword(s):  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Practice Setting ◽  
Sickness Certification ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Know How ◽  
Rehabilitation System ◽  
Clinical Practice Setting ◽  
Working Age

Aims: The aim of this study was to explore Finnish physicians’ perceptions of sickness absence (SA) certification. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 50% of the physicians in Finland who provide care to working-age patients in a clinical practice setting. Of the 8867 physicians, 3089 responded. Physicians handling SA certification patients at least a few times per month were included ( n = 2472). Results: At least a few times per month, 61% of all physicians perceived SA issues as problematic, 60% had experienced a lack of time in dealing with SA matters, 36% had disagreed with a patient on SA certification, and 36% had met a patient who wanted a SA certificate for reasons other than a disease or injury. Physicians were least worried about patients filing complaints (4%), exhibiting threatening behaviour (2%), or switching physicians for SA certification reasons (1%). A total of 60% of physicians had prescribed SA for a longer period than necessary because of long waiting times for further care/measures. Non-specialized physicians, general practitioners, and psychiatrists experienced problems more frequently than surgeons and occupational health physicians. Over 50% of the respondents had a fairly large or very large need to deepen their knowledge of social insurance matters. The need for national guidelines for all or some diseases was reported by 80% of the respondents. Conclusions: Many physicians perceive SA tasks as problematic and are unable to dedicate enough time to them. Shortcomings in physicians’ sickness certification know-how, as well as obstacles in the healthcare and rehabilitation system, prolong the SA process. Attitudes towards the adoption of national guidelines on the duration of SA were positive.

scholarly journals Accumulative pension system in Ukraine: theoretical and applied discourse

2021 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Alekseyenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Social Insurance System ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Working Age

Introduction. The study of theoretical and empirical aspects of the accumulative pension system should help to identify patterns and contradictions of its development in society. In order to conduct an effective economic policy on the introduction of a funded pension system, it is necessary to define a theoretical concept of a model of the active role of the state in socio-economic processes or a moderate liberal model. Reforming the pension system is a rather long process and requires both the definition of the main directions, principles and measures for the development of the funded pension system, and changes in the values, principles and norms of behavior of citizens.The purpose is to substantiate the theoretical concept, trends, problems of the accumulative pension system and the directions of its introduction into society.Research methods are based on the dialectical method of scientific knowledge and a systematic approach to knowledge of economic phenomena and processes, theoretical generalization, systematization, which allowed to reveal the problems of the accumulative pension system based on theoretical concepts and economic-statistical analysis of demographic load of working age and after working age.Results. The indicators influencing the introduction of the second level of the pension system were monitored. The dynamics of indicators of demographic load of the population of pre-working and post-working age is analyzed. The focus is on the peculiarities of wages and final consumer expenditures of households and the general government sector. It was found that in general, citizens belong to the elderly population, so to prevent further deterioration of the ratio between age groups, it is advisable to increase the effectiveness of the social insurance system. The expediency of paying more attention to actuarial statistics to determine the future size of pensions and their exact calculation is substantiated.Prospects. Further research is important to focus on improving the efficiency of the multi-component funded pension system in the context of ensuring compliance with the values, principles and norms of the society.

scholarly journals Variance of dependency ratio in Baghdad governorate and its relation to the social variables of the population for 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 226 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-364
Author(s):  
Prof. Dr. Nadaa Najeeb Salman
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Unemployed

The subject of population support is one of the most important topics in the geography of the population as it shows the amount of burden on the workforce in society and reflects the balance or lack of balance among population groups. According to the ratio of gender and age groups and their relation to social variables. The research was based on three axes, the first dealt with the variation in the dependency ratio, the second studied the ratio of the type of dependents and dependents and the third the social variables related to dependency. The most important findings of the study were the high dependency ratio in the rural districts of the governorate, in addition to the fact that the proportion of the type of the unemployed surpassed that of the dependents, as well as the low percentage of the population (15-94) years, indicating the high rate of support in the districts of Sadr and Abu Ghraib and Mahmudiyah.

scholarly journals Swearing in informal spoken English: 1990s–2010s

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbie Love
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
British English ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Distribution ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
National Corpus

Abstract This paper investigates changes in swearing usage in informal speech using large-scale corpus data, comparing the occurrence and social distribution of swear words in two corpora of informal spoken British English: the demographically-sampled part of the Spoken British National Corpus 1994 (BNC1994) and the Spoken British National Corpus 2014 (BNC2014); the compilation of the latter has facilitated large-scale, diachronic analyses of authentic spoken data on a scale which has, until now, not been possible. A form and frequency analysis of a set of 16 ‘pure’ swear word lemma forms is presented. The findings reveal that swearing occurrence is significantly lower in the Spoken BNC2014 but still within a comparable range to previous studies. Furthermore, FUCK is found to overtake BLOODY as the most popular swear word lemma. Finally, the social distribution of swearing across gender and age groups generally supports the findings of previous research: males still swear more than females, and swearing still peaks in the twenties and declines thereafter. However, the distribution of swearing according to socio-economic status is found to be more complex than expected in the 2010s and requires further investigation. This paper also reflects on some of the methodological challenges associated with making comparisons between the two corpora.

scholarly journals Work participation trajectories in 1098748 Finns: determinants and the incidence of sickness absence

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Lallukka ◽  
E Kronholm ◽  
J Pekkala ◽  
S Jäppinen ◽  
J Blomgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Representative Cohort

Abstract Background Early exit from paid employment is a notable public health and societal challenge. Previous research has largely focused on the relationships among variables instead of the relationships among individuals with different work participation history. Person-oriented methods enable to identify latent groups of individuals who are likely to follow similar development in their work participation over time. We thus aimed to identify work participation trajectories during early and midlife careers and their social determinants. A further aim was to determine the cumulative incidence of sickness absence due to key diagnostic groups, mental disorders and musculoskeletal diseases within the trajectories. Methods Young (25-38 years at baseline, n = 495663) and midlife (39-52 years at baseline, n = 603085) Finnish people, working in 2004, were followed up through 2013, with registers of the Social Insurance Institution, and the Statistics Finland. The registers provided data for the outcome (work participation) and its determinants and sickness absence. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify trajectories. Results Three distinctive trajectories were identified: temporary exit, permanent exit, and continuously employed people. As compared to the other trajectories, those belonging to the permanent exit trajectory were more likely men, manual workers and had a lower income. The cumulative incidence of sickness absence due to mental disorders was highest in the permanent exit trajectory group. For musculoskeletal diseases, the cumulative incidence of sickness absence increased in the permanent exit trajectory mainly in the older age groups. Conclusions Distinct group-based trajectories of early work exit can be identified in a representative cohort of initially employed people. Focusing on the determinants of premature exit and early intervention to tackle increasing sickness absence may promote work participation particularly in the most vulnerable groups. Key messages Distinct trajectories of premature exit from paid employment can be identified in a nationally representative cohort of initially employed people from Finland. Focusing on the determinants and reasons of premature long-term labor market exit may help promote work participation particularly in the most vulnerable groups.

scholarly journals Gender and age differences in the recurrence of sickness absence due to common mental disorders: a longitudinal study

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra C Koopmans ◽  
Corné AM Roelen ◽  
Ute Bültmann ◽  
Rob Hoedeman ◽  
Jac JL van der Klink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender And Age Differences

Life course analysis on income and incident AMI: a Danish register-based cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 810-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Kriegbaum ◽  
Charlotte Ørsted Hougaard ◽  
Ingelise Andersen ◽  
Henrik Brønnum-Hansen ◽  
Rikke Lund
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundSocial inequality in ischaemic heart disease has been related to socioeconomic position in childhood, early adulthood and late adulthood. However, the impact of relative level of accumulated income periods across adult life course and the potential gender and age differences have not been investigated. The aim was to investigate the association between relative level of accumulated income across the life course and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from age 60+ years and to study if the associations differ by gender and in different age groups (30–39 years, 40–49 years and 50–59 years).MethodsAll Danes born 1935–1954 (N=1 235 139) were followed up in registers for incident AMI (42 669 cases). The accumulated proportional deviation from median equivalised income (APDMEI) for each gender/age/calendar year strata was constructed and divided in quartiles. The associations were analysed by means of Cox’s proportional hazard models.ResultsAmong men, those in the lowest APDMEI quartile had an HR 1.40 (1.35–1.45) of AMI compared with the highest quartile. Those in the second and third highest quartiles had HR of 1.24 (1.20–1.28) and 1.14 (1.10–1.18), respectively. Among women, the lowest quartile had an HR of 1.78 (1.69–1.88), the second 1.45 (1.37–1.53) and the third 1.19 (1.13–1.26). The social gradient was similar across the different age groups.ConclusionThe risk of AMI increased with lower levels of relative accumulated income across the life course. While men generally had a higher risk of AMI, the social gradient was steeper in women. There was no indication of a specific sensitive age period for exposure to relative level of accumulated income.

scholarly journals Analysis of the risk factors in SARS-CoV-2: gender and age

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2034
Author(s):  
A. A. Sanghai ◽  
Vikram Khan ◽  
D. B. Zala ◽  
V. K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Working Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Key Indicators

Age and gender are key indicators of health to understand the extent to which outbreaks affect a specific age group or gender. Therefore, the present study was conducted to know whether gender equality in SARS-CoV-2 infections prevails across different age groups in the Dadra and Nagar Haveli district of the UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, India. The secondary data were collected up to 21st September 2020 through public health surveillance activities undertaken by, Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme, UT of the Dadra Nagar Haveli and Daman Diu. Till date, a total of 37.89 thousand samples were tested for detection of SARS-CoV-2. Only 1429 (3.76%) samples were found positive for SARS-CoV-2. Out of total positive cases, 71.38% were male and 28.62 % were female. The maximum case was encountered in the working-age group (between 19 to 50 years). However, the highest positivity rate (8.5%) was encountered in the age group of more than 50 years.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document